1,720,972 research outputs found
Método para estimar semillas no enterradas tras la siembra de maíz, sorgo y soja: herramienta para el diagnóstico agronómico y ambiental
Get PDFLa cuantificación de semillas expuestas en la superficie tras la siembra es una herramienta clave para el manejo agrícola sostenible. Este método estandarizado permite estimar la cantidad de semillas no enterradas en cultivos estivales, facilitando tanto la detección de pérdidas económicas asociadas a una siembra ineficiente como la evaluación del riesgo toxicológico que representan las semillas tratadas con fitosanitarios para la fauna granívora.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná. Departamento Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental; Argentin
Claves para una siembra responsable: evitar pérdidas y proteger a las aves
No full textLas semillas que quedan sin enterrar tras la siembra reducen la uniformidad del
cultivo y pueden ser ingeridas por fauna silvestre, provocando intoxicaciones. En
un estudio realizado en 43 lotes comerciales de Entre Ríos se registraron
promedios de 0,64 semillas m ² sin enterrar en maíz, 1,35 en sorgo y 3,44 en soja.
En puntos de carga y limpieza de la sembradora, con dimensiones similares al
tren de siembra, se estimaron hasta 480 semillas m ² en maíz y 23 440 semillas
m-² en soja, generando sitios de alto riesgo de intoxicación para aves.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentin
Assessment of biomarkers of oxidative stress in doves exposed to neonicotinoid-treated soybean cotyledons
No full textPósterWild birds are exposed to pesticides in the field, including
insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate hematocrit and
markers of oxidative stress in captive doves (Zenaida auriculata, a
model granivorous bird) exposed to neonicotinoids through
soybean cotyledons, the most important crop in Argentina.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Cazenave, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico (CONICET-Santa Fe). Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Cazenave, Jimena. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Mateo, Rafael. Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (CSIC), Barcelona; Españ
Avoidance of neonicotinoid-treated seeds and cotyledons by captive eared doves (Zenaida auriculata, Columbidae)
No full textFarmland birds can be exposed to neonicotinoids through the ingestion of treated unburied seeds and cotyledons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the avoidance of sorghum with imidacloprid, clothianidin or thiamethoxam, soybean with imidacloprid, and soybean cotyledons with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam on eared doves (Zenaida auriculata). Doves were fed with test food (untreated and neonicotinoid-treated sorghum, soybean or soybean cotyledons) and maintenance food (seed mix) for 3–5 days to study the repellency (primary repellency and conditioned aversion) and anorexia caused by neonicotinoid-treated food, followed by a 7-day period on maintenance food to study the persistence of the anorexic effect after neonicotinoid exposure. Immediately afterward, the same doves were exposed to treated test food during a second period of 3–5 days to study the potential reinforcement of food avoidance. Finally, doves were fed with untreated test food to test the capacity of the pesticide to induce conditioned food aversion against untreated food in subsequent encounters. Intoxication signs and differences of body weight were determined. With sorghum, the three neonicotinoids produced a decrease in the consumption of treated seeds by >97% compared to control birds. However, this was not enough to prevent the death of 3/8 and 1/8 of the doves exposed to imidacloprid and clothianidin, respectively. Anorexia was clearly observed with neonicotinoid-treated sorghum. The birds did not avoid the untreated sorghum after exposure to the treated sorghum, indicating that avoidance is not generalized to the type of food without an associated sensory cue. The results obtained with soybean seeds and cotyledons were less conclusive because captive doves hardly consumed these foods, even without neonicotinoid treatment. The avoidance of sorghum seeds treated with neonicotinoids was insufficient to prevent poisoning and death of eared doves.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Cazenave, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Cazenave, Jimena. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Mateo Soria, Rafael. CSIC. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; Españ
Químicos para el manejo del daño por aves en cultivos
No full textEl presente trabajo resume las principales características y resultados de evaluaciones de eficacia de repelentes químicos, contraceptivos y avicidas. Para cada una de estas tres alternativas químicas se des criben y analizan los modos de acción y la eficacia de estos compuestos en estudios con aves a diferentes escalas (aviario, semicampo y campo). Para este análisis, los repelentes fueron divididos en biorrepelentes y en plaguicidas repelentes, y estos últimos, a su vez, en insecticidas y fungicidas. En cuanto a los contraceptivos, se describen los compuestos más conocidos para aves. Los avicidas, por su parte, se han dividido en función de su clasificación química. Se espera de este modo presentar el "estado del arte" de la investigación en el uso de estos productos químicos, con el objetivo de contribuir a su evaluación como una potencial herramienta de investigación, desarrollo, o manejo para disminuir los daños ocasionados por aves en cultivos.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Canavelli, Sonia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentin
Characterization of exposure and hazard of neonicotinoid insecticides used as seed treatment in granivorous birds
