1,720,999 research outputs found
Il Romanzo del barattiere. Prova di mare e indebolimento della posizione legale del marinaio nel passaggio tra Sette e Ottocento / The Barrator's Tale: Legal Proof at Sea and the Weakening of the Seaman's Position at the Turn of the 18th Century
No full textIn the second half of the 18th century, the emergence of large insurance companies significantly altered the European market for maritime risks, changing the traditional balance of power between insurers and policyholders. This change had repercussions on the regulatory framework and contractual practices, whose reform began to be perceived as a need that could no longer be postponed. In order to be able to make use of the new calculation-based forecasting tools, it was first necessary to develop and adopt certain legal devices that would reduce information asymmetries and moral hazard, both at the contractual level and at the time of claim settlement. Starting from the close analysis of an emblematic case against a Neapolitan shipowner accused of fraud, the essay clarifies how the evolution of admissible evidence and judicial procedure was shaped by the profound structural transformations of the period
ONE HUNDRED BARRELS OF GUNPOWDER GENERAL AVERAGE, MARITIME LAW, AND INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY BETWEEN TUSCANY AND ENGLAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY
No full textMaritime "Average" refers to partial damage affecting one or more parties directly interested in a maritime voyage. In certain cases, and under certain conditions, the cost of this damage can be redistributed among the ship-owners and cargo owners by means of a procedure: "General Average". This is possible thanks to a very ancient piece of maritime law which assumes that all members of a maritime venture form a single community of solidarity. Faced with common danger, self-interest is forgotten, and the collective whole becomes a guarantor for the parts. The archives of maritime courts preserve an impressive number of acts which show different commercial actors confronting the problem of estimating the two sums in play which determined redistribution: the value of the whole, and the value of the part which was sacrificed. This type of documentation could, in theory, provide us with econometric data which in turn could allow for statistical analysis. The following microhistory demonstrates the limits of that approach by identifying certain contingencies which shaped these procedures and the gap which existed between theoretical assumptions and their translation into the real world. This investigation is based on a 17th century cause celebre, a General Average adjudicated by the Consoli di Mare in Pisa in 1670 which became the centre of a diplomatic controversy between the English and Tuscan governments
CHIRURGIA AMBULATORIALE DELLE ORECCHIE A SVENTOLA IN ETA' SCOLARE: IMPIEGO DI UNA CREMA ANESTETICA
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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