1,720,967 research outputs found
Le Centre d’Études Médiévales de Prague / Centrum medievistických studií (CMS)
Get PDFLe CMS, ou Centre d’Études Médiévales en français, a été créé le 1er juillet 1998 conjointement par la faculté de lettres de l’Université Charles (Prague) et le département de philosophie de l’Académie des sciences de la République tchèque, afin de faire collaborer les chercheurs et spécialistes de ces deux institutions distinctes dans une visée pluridisciplinaire. Le CMS est un lieu de rencontre offrant à son public l’accès à une riche bibliothèque qui sert aussi, avec une capacité d’accueil..
Manuscriptorium
Get PDFGéré par la Bibliothèque nationale de la République tchèque (Národní knihovna âeské republiky) et techniquement assuré par l’entreprise AIPBeroun, Manuscriptorium a pour mission première de rendre accessible sur internet un ensemble de documents historiques (manuscrits, livres imprimés anciens, incunables, cartes, chartes, etc.) conservés dans plusieurs établissements européens. Cette bibliothèque numérique était initialement la réponse donnée par le ministère tchèque de la culture au projet ..
The League of Lords between Feudalism and the Modern State: Diversity of State Models, Political Agency, and Opposition in Late Medieval Bohemia (1394–1405)
No full textTraditionally, the League of the Lords (Panska jednota) is perceived as having been in opposition to the development of the modern state and as an embodiment of feudalism, which stood in stark opposition to rational modernization. In this paper, in line with the anarchist anthropology of David Graeber and James C. Scott, I would like to show that the nobles were not necessarily conservatives hostile to modernity but rather were political actors who were aware of their choices and who rejected changes not out of a mechanical conservatism but out of a motivated hostility to the modern state. Without losing sight of the pragmatic character of political events and alliances, I am therefore interested in this opposition group and, in particular, in the ways in which it justified its positions and sought to depict itself. Through an analysis of concrete events that occurred in Bohemia, this paper aims to challenge the linear doctrine on the development of the modern state as an unquestioned evolutionary development and thus reassess the possibility of (real) opposition and alternatives to the dominant model
Corriger le roi. La doléance comme source de légitimation de la noblesse de Bohême dans la Chronique de Dalimil (vers 1309-1313)
No full textCet article aborde la thématique de la plainte politique par le biais de la Chronique de Dalimil, texte écrit comme un programme politique en faveur de la noblesse de Bohême au début du xive siècle. Dans ce texte, la doléance apparaît comme la prérogative de la noblesse et comme un régulateur des rapports de cette dernière avec le souverain. Par son biais, les seigneurs dénoncent les dysfonctionnements et les injustices commises par le roi. Se dessine alors une ligne de démarcation opposant le bon gouvernement, dans lequel la plainte va jusqu’au duc/roi, au mauvais gouvernement, dans lequel la formulation de la doléance est entravée, contraignant les seigneurs à user d’expédients plus brutaux pour obtenir justice. L’idée d’un contrat engageant le souverain et la « communauté du royaume », entité abstraite limitée aux nobles qui matérialisait la société politique, est au cœur du processus. Mais c’est à la noblesse qu’il revient de veiller au respect du contrat et d’intervenir si le souverain ne tient pas ses engagements
La Chronique de Dalimil et les débuts de l’historiographie nationale tchèque en langue vulgaire
Get PDFCette analyse s’appuie sur la Chronique de Dalimil, première chronique rédigée en tchèque au début du XIVe siècle. Nous avons pris comme point de départ la problématique posée par la naissance d’une littérature en langue vulgaire dans l’Europe chrétienne, pour réfléchir sur les formes prises par cette littérature nouvelle et le public qu’elle vise ; et, en amont, pour déterminer quels facteurs ont été décisifs et quelles réponses les auteurs entendaient apporter à travers une telle initiative..
