305,692 research outputs found
Trogolaphysa clarencei Soto-Adames, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textTrogolaphysa clarencei sp. nov. Figs 3 E, 11 A–G Table 1 Etymology. The epithet honors Clarence J. Goodnight, who collected many of the species described in the present study. Material examined. Holotype in preparation, MEXICO, Veracruz, Volcan San Martin, 1067 m, 14.vii. 1953, C.J. Goodnight coll.; 1 paratype in preparation and 7 in alcohol. Description. Size up to 3.0 mm. Color pattern. Fifty years old ethanol preserved specimens (Fig. 3 E) display a reddish brown background color, with ill defined blue dots scattered throughout head, body and legs to femora; antennae and tibiotarsi solid light blue. Head. Antennae up to 2.6 x as long as head diagonal. Subapical sense organ of Ant. 4 minute, not nearly reaching upper margin of pit; guard sensillum normally large. Main sensilla on sense organ of Ant. 3 normal rods. Eyes apparently 6 + 6, eyes G and H unclear, maybe absent; eye valley with 4 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 11 B). Head dorsally (Fig. 11 A) with 5 anterior (A0, A 2, A 3, M 2, S 3) and 2 posterior (Pa 5, Pm 3) macrochaetae. Pre-labral chaetae weakly ciliate. Spines on distal margin of labrum absent. Labial triangle as M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2 A 1-5: anterior chaetae smooth; chaeta r short, thick and smooth, all other posterior chaetae long and ciliate. Post-labial field with 6–7 chaetae between columns I and O. Body. Body macrochaetae formula 73 /0244+0+ 6. Mesothorax with 1 anterior (a 5) and 6 posterior (p 3 complex) macrochaetae (Fig. 11 C). Metathorax with 3 macrochaetae forming a triangle (Fig. 11 C). Abd. 1 chaeta a 6 present. Abd. 4 (Fig. 11 F) with pseudopore in field between bothriotricha T 2 and T 4; inner macrochaetae A 3, A 5, B 4 and B 5 present; A 3 well anterior to T 2; A 5 closer to pseudopore than B 5; B 4 closer to B 5 than A 5; laterally with 6 macrochaetae. Abd. 4 posterior chaetae up to 20 + 20. Legs. Trochanteral organ square, with up to 38 chaetae. Metathoracic claw complex as in Fig 11 D: tenent hair spatulate; proportion tenent hair to unguiculus as 0.87. Unguis with 3 inner teeth; one inner basal tooth slightly longer; inner teeth spread as 34 %, 35 %, 62 %; unpaired tooth as long or shorter than shortest basal tooth. Dorsal tooth absent; lateral teeth short, ending in basal fourth of outer edge of claw. Unguiculus lanceolate and smooth (Figs 11 D–E). Furcula. Dens with 2 rows of ciliate spines: inner row with 30 spines; outer row with 24 spines. Mucro with 4 short sequential teeth (Fig. 11 G); 2.0x as long as width of tip of dens and ≈ 0.80 x as long as hind claw. Remarks. Trogolaphysa clarencei sp. nov. is the only species with 6–8 eyes, 5 anterior head macrochaetae in the combination A0, A 2, A 3, M 2, S 3, metathorax with 3 macrochaetae, Abd. 4 with 4 macrochaetae (A 3, A 5, B 4, B 5) with B 4 inserted closer to B 5 than A 5, and distal margin of labrum without spine-like projections. Trogolpahysa clarencei sp. nov. is most similar to females of T. dimorphica sp. nov., the differences between the two forms are discussed in the remarks to the latter. Differences between T. clarencei sp. nov. and other species with 5 anterior macrochaetae are listed in Table 1.Published as part of Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2015, The dorsal chaetotaxy of first instar Trogolaphysa jataca, with description of twelve new species of Neotropical Trogolaphysa (Hexapoda: Collembola: Paronellidae), pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4032 (1) on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28974