No full textFil: Addy Orduna, Laura María. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina.Se describió la toxicidad aguda de imidacloprid, clotianidin y tiametoxam en torcazas (Zenaida auriculata). En perdices rojas (Alectoris rufa) se evaluó su comportamiento antidepredador luego de una dosificación con dosis subletales de imidacloprid. Para determinar si la aversión a neonicotinoides limita la exposición de las aves, se realizaron experimentos en cautiverio con torcazas expuestas a sorgo y soja tratados, y un experimento a campo con semillas y cotiledones de soja. Se estimó en campo la cantidad de semillas disponibles para las aves que quedan después de la siembra de maíz, sorgo y soja, así como el contenido de semillas de estos cultivos y de neonicotinoides en tracto gastro-intestinal de torcazas cazadas. Imidacloprid (DL50=59 mg/kg) resultó más tóxico que clotianidin y tiametoxam para las torcazas. Concentraciones de 1 y 6 mg/kg de imidacloprid produjeron efectos en comportamientos antidepredador en perdices rojas. Los neonicotinoides produjeron evitación en las aves, tanto en cautiverio como en campo, pero no fue suficiente para evitar la muerte de torcazas expuestas a sorgo tratado. El cultivo de soja mostró la mayor densidad de semillas sin enterrar después de su siembra. El cultivo de maíz presentó mayor abundancia de aves comedoras de semillas y sus semillas se encontraron en las torcazas cazadas con mayor frecuencia que las de sorgo y soja. El cultivo de sorgo presentó la mayor concentración de imidacloprid en el campo. Como conclusión, imidacloprid puede presentarse en cantidades peligrosas en semillas de sorgo y maíz, constituyendo un riesgo agudo para las aves que comen semillas.The acute toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam in eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) was described. Antipredator behavior of red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) was evaluated after dosing with sublethal doses of imidacloprid. To determine whether aversion to neonicotinoids limits bird exposure, captive experiments were conducted with eared doves exposed to treated sorghum and soybeans, and a field experiment with soybean seeds and cotyledons. The amount of seeds available for the birds remaining after sowing maize, sorghum and soybeans was estimated in the field, as well as the seed content of these crops and neonicotinoids in the gastro-intestinal tract of hunted eared doves. Imidacloprid (LD50=59 mg/kg) was more toxic than clothianidin and thiamethoxam for eared doves. Concentrations of 1 and 6 mg/kg imidacloprid produced effects on antipredator behaviors in red-legged partridges. Neonicotinoids produced avoidance in birds, both in captivity and in the field, but it was not sufficient to prevent the death of eared doves exposed to treated sorghum. Soybeans crop showed the highest density of unburied seeds after sowing. Maize crop presented a greater abundance of seed-eating birds and their seeds were found in the hunted eared doves more frequently than those of sorghum and soybeans. Sorghum crop had the highest concentration of imidacloprid in the field. In conclusion, imidacloprid can occur in dangerous amounts in sorghum and maize seeds, constituting an acute risk to seed-eating birds.Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica
Field availability and avoidance of imidacloprid-treated soybean seeds and cotyledons by birds
No full textTreated seeds and their cotyledons can present a toxicological risk to seed-eating birds. To assess whether avoidance behavior limits exposure and consequently the risk to birds, three fields were sown with soybeans. Half of the surface of each field was sown with seeds treated with 42 g /100 kg seed of insecticide imidacloprid (T plot, treated) and the other half with seeds without imidacloprid (C plot, control). Unburied seeds were surveyed in C and T plots at 12 h and 48 h post-sowing. Damaged seedlings was surveyed in C and T plots at 12 days post-sowing. Abundance and richness of birds was surveyed at the field level (without distinguishing between C and T plots) before, during, and after sowing, and 12 days post-sowing. Seed density was higher in the headlands of the T plots than in the C plots, but did not differ between 12 and 48 h. The damage on cotyledons of seedlings was 15.4% higher in C plots than in T plots. The abundance and richness per hectare of birds that eat seeds and cotyledons were lower after sowing, indicating a deterrent effect of sowing imidacloprid-treated seeds on birds. Although the variation in seed density over time does not allow solid conclusions to be drawn about the avoidance of seeds treated by birds, the seedling results suggest an aversive effect of imidacloprid-treated soybeans on birds. The dominant species was the eared dove (Zenaida auriculata), whose risk of acute poisoning by imidacloprid in soybean seeds and cotyledons was low, according to its toxicity exposure ratio (TER), its foraged area of concern, and its foraged time of concern.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Mateo Soria, Rafael. CSIC. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos; Españ
Oral acute toxicity of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin in eared doves: a contribution for the risk assessment of neonicotinoids in birds
No full textNeonicotinoids have recently been demonstrated to cause direct negative impacts on birds from North America
and Europe. To further understand the impact of these compounds on bird species and to improve risk assessment
capacities, the current study determined the acute toxicities of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and
thiamethoxam formulations on South American eared doves (Zenaida auriculata). Insecticides were administered
by gavage to adult doves to determine median lethal doses (LD50) according to a standardized sequential
procedure. The acute toxicity of formulated imidacloprid (LD50=59mgactive ingredient, a.i./kg bodyweight, b.
