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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Investigations into the architecture of the gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis, and monitoring changes in response to physiotherapy
Get PDFBackground
The vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) form part of the quadriceps femoris group
in the anterior thigh. A balance between these two muscles is key to maintaining normal
tracking of the patella in the trochlear groove during flexion and extension of the knee joint,
and an imbalance between them is thought to be implicated in the aetiology of patellofemoral
pain (PFP). Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal presenting
conditions among young, athletic individuals, and particularly affecting females. First line
treatment usually involves physiotherapy, either to strengthen the VM or to stretch the VL.
However, there is a lack of evidential data in the literature regarding the effect of these
interventions on the architecture of these muscles.
Aims
This thesis, drawing upon a selection of previously published work of the author, aims to
review, integrate, and critically appraise these published works.
The body of work presented in this thesis is organised under the following themes:
1. Describe the detailed anatomy of the gastrocnemius and VM by a series of dissection studies
and clarify the existence of the proposed subdivisions of the VM: the vastus medialis longus
(VML) and the vastus medialis oblique (VMO).
2. Explore the potential of using ultrasound (US) to visualise muscle architecture, first on the
gastrocnemius then the VM; validate the method for measuring the VMO fibre angle.
3. Obtain normative values for the pennation angle and insertion level of the VMO in a cohort
of young, asymptomatic individuals, and further investigate the dichotomy between active and
sedentary individuals.
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4. Investigate the effect of physiotherapy on the architecture of the VMO, and how this effect
was influenced by the following factors: different exercise techniques, electro-muscular
stimulation, and cessation of the physiotherapy.
5. Investigate the effect of stretching exercises and myofascial release on the pennation angle
of the VL and VMO.
Methods
Dissection studies were carried out on cadaveric specimens donated for anatomical education
and research under the Human Tissue Act (2004). For the ultrasound investigations, young,
asymptomatic volunteers were recruited, given an initial ultrasound (US) scan, then scanned
again following a physiotherapy programme. Ethical approval was obtained from the host
institution, and all volunteers gave informed consent.
Results
The research publications presented here describe the detailed anatomy of the gastrocnemius,
VML and VMO, and present normative values for the pennation angle and level of insertion of
the VMO in young, asymptomatic individuals. Ultrasound is shown to be a reliable tool for
investigating the architecture of the VL and VM in vivo, and for monitoring the effects of
physiotherapy interventions on these muscles. Furthermore, suitable subjects for such
interventions can be identified in clinic by an ultrasound scan.
Conclusions
Gastrocnemius: there was a significant mean difference of 1.74 (±1.43) cm between the medial
and lateral bellies in a sample of 84 cadaveric lower limbs.
Vastus medialis and lateralis: physiotherapy interventions to strengthen the VMO, or to stretch
the VL, have a measurable effect on the architecture of the muscles, which can be detected
using ultrasound. Ultrasound is a safe, non-invasive, inexpensive imaging modality, and has the
potential to provide a powerful tool in the clinic to measure initial VL and VM muscle fibre
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angle in PFP cases, identify suitable patients for this type of treatment, and monitor their
progress
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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