Campylothorax hexosetosus Soto-Adames, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textCampylothorax hexosetosus sp. nov. Figures 7 – 9 Etymology The epithet refers to presence of six Mc in the mesothoracic p3 complex. Material examined Holotype, slide-mounted, Dominican Republic, La Vega, Cordillera Central, Loma Casabito, 16 km NW, Bonao, 10°2'21.048''N, 70°31'5.016''W, 1487 m elevation, evergreen cloud forest, malaise trap, 28 May 2003, sample DR21182, J. Rawlins, C. Young, R. Davidson, C. Núñez, P. Acevedo; one paratype on slide, same information as holotype; two paratypes on slides and 13 adults and juveniles in alcohol as above but 19°2'22.976''N, 70°31'8.0034''W, 1455 m elevation, yellow pan trap, 28 May 2003, sample DR21262. Size. Up to 3.1 mm. Colour pattern. Background brownish, purple pigment limited to antennae, legs, gena, antero-lateral margin of meso- and metathorax and, in some individuals, lateral margin of Abd. 2. (Figure 7). Head. Antennae broken beyond second antennal segment. Head with eight Mc along antennal margin and four other Mc along inner margin of eye patch; head dorsally with eight anterior (A0, A2, A3, A5, S2, S3, S4, S5) and one posterior (Pa5) Mc, Ps5 enlarged but clearly smaller than normal Mc (Figure 8 A). Pre-labral chaetae smooth. Chaetae on sublobal plate of maxillary palp not seen. Maxilla with four lamellae: lamella 1 apically truncate, with many strong, hooked papillae (Figure 8 B); lamella 2 apically square, with papilla arranged into largely organised rows (Figure 8 C). Lateral appendage of labial papilla E not reaching tip of papilla (Figure 8 E). Labial and post-labial chaetae as in C. notidanus sp. nov. Body. Body Mc as 64/0241+7+0+5. Th. 2 dorsally flat, Th. 3 rounded (Figure 8 D), extending posteriorly to cover medial section of Abd. 1, including pseudopore. Th. 2 with six Mc in p3 complex (Figure 8 D); Th. 3 with four Mc in p2 – 3 complex. Lateral chaetae of Abd. 3 comprising one microchaeta and five macro- or mesochaetae as in Figure 8 F. Inner chaetotaxy of Abd. 4 (Figure 9 A) as in C. notidanus sp. nov., with one unpaired (M) and seven paired Mc (A1, A3, A5, A6, B3, B4, B5), spatial distribution of inner posterior Mc variable (Figure 9 B, C); laterally with five Mc (E2, E3, F1, F2, F3), Mc E4 absent (Figure 9 A). Posterior chaetae 15 – 20. Legs. Trochanteral organ with up to 47 chaetae. Pro- and metathoracic claw complexes as in C. notidanus sp. nov. Furcula. Mucro typical for genus, 1.0 – 1.5 as long as inner edge of hind claw. Remarks Campylothorax hexosetosus sp. nov. is the only member of the genus with six mesothoracic Mc in the p3 complex, Abd. 4 with Mc A3 anterior to the pseudopore, and lateral Mc E4 absent. The new species shares with C. notidanus sp. nov. the number of inner Mc on Abd. 4, but differs form that species in many other characters as listed in the remarks to C. notidanus sp. nov. and in Table 2.Published as part of Felipe N. Soto-Adames, 2016, Chaetotaxy of first-instar Campylothorax sabanus (Wray), and description of three new Campylothorax species from Hispaniola (Collembola, Paronellidae), pp. 1583-1612 in Journal of Natural History 50 (25) on pages 1598-1602, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1145272, http://zenodo.org/record/26988
Trogolaphysa stannardi Soto-Adames, 2015, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Trogolaphysa stannardi</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 3 A, 5A–G, 6A–B, Table 1</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The epithet honors Lewis J. Stannard, entomologist at the Illinois Natural History Survey whose collecting trips to Mexico in the 1950's provided a large portion of the species described in the present contribution. <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype male, slide-mounted, MEXICO, Yucatan, Chichen Itza, Berlese sample, leaf mould from moist woods and dry cenote, 25.vi.1951. L.J. Stannard coll., acc. no. 49763, INHS 579,835; 2 paratypes in preparation and 10 in alcohol (all juveniles in poor condition) with same collection information as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Size up to 2.6 mm.</p> <p> <b>Color pattern.