w.) was much higher than that of the tested formulations of clothianidin (LD50 = 4248 mg a.i./kg b.w.) and
thiamethoxam (LD50 = 4366 mg a.i./kg b.w.). Imidacloprid also differed from the other two neonicotinoids in
terms of the onset and intensity of intoxication signs and the times of death and recovery. All three insecticides
induced a reduction in food consumption that led to body weight loss. An average weight dove of 127 g would
obtain a dose equivalent to the LD50 of imidacloprid by consuming 1.7 g of treated sorghum seeds. As eared
doves offered non-treated sorghum seeds 5 h per day consumed on average 6.4±1.8 g (mean±S.D.), it is concluded
that these doves could feasibly be exposed to lethal doses in the field. Thiswork is the first to describe intoxication
signs and report oral neonicotinoid LD50s in a wild South-American bird species.EEA ParanáFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Bilológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Mateo Soria, Rafael. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC); Españ
Anidamiento de paloma torcaza (Zenaida auriculata) en rastrojos de sorgo
Get PDFLa paloma torcaza (Zenaida auriculata) es una de las especies de aves más co-munes y abundantes de Argentina, con gran capacidad de adaptación a los am-bientes modificados por el hombre. Un aspecto clave del éxito de esta especiees su capacidad para anidar de manera colonial en remanentes de bosque enpaisajes agrícolas. Este factor ha contribuido significativamente al crecimientopoblacional experimentado por la especie en las últimas décadas. Se presentael hallazgo de una nidada colonial en rastrojos de sorgo. En octubre de 2013 selocalizó una colonia de anidamiento de paloma torcaza en un lote con rastrojosde sorgo. En dicho lote, se realizaron 5 transectas de faja. Se obtuvo un promediode 0,89 nidos (±0,19) por m 2 y 1,79 (±0,17), huevos por nido. La mayoría (93,4 %)de los huevos estaba sano y el resto (6,6 %) mostraba signos de depredación.Éste sería el primer registro publicado de anidamiento colonial de torcaza enrastrojos de cultivo de sorgo. Establecer la frecuencia de este comportamientode anidamiento a escala regional y estimar el impacto que podría tener sobre elcrecimiento poblacional de esta especie sería importante para comprender, demanera más cabal, los aumentos poblacionales experimentados por esta palomaen los últimos años.Eared dove (Zenaida auriculata) is one of the most common and most abundant bird species in Argentina. Eared doves are highly adaptable to human–modified environments. A key aspect of the success of this species is its ability for colonial breeding in forest patches in agricultural landscapes. This factor has contributed significantly to the population growth experienced by the species in recent de-cades. A finding of colonial breeding in sorghum stubble is presented. In Octo-ber 2013 a breeding colony of eared doves was located on a plot with sorghum stubble. In this plot, five belt–transects were set for counting nests and eggs. An average of 0.89 nests (±0.19) per m2 was obtained. The average number of eggs per nest was 1.79, of which 93.4 % were intact and 6.6 % were damaged, with signs of predation. This study constitutes the first published record of Eared doves nesting colonially in sorghum stubble fields. It would be important to esti-mate, at regional scale, how frequent this nesting behavior is, and to estimate the impact this might have on the population growth of this species in recent years.EEA ParanáFil: Dardanelli, Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Canavelli, Sonia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentin
Oral acute toxicity of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin in eared doves: A contribution for the risk assessment of neonicotinoids in birds
No full textNeonicotinoids have recently been demonstrated to cause direct negative impacts on birds from North America and Europe. To further understand the impact of these compounds on bird species and to improve risk assessment capacities, the current study determined the acute toxicities of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam formulations on South American eared doves (Zenaida auriculata). Insecticides were administered by gavage to adult doves to determine median lethal doses (LD50) according to a standardized sequential procedure. The acute toxicity of formulated imidacloprid (LD50 = 59 mg active ingredient, a.i./kg body weight, b.w.) was much higher than that of the tested formulations of clothianidin (LD50 = 4248 mg a.i./kg b.w.) and thiamethoxam (LD50 = 4366 mg a.i./kg b.w.). Imidacloprid also differed from the other two neonicotinoids in terms of the onset and intensity of intoxication signs and the times of death and recovery. All three insecticides induced a reduction in food consumption that led to body weight loss. An average weight dove of 127 g would obtain a dose equivalent to the LD50 of imidacloprid by consuming 1.7 g of treated sorghum seeds. As eared doves offered non-treated sorghum seeds 5 h per day consumed on average 6.4 ± 1.8 g (mean ± S.D.), it is concluded that these doves could feasibly be exposed to lethal doses in the field. This work is the first to describe intoxication signs and report oral neonicotinoid LD50s in a wild South-American bird species.Fil: Addy Orduna, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Entre Ríos. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pezzi, Juan Rafael Mateo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ
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