196,493 research outputs found
An unexpected adverse event of gastric bypass: giant hyperplastic polyp showing an intramucosal adenocarcinoma
No full textNervous Nipple: Pseudopolythelia Caused by a Neurofibroma of the Areola
No full textThe presence of a supernumerary nipple inside the original areola is a rare condition termed intra-areolar polythelia. Rarely, a lesion can macroscopically resemble a nipple. We report a case of a solitary neurofibroma (by itself rare in the areola) mimicking a second, twin nipple. In this case, these 2 rare conditions merge resulting in pseudopolythelia. The relevant literature on polythelia and neurofibromas of the breast is briefly reviewed
Prostatic stromal sarcoma: Report of a rare case in a young male and review of the literature
No full textIntroduction and importance: Common prostatic neoplasms are diagnosed frequently, whereas rare entities require particular awareness and special clinical management. Case presentation: A 31-year-old man presented with dysuria, hematuria and urinary retention. Histomorphological analysis of material obtained by transurethral resection of the prostate initially favored a sarcomatoid carcinoma, but immunohistochemistry allowed the correct diagnosis of sarcoma of the specialized stroma of the prostate. Clinical discussion: The patient refused surgical treatment and, despite chemotherapy, he died 8 months after the diagnosis. Herein, we will highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of prostatic stromal sarcoma by illustrating this case and reviewing the relevant literature. Conclusion: Although rare and shadowed by more common neoplasms that may mimic it, prostatic stromal sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bladder and prostate neoplasms because of its dismal prognosis
Nervous Nipple: Pseudopolythelia Caused by a Neurofibroma of the Areola
No full textThe presence of a supernumerary nipple inside the original areola is a rare condition termed intra-areolar polythelia. Rarely, a lesion can macroscopically resemble a nipple. We report a case of a solitary neurofibroma (by itself rare in the areola) mimicking a second, twin nipple. In this case, these 2 rare conditions merge resulting in pseudopolythelia. The relevant literature on polythelia and neurofibromas of the breast is briefly reviewed
ADVoIP: Adversarial Detection of Encrypted and Concealed VoIP
No full textA network attacker wants to transmit Voice-over-IP (VoIP) traffic streams covertly. He tries to evade the detection system by manipulating the VoIP streams through padding, shifting, and splitting operations, so as to conceal them amidst the Internet traffic. A defender wants to detect the manipulated VoIP streams. Tackling this problem from an adversarial perspective, we provide two contributions: 1) we obtain a highly stylized representation of VoIP streams in terms of transmission frequency F and packet length L , and characterize the F, L region achievable by the attacker's transformation and 2) We formulate the VoIP detection game, and find both theoretical conditions and a practical algorithm to find the Nash equilibrium of the game. As a result, we are able to design an optimal (from the adversarial perspective) algorithm for VoIP detection, which is nicknamed as ADVoIP. Simulations over real network traces, and comparison with existing approaches, show the effectiveness of the proposed approach
Adversarial Kendall's Model towards Containment of Distributed Cyber-Threats
No full textThis work examines propagation of cyber-threats over networks under an adversarial formulation. Exploiting Kendall's birth-death-immigration model, we propose an analytical framework to describe the stochastic dynamics of cyber-threat propagation in a collection of heterogeneous sub-networks characterized by different attributes. We propose two formalisations of the problem as zero-sum games involving two adversaries: an attacker, who launches cyber-threats across the distinct sub-networks; and a defender, who tries to mitigate the threats by delivering suitable countermeasures. According to the first formalisation, the interplay between the defender and the attacker is modelled as a Stackelberg leader-follower game, while the second formalisation considers a strategic game wherein the two contenders play simultaneously without knowing the choice of the other player. We derive the equilibrium strategies for both versions of the game, and discuss a number of insightful interplays and ramifications of the different equilibrium points for the problem at hand. The equilibrium strategies depend on three fundamental attributes: i ) the available resource budget of the attacker and the defender; ii ) the capacity of the legitimate nodes to (unintentionally) forward the threat across the network, after they have been compromised during the propagation of the threat; iii ) the intrinsic characteristics of the sub-networks, namely, their immunity to the attacks, their inertia in responding to the countermeasures, and the importance of the individual sub-networks. The relevance of the proposed solution is illustrated through a series of examples and numerical simulations
Fine needle aspiration of a metastatic mucinous tumour of the thyroid gland from ovarian adenocarcinoma: A potential pitfall in the differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms [2]
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