</b> Background color in alcohol preserved individuals light brown (Fig. 3 A), with light blue pigment on hind coxae and lateral margin of Abd. 1; distal margin of Ant. 1, whole of Ant. 2-4 and tibiotarsi evenly light blue</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Antennae up to 2.6x head length. Subapical sense organ not see. Sensilla in sense organ Ant. 3 normal rods. Eyes 6 (Fig. 5 B), eyes G and H absent; eye valley with 4–5 ciliate chaetae. Head dorsally with 6 anterior (A0, A2, A3, M2, S3, S5; Fig. 5 A) and 1 posterior (Pa5; Fig. 5 B) macrochaetae. Pre-labral chaetae ciliate. Denticles on distal margin of labrum fused basally, Y-shaped (Figs. 5 E–F). Labial triangle with M1M2M3M4rEL1L2A1–5 (Fig. 5 G); r stout, rather large and smooth, all other posterior chaetae ciliate. Post-labial field with 6–7 ciliate chaetae between columns I and O.</p> <p> <b>Body.</b> Body macrochaetae (4-5)2/0244+0+6. Mesothorax (Figs. 5 C), with 1 anterior (a5) and 4-5 posterior (p3 complex) macrochaetae; inner most anterior chaetae in p3 complex a microchaetae in smallest female (Fig. 5 C middle inset). Metathorax (Fig. 5 C) with 2 (p2, p3) macrochaetae. Abd. 1 chaeta a6 absent. Abd. 4 (Fig. 6 A) with pseudopore inserted in field just posterior to T4; inner macrochaetae A3, A5, B4 and B5 (Fig. 6 A) present; A3 well anterior to T2; A5 inserted posterior to pseudopore; B4 inserted closer to B5 than to A5; in smaller individuals (1.9 and 2.2 mm) B4 much closer to B5 (Fig. 6 A inset) than in larger individuals; 6 large lateral macrochaetae present. Abd. 4 posterior chaetae 10–11+10–11.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Trochanteral organ with up to 27 chaetae. Metathoracic claw complex as in Fig 6 B: tenent hair spatulate on all legs, 1.2x as long as unguiculus; claws with 4 inner teeth, basal teeth subequal, small; proximal unpaired tooth shorter than basal teeth; distal unpaired tooth inconspicuous; inner teeth spread as 47%, 47%, 75%, 87%. Dorsal and lateral teeth ending on basal quarter of unguis, lateral teeth well developed. Unguiculus lanceolate, narrow in females (Fig. 6 B), normal in male; posterior edge smooth in females, serrate in male.</p> <p> <b>Furcula.</b> Dens with 2 rows of ciliate spines: largest individual with 33 spines in inner row and 25 in outer row. Mucro with 4 teeth, basal teeth paired (Fig. 5 D); mucro square, 1.6–1.9x as long as width of distal end of dens and 0.79x as long as inner margin of metathoracic unguis.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Trogolaphysa stannardi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is the only Neotropical member of the genus with 6–8 eyes, 6 anterior dorsal head macrochaetae, 4–5 mesothoracic, and 2 metathoracic macrochaetae. <i>Trogolaphysa quisqueyana</i> Soto-Adames, Jordana & Baquero, 2014 is the only other eyed species with 6 anterior head macrochaetae, but it carries 6 macrochaetae in the p3 complex of the mesothorax and lacks metathoracic macrochaetae. The color pattern of <i>T. stannardi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is similar to that of <i>T. clarencei</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>T. dimorphica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, but the three species differ in the number and identity of dorsal head macrochaetae, number of labial triangle chaetae in series M, presence or absence and shape of distal labral denticles, and number of meso- and metathoracic macrochaetae. Additional diagnostic characters for species with 6–8 eyes and 5–6 anterior head macrochaetae are provided in Table 1.</p>Published as part of <i>Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2015, The dorsal chaetotaxy of first instar Trogolaphysa jataca, with description of twelve new species of Neotropical Trogolaphysa (Hexapoda: Collembola: Paronellidae), pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4032 (1)</i> on pages 8-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/289744">http://zenodo.org/record/289744</a>