The Justification of Tyrannicide in the Chronicle of Dalimil. The Czech Nobility as the “Mystical Body” of the Realm
No full textThe chronicle of the so-called Dalimil is the first chronicle written in the Czech language, dating from the early 14th century. In the context of the succession crisis (interregnum of 1306-1310) entailed by the death of Venceslas III, murdered without descent, and the extinction of the Přemyslide dynasty, its author's plane was to establish the political role of the Czech nobility. Next to the emphasis on the election of the ruler by the Lords, the justification of the tyrannicide had to play a crucial role. In front of a king who could be weak (Henry of Carinthie), foreign (John the Blind) or too young (Venceslas II at the beginning of his reign), the nobility had to embody the durability of the State, the "community of the realm", in a dialectic that connected the Lords in the idea of constituting the "mystic body of king". In this text, the necessity of the application of the tyrannicide is not however presented as a novelty, but as a fundamental and almost moral duty of the nobility, which was abandoned because of the rise of the authoritarian exercise of the power by the ruler when the duchy of Bohemia became a KingdomA crónica do chamado Dalimil é primeira crónica escrita em língua checa, datando de inícios do século XIV. No contexto da crise de sucessão (interregno de 1306-1310) criada pela morte de Venceslau III, assassinado sem descendência, e pela extinção da dinastia Přemyslide, o objectivo do autor da crónica era estabelecer o papel político da Nobreza checa. Após enfatizar a eleição do Rei pelos nobres, a justificação do tiranicídio tinha de desempenhar um papel central. Perante um Rei que podia ser fraco (Henrique de Carinthie), estrangeiro (João, o Cego), ou muito jovem (Venceslau II no início do seu reinado), a nobreza do reino tinha de garantir a estabilidade do Estado e a “comunidade do reino”, numa dialéctica que os apresentava como se fossem “o corpo místico do rei”. Nesta Crónica, a necessidade do tiranicídio não é apresentada, porém, como uma novidade, mas como um dever fundamental e quase moral da Nobreza, que fora abandonado devido ao exercício autoritário do poder pelo monarca, quando o ducado da Boémia se transformara num rein
“The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly” – The Impossible Term “Propaganda” and Its Popular and Anti-Royal Uses in Luxembourg Bohemia (ca. 1390–1421)
No full textThe article follows two paths. First, it deals with the genealogy of the concept of propaganda and the ambiguities and vagaries of the term associated with it. On the one hand, this concept is decisively shaped by modern prerequisites. On the other hand, it has characteristics that make it a timeless element of political communication. Because of the strong influence of modern phenomena on what we have come to understand as propaganda, the application of this term to premodern examples works only if the communicative context is emphasized, including the historical and social background, the strategies of the propagandist, the propagandist’s sense of the most effective means of swaying a certain target public, etc. Second, the focus is on parallel manifestations of propaganda in Bohemian society in the decades before the Hussite Wars (1390–1420). One can identify two of the functions of the propaganda of the time: it was used to deepen and spread the Hussite reformist thinking among the general population and to subject the respective Luxembourg kings, Wenceslas IV and Sigismund of Luxembourg, to harsh criticism. There were few points of contact between the two forms of propaganda used to further these two goals, since they addressed different social groups, but their effectiveness clearly demonstrates how far-reaching the impact of political propaganda could be in the fifteenth century
A justificação do tiranicídio na ‘crónica de Dalimil’. A nobreza checa como o ‘corpo místico’ do reino
