8 research outputs found
Parallel input/output architectures for multiprocessors
No full textThis thesis looks at several aspects of solving the Input/Output problem. The increasing processor speeds and the emerging multiprocessor machines have improved the processing power of a system at a tremendous pace. This has not been followed by corresponding improvements in other parts of the system, mainly the I/O subsystem. This could lead to a huge imbalance in the system and, if not corrected, the gains made in the processing power will be of little use as the problem solving speed will be determined by the slower I/O operations.A number of issues in solving the I/O problem are addressed in this thesis. The effects of I/O on problem solution are studied by tracing a number of applications on a multiprocessor. This study is aimed at gaining an understanding of how I/O accesses can be more efficiently done, how I/O systems need to be organized to effectively address the I/O problem and to explore compiler techniques to reduce the I/O problem. Since the I/O device speeds are not improving dramatically, the I/O power can significantly be improved only through parallel organizations. An extensive evaluation of these parallel organizations is presented. Different parallel I/O (disk) organizations are evaluated in different workloads. A methodology for interfacing I/O processors with a multiprocessor system is presented. This methodology is shown to have a number of advantages over the previous approaches. When data are distributed on multiple disks, fault tolerance becomes a problem. A new technique is presented for achieving fault tolerance in a multiple disk system. A number of compiler techniques are also proposed to reduce the I/O problem by suitable transformation of programs. A number of open problems in this area are highlighted.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:45:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Container Data Item: An Abstract Datatype for Efficient Container-based Edge Computing
No full textWe present Container Data Item (CDI), an abstract datatype that allows multiple containers to efficiently operate on a common data item while preserving their strong security and isolation semantics. Application developers can use CDIs to enable multiple containers to operate on the same data, synchronize execution among themselves, and control the ownership of the shared data item during runtime. These containers may reside on the same server or different servers. CDI is designed to support microservice based applications comprised of a set of interconnected microservices, each implemented by a separate dedicated container. CDI preserves the important isolation semantics of containers by ensuring that exactly one container owns a CDI object at any instant and the ownership of a CDI object may be transferred from one container to another only by the current CDI object owner. We present three different implementations of CDI that allow different containers residing on the same server as well containers residing on different servers to use CDI for efficiently operating on a common data item. The paper provides an extensive performance evaluation of CDI along with two representative applications, an augmented reality application and a decentralized workflow orchestrator
Partial versus total knee arthroplasty for isolated antero-medial osteoarthritis – An analysis of PROMs and satisfaction
No full textAim: This study aimed to compare the patient-reported functional outcomes and patient satisfaction after medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) versus Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), performed for anteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA) of the knee in patients from an Indian population, at a minimum 3-year follow-up. Methods: This is a prospective matched cohort study (1:2 ratio). One hundred and one UKA cases were matched to 206 TKA cases by propensity score matching for age, body mass index (BMI), gender distribution, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The primary outcome (Oxford knee score, OKS) was assessed at a 3-year follow-up, along with secondary outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] Score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Anterior Knee Pain (Kujala) score, patient satisfaction, and revision rate at the final follow-up). Results: The UKA group was superior to the TKA group in patient-reported functional outcomes based on the OKS (p = 0.004). Using the FJS score, UKA was more likely to be a forgotten joint compared to TKA (p < 0.001). However, differences in the OKS and FJS did not meet the reported minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds. Quality of life (EuroQol-5D VAS scale) was found to be significantly higher in the UKA group (p < 0.001). Patients in the UKA group were more likely to be very satisfied (75.2%) versus the TKA group (62.1%, p = 0.023). Conclusion: For AMOA, UKA was associated with improved patient satisfaction compared to TKA. Although patient-reported outcome measures were statistically in favour of UKA over TKA, the differences were not clinically significant. Multicenter and randomized studies comparing the two procedures are warranted.