Trogolaphysa paracarpenteri Soto-Adames, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textTrogolaphysa paracarpenteri sp. nov. Figs. 4 E, 16 A–H Table 4 Etymology. The epithet refers to the similarity with T. carpenteri. Material examined. Holotype male in preparation, MEXICO, Chiapas, Ocosingo Valley, Finca El Real, floodplain debris, 1–7.vii. 1950, C. & M. Goodnight and J. Stannard, coll., INHS 579,830; 2 paratypes in preparation and 20, mostly small juveniles, in alcohol. Description. Size up to 1.9 mm. Color pattern. Uniformly blue, sometimes with lighter stripes (Fig. 4 E). Head. Antennae up to 2.9 x as long as head diagonal. Ant. 4 subapical sense organ weakly capitate, almost reaching upper margin of pit; guard sensillum not seen. Main sensilla in Ant. 3 sense organ globose (Fig. 16 C). Eyes 8 + 8, eyes G and H greatly reduced; eye well with 4–5 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 16 A). Head dorsally (Fig. 16 A) with 2 anterior (A0, A 2) and 2 posterior (Pa 5, Pm 3) macrochaetae. Pre-labral chaetae ciliate. Distal margin of labrum with 1 + 1 spines with partially fused base (Fig. 16 B). Labial triangle as M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2 A 1–5: chaeta r short, thick and smooth; all other posterior chaetae long and ciliate. Post-labial field with 5–6 chaetae between columns I and O. Body. Macrochaeta formula as 60 /0243+0+ 6. Mesothorax with 1 anterior (a 5) and 5 posterior (p 3 complex) macrochaetae (Fig. 16 E). Metathorax without macrochaetae. Abd. 1 chaeta a 6 obscured, apparently absent. Abd. 4 (Figs. 16 G–H) with pseudopore in field posterior to bothriotrix T 4; with inner macrochaetae A 3, A 5 and B 5; macrochaeta A 5 closer to pseudopore than to macrochaeta B 5; laterally with 6 macrochaetae; posterior chaetae present but actual number unclear. Legs. Trochanteral organ with at least 15 chaetae. Metathoracic claw complex as in Fig 16 F; tenent hair spatulate, 0.92 x as long as unguiculus; unguis with 3 inner teeth; basal paired teeth drawn out, needle-shape, one basal tooth longer than other; unpaired tooth as long or shorter than shortest basal tooth; inner teeth spread as 38 %, 42 %, 64 %; dorsal tooth small, barely projecting; lateral teeth inconspicuous. Unguiculus lanceolate, smooth or very weakly serrate. Furcula. Dens with 2 rows of ciliate spines: inner row with 21 spines; outer row with 17 spines. Mucro with 4 teeth, basal teeth sequential (Fig. 16 D); mucro 2.1 x as long as distal end of dens and 0.96 x as long as inner edge of hind legs. Remarks. Trogolaphysa paracarpenteri sp. nov. is the only New World member of the genus with 6–8 eyes, inner labral papilla fused into a short pedicel and mesothorax p 3 complex with 5 macrochaetae. This species differs from T. carpenteri in the original sense of Denis (1925) in color pattern (Denis species is yellowish brown whereas T. paracarpenteri sp. nov. is blue), however there are so many gaps in the 1925 description of T. carpenteri that additional meaningful comparisons are impossible. The new species is also similar to specimens identified by Yoshii (1988) as T. carpenteri. The two forms share the color pattern and anterior head macrochaetae (the only aspect of the dorsal chaetotaxy described by Yoshii), but differ in the ornamentation of pre-labral chaetae (smooth in T. carpenteri, ciliate in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov.), shape of distal labral spines (separated in T. carpenteri, basally fused in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov.), shape of ungual teeth (subequal in carpenteri, one larger in paracarpenteri sp. nov.) and shape of unguiculus (narrow lanceolate in T. carpenteri, wide lanceolate in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov.). The new species is also similar to T. subterranea (Mari Mutt, 1987), but this species lacks distal labral spines (present in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov.), and the paired ungual teeth are keel-shaped (needleshaped in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov.). Trogolaphysa paracarpenteri sp. nov. has the same color pattern as T. octosetosa sp. nov., the differences between these two species, and all other species with 6–8 eyes and 2 anterior head macrochaetae are detailed in Table 4 and discussed in the remarks to T. octosetosa sp. nov. below.Published as part of Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2015, The dorsal chaetotaxy of first instar Trogolaphysa jataca, with description of twelve new species of Neotropical Trogolaphysa (Hexapoda: Collembola: Paronellidae), pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4032 (1) on pages 29-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28974