No full textThe chronicle of the so-called Dalimil is the first chronicle written in the Czech language, dating from the early 14th century. In the context of the succession crisis (interregnum of 1306-1310) entailed by the death of Venceslas III, murdered without descent, and the extinction of the Přemyslide dynasty, its author’s plane was to establish the political role of the Czech nobility. Next to the emphasis on the election of the ruler by the Lords, the justification of the tyrannicide had to play a crucial role. In front of a king who could be weak (Henry of Carinthie), foreign (John the Blind) or too young (Venceslas II at the beginning of his reign), the nobility had to embody the durability of the State, the "community of the realm", in a dialectic that connected the Lords in the idea of constituting the "mystic body of king". In this text, the necessity of the application of the tyrannicide is not however presented as a novelty, but as a fundamental and almost moral duty of the nobility, which was abandoned because of the rise of the authoritarian exercise of the power by the ruler when the duchy of Bohemia became a Kingdom.A crónica do chamado Dalimil é primeira crónica escrita em língua checa, datando de inícios do século XIV. No contexto da crise de sucessão (interregno de 1306-1310) criada pela morte de Venceslau III, assassinado sem descendência, e pela extinção da dinastia Přemyslide, o objectivo do autor da crónica era estabelecer o papel político da Nobreza checa. Após enfatizar a eleição do Rei pelos nobres, a justificação do tiranicídio tinha de desempenhar um papel central. Perante um Rei que podia ser fraco (Henrique de Carinthie), estrangeiro (João, o Cego), ou muito jovem (Venceslau II no início do seu reinado), a nobreza do reino tinha de garantir a estabilidade do Estado e a “comunidade do reino”, numa dialéctica que os apresentava como se fossem “o corpo místico do rei”. Nesta Crónica, a necessidade do tiranicídio não é apresentada, porém, como uma novidade, mas como um dever fundamental e quase moral da Nobreza, que fora abandonado devido ao exercício autoritário do poder pelo monarca, quando o ducado da Boémia se transformara num reino
Environnement textuel et réception du texte médiéval. La deuxième vie de la Chronique de Dalimil
Get PDFCette analyse propose d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la réception de la Chronique de Dalimil grâce à l’analyse des « assemblages textuels » constitutifs des codices qui la renferment. Si l’enquête nous surprend dans un premier temps par l’importance des textes de divertissement au sein du corpus et le recul de la portée politique du texte, ce constat est néanmoins en conformité avec les transformations de la société qui avaient rendu caduc le message de Dalimil. L’écrasante majorité des textes en tchèque rend compte des progrès de la vernacularisation ainsi que du rôle des « transferts culturels » dans l’élaboration de la littérature nationale. La composition des différents codices se fait en outre le reflet de la nouvelle place prise par la littérature dans la société, dans le contexte de l’apparition des « nouveaux publics », tout en illustrant les destinées que pouvait suivre le texte, indépendamment des visées premières de son auteur. Enfin, elle montre que le processus de canonisation de l’œuvre, capable de faire le poids à côté des « hits » de la littérature européenne, était déjà largement engagé à l’orée du xve siècle.This analysis proposes to shed new light on the reception of the Chronicle of Dalimil through the analysis of the “textual collections” constituted by the codices that contain it. While we were initially surprised by the importance of texts made for entertainment within the corpus and the decline in the political scope of the text, this observation is nonetheless in conformity with the transformations of society which had rendered obsolete the message of Dalimil. The overwhelming majority of the Czech texts reflect the progress of vernacularization and the role of “cultural transfers” in the development of national literature. The composition of the different codices is also a reflection of the new place taken by literature in society, in the context of the appearance of the “new publics”, while illustrating the different fates that might befall the text, independently of the aims of its author. Finally, it shows that the process of canonization of the work, capable of competing with the “hits” of European literature, was already very much under way at the beginning of the fifteenth century
Jiří Kejř, Die mittelalterlichen Städte in den böhmischen Ländern, Gründung – Verfassung – Entwicklung
Get PDFPublié en tchèque sous le titre originel Vznik městského zřízení v českých zemích aux éditions Karolinum en 1998, cet ouvrage constitue la synthèse incontournable pour qui s’intéresse à l’histoire des villes de la Bohême médiévale. Juriste de formation, Jiří Kejř s’est ensuite spécialisé dans l’histoire du droit, en particulier celles des institutions urbaines médiévales et c’est une véritable somme qu’il nous propose avec cet ouvrage, que l’on se félicite de voir traduit dans une langue plus..
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