1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The efficacy of traditionally used Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae) against Haemonchus contortus and Microbial pathogens
Full text linkThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.Haemonchus contortus is globally the most important economic parasite of sheep and is characterised by its ability to induce severe production losses. Current remedies are faced with resistance and the cost of using these treatments is excessive for poorer/smaller scale farmers. To this extent new anthelmintics that are effective against resistant Haemonchus need to be discovered. From previous studies, it has been established that herbal remedies may serve as a source of these alternate remedies. For this study thirteen tree species use traditionally to treat helminthosis were selected for evaluation. These species were: Brachylaena discolor DC., Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey. ex Arn., Clerodendrum glabrum E. Mey., Clausena anisata (Wild.) Hook.f. ex Benth., Cyathea dregei Kunze, Heteromorpha trifoliata (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. abyssinica (A.Rich.), Indigofera frutescens L.f, Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh., Milletia grandis E.Mey, Melia azedarach, Maesa lanceolata Forssk., Strychnos mitis S. Moore, Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb). Harv.
The antiparasitic activity of leaf extracts of the selected plants species were determined using the egg hatch and larval development inhibitory assay recommended by the World Association for Veterinary Parasitology Guidelines. The selected plant species were also evaluated for possible activity against three fungal pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) and four bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using a microplate serial dilution method, antioxidant activity using the TEAC method and cytotoxicity was determined using a MTT colorimetric method. From preferential in vitro activity the mechanism of action of the leaf extracts of L. sericea was evaluated through the use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In vivo activity of the safe leaf extracts of L.sericea was also concurrently evaluated for efficacy in a sheep model of haemonchosis. Finally in an attempt at isolating active compound(s), the extracts of L. sericea were fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and chloroform and evaluated as for the crude extracts. The best fraction was hereafter selected for isolation of bioactive compounds using open column chromatography.
The extracts of three plant species i.e. H. trifoliata, M. lanceolata and L. sericea had EC50 values of 0.62 mg/ml, 0.72 mg/ml and 1.08 mg/ml respectively for the egg hatch assay. Clausena anisata and C. glabrum extracts were active with EC50s of 1.08 mg/ml and 1.48 mg/ml respectively. In the larval development assay the H. trifoliata extract was the most effective with an EC50 of 0.64 mg/ml followed by L. sericea’s 1.27 mg/ml. Based on the cytotoxicity results C. anisata was the least toxic with an LC50 of 0.17 mg/ml, while Cyathea dregei was the most toxic plant with an LC50 of 0.003 mg/ml. The C. anisata extract had the best selectivity index with a value of 0.10 and 0.08 for the two assays, followed by H. trifoliata and L. sericea with values of 0.07, 0.07 and 0.05, 0.04. The C. dregei extract had the worst selectivity index with a value of 0.00019 for both assays. The 13 acetone leaf extracts had good antifungal activities with MIC values as low as 0.02 mg/ml for extracts of C. anisata against A. fumigatus and 0.04 mg/mL for extracts of Z. capense, C. glabrum and M. grandis against A. fumigatus. Clausena anisata extracts had a reasonable selectivity index (2.65) against A. fumigatus. It also had selective activity against A. fumigatus, an overall fungicidal activity of 98% and a total activity of 3395 mL/g against A. fumigatus. Clerodendrum glabrum, Z. capense and M. grandis extracts also had good inhibitory activity of 0.14, 0.09 and 0.28 mg/ml. Maesa lanceolata and L. sericea with an MIC of 0.02 mg/ml had the best antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Maesa lanceolata had a selectivity index of 5.20, 2.60, 2.60 and 1.30 for P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Strychnos mitis had a selectivity index of 1.08 for E. coli.
Following solvent solvent fractionation the ethyl acetate fractions of L.sericea with EC50 of 0.92 and 0.79 mg/ml against the egg and larvae of H. contortus respectively, cytotoxicity of 283.50 mg/ml and selectivity index of 308.15 and 358.86 for the egg hatch and larval development test respectively was the most active extract. Following isolation using open column chromatography, two phloroglucinol derivatives (agrimol A and G) and β-sitosterol were isolated. The egg hatch and larval development activity for agrimol A was 0.52, 0.08 mg/ml and 0.28, 0.11 mg/l for agrimols G and A.
The acetone leaf extracts of L. sericea demonstrated only partial activity in artificially infected H. contortus sheep. Using an extrapolative pharmacokinetic dosage of 109 mg/kg, a 73.1 % reduction in faecal egg count was achieved. At a dosage of 500 mg/kg a reduction of 83.5 % was achieved. In both cases the difference to control group appeared to be non-significant. No clinical signs of toxicity was observed and no mortality from treatment at this dosage.
The electron microscopy study identified changes such as the alteration and destruction of the cuticle, changes to the hypodermis, vacuoles within the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic degradation, cellular swelling and in a few cases some abnormality within the mitochondria.
This study has confirmed the potential use of a plant L. sericea extract in the treatment of Haemonchus infection in sheep. The study also demonstrated the potential of some anthelmintic extract to be an antifungal. Further studies will be required to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of this extract at higher dosages and against resistant field strains.Paraclinical SciencesPhDUnrestricte
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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