Pseudosinella meganporteri Soto-Adames, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textPseudosinella meganporteri sp. nov. Figs 21–33, Table 4 Material Examined. Holotype: RANDOLPH Co., Simmon’s-Mingo Cave, 6–25 July 2005, D. Culver, D. Fong & H. Hobbs, col., 1 on slide. Paratypes: same collection information as the holotype, 2 individuals in alcohol. POCAHONTAS Co., Tub Cave, 2 June 2004, D. Culver, D. Cowan & H. Hobbs, col., 1 on slide; Dreen Cave, 6–25 July 2005, D. Culver, D. Fong & H. Hobbs, col., 1 on slide, 45 in alcohol, mostly in poor condition; High Hopes Cave, 6–25 July 2005, D. Culver, D. Fong & H. Hobbs, col., 1 on slide. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Megan Porter a speleobiologist currently at University of Maryland-Baltimore County and one of the primary collectors for the West Virginia cave fauna survey. Description. Length to 2.2mm; color in alcohol white, without trace of pigment. Ant. 4 subapical sensilla weakly clubbed (Fig. 21). Ant. 3 sense organ (Fig. 22) inserted in individual shallow pits and formed by two paddle-shaped sensilla, with dense raquis and thin, translucent lateral extensions; additional basally-swollen, thin walled setae present near usual sense organ. Eyes absent. Dorsal head chaetotaxy (Fig. 24) includes 10– 11 macrosetae along antennal base and macrosetae A0, A 2, A 3, M 2, S 3 and Pa 5; macrosetae M 2 displaced forward, almost forming a row with A 3; microseta A 1 ciliate; M0, S0, S 1 and S 2 smooth microsetae; S0 inserted closer to S 3 than S 2, M 1 /S 1 closer to S 3 than M 2. Prelabral setae ciliate, all labral setae smooth. Outer labral papillae larger than inner pair, both sets of papillae smooth. Pleural fold setae ciliate. Peristomal seta pss0 ciliate normal, slightly shorter than pss 1; pss 1–2 slender, ciliate, bothriotricha-like. Maxillary ungulum with 3 teeth. Lateral process of labial papilla E blunt (Fig. 23), slightly curved forward, barely reaching papillar tip. Labial palp proximal seta Z clearly shorter than seta Y (Fig. 29). Labial chaetotaxy M 1 M 2 rEL 1 L 2 A 1–5. All post-labial setae strongly ciliate (Fig. 25); 4 + 4 setae along ventral groove; column C with 3–6 setae posterior to C 1; column E with 2–5 setae; L with 3–5 setae, L 2 reduced, similar to labial r; O with 2 setae, O 1 modified as L 2. Body formula for inner macrochaetotaxy as 22 /0100+ 2. Mesothorax macrosetae p 3 and p 5 present (Fig. 26). Metathorax with macrosetae p 2 and p 3. Chaetotaxy of Abd. 1 linear, seta a 6 absent. Chaetotaxy of Abd. 2 as in Fig. 28; m 3 and m 5 normal macrosetae; a 2, a 6 and all supplementary setae fan-shaped; a 2 p absent; a 3 ciliate, external to, and reaching as; as reaching socket of macroseta m 3; m 3 e smooth or weakly ciliate, not reaching socket of m 3; p 5 p short and ciliate. Abd. 3 (Fig. 30) with a 2, a 6, am 6 and all supplementary setae fan-shaped; a 3 ciliate, anterior to and far from as; as about half the length and reaching m 3; m 3 reaching as socket; d 2 reaching p 5; im fan-shaped (triangle in Fig. 30) and subequal to em; a 7, m 7 and p 7 normal microsetae, a 7 ciliate, inserted close to, and reaching base of am 6, m 7 a a macroseta. Chaetotaxy of Abd. 4 bothriotrichal complex as in Fig. 31: setae a, m, s, and D 1 fanshaped; s posterior to a; C 1 p, T 3 and D 1 p ciliate; T 3 anterior to, and surpassing base of D 1 p; D 1 p reaching base of Pe; Pe and Pi fan-shaped. General chaetotaxy of Abd. 4 (Fig. 32) with macrosetae B 5, B 6, T 6, T 7, D 2, D 3, E 1, E 2, E 3, F 1 and F 3; macroseta B 5 anterior to line drawn between A 5 and C 2; A 5 displaced externally with respect to other setae in row A and inserted near the position usually occupied by B 5; microseta F 2 closer to E 3 than E 2. Microseta posterior to E 3 present. Abd. 4 without posterior setae. Male genital plate multisetaceous. Trochanteral organ with 21–27 setae. Metathoracic femora with three acuminate macrosetae on basal half. Foot complex as in Figures 33–34. Tenet hair acuminate, shorter than unguiculus and metathoracic posterior smooth setae. Unguiculus