197,169 research outputs found
The Use of Hypothetical Baselines in Stated Preference Surveys
No full textResearchers using stated preference (SP) techniques have increasingly come to rely on what we call “hypothetical baselines.” By this we mean that respondents are provided with a description of a current state, or baseline, but that this baseline is intentionally not the actual state of environmental quality, health, or other condition. The researcher then poses a valuation question or choice task that is contingent, not on the existing status quo, but rather on the state of the world described in this new hypothetical baseline. In this paper, we argue that researchers using SP techniques have often used hypothetical baselines without carefully considering the cognitive challenges this poses for respondents or the difficulties this practice creates for advising policymakers. We present a simple typology of four types of SP studies, two of which rely on hypothetical baselines, and give six examples of conditions that an SP researcher may change to create a hypothetical baseline. We discuss four main reasons why SP analysts use hypothetical baselines in their research designs, plus some of the risks associated with the use of hypothetical baselines. Finally, we offer guidance for the use of hypothetical baselines in future SP surveys.stated preference, environmental valuation, health valuation, contingent valuation, choice experiments, baseline, status quo
NOTCH1 INHIBITS THE DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE BY IMPAIRING THE FORMATION OF THE ATM-FOXO3A-KAT5 COMPLEX
No full textThe DNA damage response is a pathway responsible for the maintenance of genome integrity. In my thesis I focused on the investigation of the modulation of ATM activity, a DNA damage response master kinase, by NOTCH1 receptor.
Here I show that NOTCH1 inhibits DNA damage response activation. This inhibitory effect of NOTCH1 is not mediated by its transcriptional activity, but it is the result of direct binding between NOTCH1 and ATM kinase. I show that NOTCH1 binds to the FATC domain of ATM, and this results in an inhibition of ATM kinase activity. Furthermore, I provide evidence that NOTCH1-mediated ATM inhibition does not result from the impairment of ATM recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks. Rather, I show that NOTCH1 competes with FOXO3a transcription factor for the binding to the FATC domain of ATM and that over-expression of FOXO3a prevents NOTCH1-mediated ATM inhibition. As the exact function of FOXO3a in ATM activation was unclear, I sought to understand molecular mechanisms underlying NOTCH1-mediated ATM inactivation and the role of FOXO3a as an opposing factor in this process. I discovered that FOXO3a forms a direct complex with KAT5 lysine acetyl transferase that is critical for ATM activation upon DNA damage. Moreover, I observed that FOXO3a was necessary for the formation of a complex between ATM and KAT5. Surprisingly, I observed that NOTCH1 was not only impairing ATM-KAT5 interaction, but also FOXO3a-KAT5 one. This unexpected observation led me to the discovery that FOXO3a-KAT5 interaction is restricted to the formation of this three-protein complex together with the ATM kinase. Next, I demonstrated that induction of FOXO3a nuclear localization as well as inhibition of NOTCH1 increases ATM activation in NOTCH1-driven cancer cells, which leads to augmented DNA damage-induced cell death.
Finally, I show that, in addition to ATM, NOTCH1 interacts also with other PI3K-like kinases: DNA-PKcs and ATR. Although I did not observe a significant impact of NOTCH1 on ATR kinase activation in the experimental settings I used, I observed an impaired activation of DNA-PKcs, which however did not result in a significant reduction of DNA damage repair in NOTCH1-expressing cells
Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children's Environmental Health Risks
No full textThe recognition that environmental hazards can affect children differently and more severely than adults has provoked growing concern in industrialized nations about the impact of environmental pollution on children’s health. In this paper, commissioned by the OECD, we are charged with examining “economic uncertainties” associated with valuing the benefits of environmental policies that reduce risk to children’s health. We examine two sources of uncertainty in benefits estimation: forecasting uncertainty and modeling uncertainty. We explore how these sources of uncertainty affect the use of standard economic and non-economic approaches to the valuation of health benefits. These include willingness-to-pay measures, cost-of-illness and human-capital measures, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and related non-economic measures.willingness to pay, QALY, children, social welfare function, health valuation, environmental health, household behavior
Paris, 17e arrondissement : historique et pittoresque / Serge Adamowicz
No full textContient une table des matièresAvec mode text
Modeling Hole Transport in Wet and Dry DNA
No full textWe present a DFT/classical molecular dynamics model of DNA charge conductivity. The model involves a temperature-driven, hole-hopping charge transfer and includes the time-dependent nonequilibrium interaction of DNA with its molecular environment. We validate our method against a variety of hole transport experiments. The method predicts a significant hole-transfer slowdown of ∼35% from dry to wet DNA with and without electric field bias. In addition, in agreement with experiments, it also predicts an insulating behavior of (GC)N oligomers for 40 < N < 1000, depending on the experimental setup
Household Decision-Making and Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Parents and their Children”, U.S. EPA NCEE Working Paper Series #13-06
No full textThis paper empirically discriminates between alternative household decision-making models for estimating parents’ willingness to pay for health risk reductions for their children as well as for themselves. Models are tested using data pertaining to heart disease from a stated preference survey involving 432 matched pairs of parents married to one another. Analysis is based on a collective model of parental resource allocation that incorporates household production of perceived health risks and allows for differences in preferences and risk perceptions between parents. Results are consistent with Pareto efficiency within the household, which implies that (1) for a given proportionate reduction in health risk, parents are willing to pay the same amount of money at the margin to protect themselves and the child; and (2) parents’ choices about proportionate health risk reductions for their children are based on household valuations, rather than their own individual valuations. Results also suggest that the marginal willingness to pay of mothers and fathers for health risk protection is sensitive to a shift in intra-household decision-making power between parents
Search for rare liver diseases: the case of glycosylation defects mimicking Wilson Disease ->.
No full textPediatric hepatology appears to be a very specific field of paediatrics which deals mainly with rare diseases although clinical features can be commonly found - like increased activity of transaminases. Some of these rare diseases like Wilson disease are commonly looked for and recently Wilsonian like phenotypes have been described which additionally presented with abnormal glycosylation of the plasma protein transferrin. In a subgroup of those patients with specific additional clinical symptoms (cleft uvula, low blood sugar, rhabdomyolysis and dilated cardiomyopathy) phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency was identified. We recommend screening for abnormal glycosylation of the plasma protein transferrin in children with unexplained liver injury
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
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