1,720,961 research outputs found
Prediction of Diabetes Remission at Long Term Following Biliopancreatic Diversion
No full textImportance In obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the marked weight loss following bariatric surgery is accompanied in a consistent number of cases by T2DM resolution or control. The clinical need of preoperative parameters reliable in predicting a positive metabolic outcome at long term followingthe operation has then emerged. Observation A cohort of 135 consecutive T2DM patients with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) at more than 5 years following biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) was considered.The 5-year-T2DM resolution, defined as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) lower than 6.5% without antidiabetic therapy, was related to demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical findings prior to the operation. The long-term metabolic outcome was positively related to baseline BMI values and negatively with the preoperative use of insulin. Conclusion BMI and insulin therapy at the time of surgery are associated with the probability of T2DM long lasting remission and could be used as solid predictors before surgery. In the overweight and non morbidly obese diabetic patients, bariatric surgery is less efficient in determining long term T2DM resolution than in their morbid obese counterparts
Type 2 Diabetes Remission and Control in Overweight and in Mildly Obese Diabetic Patients at Long-Term Follow-Up After Biliopancreatic Diversion
No full textBACKGROUND: In severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the metabolic benefits after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) are due to mechanisms independent of weight loss. Therefore, the anti-diabetic effect of BPD in overweight or mildly obese T2DM patients was investigated.
METHODS: Ninety T2DM patients with BMI 25-35 underwent BPD and were evaluated 1 and 5 years after the operation (follow-up rate 100 and 83%, respectively).
RESULTS: T2DM control (Hb1Ac < 7%) and remission (Hb1Ac < 6 without antidiabetics) was observed in 86.6 and 65% of cases at 1 year and 64.0% and 26.5% at 5 years, respectively. The long-term T2DM remission was predicted by baseline BMI value. Both before BPD and throughout the follow-up period, HOMA values were similar in the metabolically successful and unsuccessful subjects, while C-peptide normalized for FBG value as a marker of beta cell mass and insulin secretion increased progressively only in the former from 1.06 ± 0.64 to 1.44 ± 1.08 mcg/l ml/dl-1 * 100 (p < 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: In T2DM patients with BMI of 25-35, a positive metabolic outcome is less frequent than in their counterparts with morbid obesity. In T2DM overweight patients, in spite of a short-term normalization of FBG and HbA1c levels and a well-sustained increase of insulin sensitivity, a long-term T2DM relapse occurs in the majority of the cases. While the surgically obtained decrease in insulin resistance leads to T2DM control in half of the patients, the increase in insulin secretion is mandatory for T2DM stable remission
Body weight at developmental age in siblings born to mothers before and after surgically induced weight loss
No full textBACKGROUND: To gain insight into the role of epigenetic factors in determining body weight in adolescence, we studied the body weight of siblings born to the same mother before and after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) for obesity. The study was performed in a university hospital during a 20-year period.
METHODS: The siblings born before and after BPD were retrospectively rated by their mother as normal, overweight, or obese at 1, 6, and 12 years.
RESULTS: At 1 and 6 years, the body weight was rated as similar in the subsets. However, at 12 years of age, a greater percentage of those born before BPD were considered overweight (42% versus 33%) and obese (22% versus 3%; P <.009) than their counterparts born after BPD. Considering only the subjects aged 21-25 years at the study period, the body weight and body mass index in subjects born before BPD were greater (P <.02 and P <.012, respectively) than in those born after BPD (79.5 ± 16.5 kg versus 66.7 ± 11.8 kg, and 27.5 ± 3.9 kg/m(2) versus 23.4 ± 3.7 kg/m(2), respectively).
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study, in which the influences of the genetic pattern and environmental and educational factors were minimized, show that adolescents born to post-BPD mothers weigh less than their siblings born to the same mother before BPD when she was still obese. An insulin-resistant milieu during pregnancy could account for the greater body weight later in adolescence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effects of Gastric Bypass on Type 2. Diabetes in Patients with BMI 30 to 35
No full textBACKGROUND:
This study aims to investigate if the benefits on glycemic control following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in morbidly obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients are maintained in the 30-35 kg/m2 BMI (body mass index) range, comparing results with those in literature.
METHODS:
The study participants were twenty T2DM patients aging 35-70 years, BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m2, minimum diabetes duration 3 years, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥7.5 % despite good clinical practice medical therapy, submitted to laparoscopic RYGB, and monitored during 36 months. Twenty-seven matched diabetic patients as controls.
RESULTS:
Five females, mean age 57 (42-69) years, weight 96.0 (70-111) kg, BMI 32.9 (30.3-34.9) kg/m2, waist circumference 112 (100-128) cm, diabetes duration 14 (3-28) years, HbA1c 9.5 (7.5-14.2) %, and C-peptide 3.2 (1,6-9.1) mcg/l. Ten patients were on insulin. There was no mortality, and there were two major late complications. BMI and waist decreased stabilizing around 25 kg/m2 and 92 cm. Fasting serum glucose and HbA1c reached values around 150 mg/dl and 7 %, which subsequently maintained. There was remission in 25 % of cases, control 45 %, and all the others improved. HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity index normalized at 1 month, then maintained. AIR and insulinogenic index showed no postoperative changes. Diabetes remission correlated negatively with duration (p < 0.05; r 2 = 0.61), while control positively with C-peptide (p < 0.05; r 2 = 0.19). In the control group, FSG, HbA1c, serum triglyceride, and cholesterol significantly decreased with considerable progressive increase of antidiabetic/antihyperlipemic therapy. All patients had HbA1c >7 % at 2-3 years.
CONCLUSIONS:
Glycemic control obtained by RYGB in this study was less good than that reported by others, apparently due to different patient selection criteria. Our results do not support RYGB weight loss-independent effect on beta-cell function in the T2DM patients with BMI 30-35 kg/m2
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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