1,721,021 research outputs found
Effect of an Educational Intervention on Lifestyle Modification of Patients With Hypertension at Bishoftu General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2021
Full text linkA pilot interventional quasi-experimental study without a comparison group was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 3-month educational intervention on clinical measurement changes among 50 patients with hypertension at the Bishoftu General Hospital in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. We measured blood pressure, weight, and total cholesterol at baseline and within a week of postintervention. We found significant decreases in systolic (-12.4 mm Hg; P < .001) and diastolic (-4.6 mm Hg; P < .001) blood pressure, total cholesterol (-34.8 mg/dl; P < .001), and weight (-2.6 kg; P < .001). The educational intervention was found to be effective in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Breast cancer and endocrine therapy adherence in Ethiopia : diagnosis, treatment, and breast nurse intervention
Full text linkMany women in rural Ethiopia do not receive adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery despite the majority being diagnosed with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer and tamoxifen being available in the country. This dissertation comprises five studies applying different methodology focusing on a breast nurse intervention aiming to increase endocrine treatment adherence of breast cancer patients. To address gaps in early diagnostics, barriers to adherence, survivorship care in peripheral regions of Ethiopia, we conducted cluster-randomized controlled trial in eight peripheral hospitals comparing a breast nurse intervention vs. usual care leading to improved treatment adherence measures. Breast nurses can improve adherence endocrine therapy should be considered for implementation across the whole continuum of breast cancer care. Through a task-sharing approach, breast nurses could further facilitate early detection and screening measures at peripheral sites.Viele Frauen im ländlichen Äthiopien erhalten nach einer Brustkrebsoperation keine adjuvante Therapie, obwohl bei der Mehrheit Östrogenrezeptor-positiver Brustkrebs diagnostiziert wird und Tamoxifen im Land verfügbar ist. Diese Dissertation umfasst fünf Studien unterschiedlicher Methodik die sich auf eine Brustpflegeintervention konzentrieren, mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Adhärenzverbesserung, Schließung von Lücken in der Frühdiagnostik, sowie Hürden der Versorgung von Überlebenden. In einer cluster-randomisierten kontrollierten Studie in acht Krankenhäusern wurde die Implementierung spezialisierter Brustpflegekräfte mit der üblichen Versorgung verglichen, was zu Verbesserung der Therapieadhärenz führte. Die Implementierung spezialisierter Brustpflegekräfte sollte für im gesamten Kontinuum der Brustkrebsbehandlung in Äthiopien in Betracht gezogen werden. Weiterhin der könnten Brustpflegekräfte Früherkennungs- und Screening-Maßnahmen an peripheren Standorten verbessern
Towards Building Resilience within and beyond the Health Systems
Full text linkThe phrase Health Systems Resilience has become a buzz word, especially within the past year following the COVID-19 pandemic. The term resilience is used in different forms and meanings. It in general refers to reinstating back quickly to the before-the -crisis state, by tirelessly combating the crisis at present. The concept has its origins in the fields of engineering, environmental sciences, and ecology, developed to suggest that systems respond to shocks in a variety of ways: by absorbing them and returning to their original equilibrium or reaching a new equilibrium which makes them more resilient (1). In clinical psychology and mental health, resilience is manifested as the ability of the individual to adapt to adverse conditions such as trauma, or stress (2)
Malaria and HIV Co-Infection in Hadya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
No full textBack Ground: Malaria and HIV/AIDS are the major priority medical challenges facing
sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular and yet little has been known so
far on the clinical and public health implications of HIV and Malaria co-infection. Even
if the statistical effect is modest, any interaction between these two infections would have
public health significance.
Objectives: A cross sectional health institution based study was conducted between mid
October 2003 and mid January 2004 in three health facilities in Hadya Zone, Southern
Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of HIV malaria
co-infections in the area and to describe the clinical manifestations of malaria in HIV
positive and HIV negative malaria patients.
Subjects and methods: A total of 337 microscopically confirmed malaria patients in the
age range of 15-34 years were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used
to collect data on socio demographic and clinical variables. Physicians used a checklist of
physical findings during physical check up of patients. Anonymous HIV testing was done
on the blood samples of the patients using single ELISA technique by an experienced
laboratory technologist.
Results: The HIV serostatus assessment revealed that 4.2% (14 out of 337) of the
patients were seropositive for HIV. No socio demographic difference was detected
between HIV positive and HIV negative malaria patients.
Conclusions and Recommendations: The study concluded that the current HIV
prevalence among P.faciparum malaria patients was not different from the HIV
seroprevalence in the general population in the area, based on the prevalence findings
from the national sentinel reports. No strong evidence suggesting an association between
HIV and malaria was identified. The need for further studies with improved
methodologies and designs is emphasized
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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