Evidence: Level-II Therapeuti
Robotic-assisted versus conventional hip arthroplasty: a comparative analysis of perioperative blood management and early outcomes
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty (RATHA) versus Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty (CTHA) on perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, and early clinical outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a high-volume tertiary care center from January 2021 to January 2023. A total of 200 patients undergoing primary THA were equally divided into RATHA (using the MAKO SmartRobotics system) and CTHA cohorts. Propensity score matching adjusted for demographics and baseline characteristics, resulting in 172 matched patients. Primary outcomes included changes in perioperative hemoglobin, estimated blood loss (EBL), and transfusion rates. Secondary outcomes assessed were operative time, length of stay, and transfusion-related adverse events. Results: The RATHA group demonstrated significantly lower post-operative hemoglobin drops (2.49 ± 0.6 g/dL vs. 3.38 ± 1.0 g/dL; p < 0.001), reduced EBL on post-operative day 3 (1125.52 ± 361.2 mL vs. 1611.12 ± 501.4 mL; p < 0.0001), and lower transfusion rates (7.96% vs. 20.4%; p = 0.0175) compared to the CTHA group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the RATHA group (68.01 ± 8.7 minutes vs. 77.1 ± 10.5 minutes; p < 0.0001). All robotic cohort patients were discharged within 3 days, whereas 14% of CTHA patients required extended hospitalization. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RATHA) significantly reduces perioperative blood loss, hemoglobin drop, and blood transfusion rates compared to conventional total hip arthroplasty (CTHA). The observed decrease in operative time and hospital stay in the RATHA group further suggests that robotic assistance may enhance procedural efficiency and support faster patient recovery
Robotic-assisted versus conventional hip arthroplasty: a comparative analysis of perioperative blood management and early outcomes
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty (RATHA) versus Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty (CTHA) on perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, and early clinical outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a high-volume tertiary care center from January 2021 to January 2023. A total of 200 patients undergoing primary THA were equally divided into RATHA (using the MAKO SmartRobotics system) and CTHA cohorts. Propensity score matching adjusted for demographics and baseline characteristics, resulting in 172 matched patients. Primary outcomes included changes in perioperative hemoglobin, estimated blood loss (EBL), and transfusion rates. Secondary outcomes assessed were operative time, length of stay, and transfusion-related adverse events. Results: The RATHA group demonstrated significantly lower post-operative hemoglobin drops (2.49 ± 0.6 g/dL vs. 3.38 ± 1.0 g/dL; p < 0.001), reduced EBL on post-operative day 3 (1125.52 ± 361.2 mL vs. 1611.12 ± 501.4 mL; p < 0.0001), and lower transfusion rates (7.96% vs. 20.4%; p = 0.0175) compared to the CTHA group. Operative time was significantly shorter in the RATHA group (68.01 ± 8.7 minutes vs. 77.1 ± 10.5 minutes; p < 0.0001). All robotic cohort patients were discharged within 3 days, whereas 14% of CTHA patients required extended hospitalization. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RATHA) significantly reduces perioperative blood loss, hemoglobin drop, and blood transfusion rates compared to conventional total hip arthroplasty (CTHA). The observed decrease in operative time and hospital stay in the RATHA group further suggests that robotic assistance may enhance procedural efficiency and support faster patient recovery
Indian Hand Anthropometry: Computer Tomography-Based Morphometric Analysis of Metacarpal
No full textIntroduction Metacarpal fractures are common and have various treatment options, but understanding their morphometry is crucial for optimizing fixation techniques and reducing complications. Accurate assessment of metacarpal anatomy is challenging in conventional radiographs but feasible with computed tomography (CT) scans, which offer precise views. This study aimed to provide accurate anatomical data on metacarpals within an Indian population using CT scans and to compare the results with existing literature. The findings have implications for surgical procedures, including plating, pinning, and intramedullary screw fixation
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Relative frequency of avascular necrosis of the hip as indication for primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in the USA vs. India
No full textIntroduction: Background: Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is performed for a variety of pathologies. Oste-oarthritis (OA) is the most common indication for THA in the United States of America (USA). The study aims to establish the incidence of indications for THA in the USA as compared to India and to assess whether Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the Hip is a more frequent indication for THA in India than in the USA. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database (USA) and two Indian databases (one national and one regional) were analyzed to identify all patients who underwent primary THA within the databases. The relative frequencies of each indication for THA were determined. The patients' demographics and risk factors for AVN of the hip were recorded and assessed. The data were then compared across the patients in the USA and the patients in India. Results: 225,061 primary THA patients were identified in the USA database and 20,288 in the Indian database. The proportion of primary THA performed for AVN in the American database (5.97%) was significantly lower than the proportion of THA performed for AVN in the Indian database (51.8%). Conclusion: The relative frequency of AVN as an indication for THA is significantly higher in India than in the USA. It is important to recognize the differences in relative indications for THA between world populations, as outcomes after THA among Eastern populations of the world may not be equivalent to ones seen in their Western counterparts