lanceolate with basal swelling; inner lamella weakly truncate on prothoracic legs; posterior lamella of all legs smooth. Unguis with 3 small, but distinct teeth near base: basal pair unequal in size, smaller member of pair shorter than unpaired tooth; outer teeth short and inconspicuous, not attaining base of inner teeth, visible only on anterior views. Collophore not seen clearly: anterior face apparently with at least 9 + 9 setae, lateral setae 9–10 (3–5 ciliate, others smooth), posterior face with 4 paired and 1 unpaired setae along distal margin, and 4 + 4 setae forming two columns. Manubrial plate with 5–6 outer and 2–5 inner setae separated by 2 pseudopores. Apical mucronal tooth longer and narrower than basal tooth (Fig. 27). Variation. Second abdominal segment seta m 4 i is present only in the holotype. Second abdominal segment seta Li is present only in one individual, although detached from bothriotricha a 5. Remarks. Among North American Pseudosinella only P. v i t a Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 and P. espanita Christiansen & Bellinger, 1996 are blind and have four paired dorsal head macrosetae. Pseudosinella meganporteri sp. nov. is most similar to P. espanita, but it keys out to P. vita in Christiansen and Bellinger (1998) due to the absence of an outer tooth on the unguiculus. The three forms can be easily separated by the number of body macrosetae and foot complex characters as indicated in Table 4. The single individual from Tube Cave was found together with 26 individuals of P. gisini.Published as part of Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2010, Two new species and descriptive notes for five Pseudosinella species (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryidae) from West Virginian (USA) Caves, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 2331 on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27545
Campylothorax notidanus Soto-Adames, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textCampylothorax notidanus sp. nov. Figures 4 – 6 Etymology The epithet refers to the greatly enlarged, conic metanotum. Material examined Holotype, on slide, Dominican Republic, La Vega, Cordillera Central, Loma Casabito, 15.8 km NW, Bonao, 19°2'11.976''N, 70°31'8.0034''W, 1455 m elevation, evergreen cloud forest, yellow pan trap, 28 May 2003, sample DR21262, J. Rawlins, C. Young, R. Davidson, C. Núñez, P. Acevedo; four paratypes on slides and 32 adults, subadults and juveniles in alcohol, same collection information as holotype; one paratype in alcohol, La Vega, Cordillera Central, 4.1 km SW El Convento, 19°2'15.5394''N, 70°42'48.024''W, 1730 m elevation, dense secondary evergreen forest, yellow pan trap, 31 May 2003, sample DR22262, J. Rawlins, R. Davidson, C. Young, C. Núñez and P. Acevedo. Size. Up to 4.0 mm. Colour pattern. Antennae white or lightly pigmented with purple (Figure 4 A); head light purple, Th. 2, anterio-lateral margins of Th. 3, coxae and trochanters dark purple; legs white distal to trochanter; Abd. 3 with separated medial and lateral spots or bands; Abd. 4 anteriorly with 1 – 3 paired narrow longitudinal stripes (Figure 4 A, C), sometimes reaching latero-medial patches; Abd. 4 triangular latero-medial patches (Figure 4 B, C) sometimes extending medio-posteriorly to join narrow band along posterior margin of segment (Figure 4 A); collophore and furcula white. Head. Antennae broken beyond second antennal segment. Eyes 8 (Figure 5 A), eyes G and H reduced; eye valley with five ciliate chaetae. Head with up to 11 Mc along antennal margin and four other Mc along inner margin of eye patch. Head dorsally (Figure 5 A) with seven anterior (A0, A2, A3, A5, S3, S4, S5) and one posterior (Pa5) Mc. Pre-labral chaetae finely denticulate, appearing smooth at low magnification. Labral chaetae 5, 5, 4, all smooth; chaeta length heterogeneous (Figure 5 D): proximal row (P) with middle chaeta (P0) longest and P1 shortest; medial row (M) with second chaeta (M1) longest and M2 shortest; distal row (D) with inner chaeta (D1) longer than outer chaeta (D2). Peristomal chaetae ciliate, bothriotricha-like. Proximal pleural chaeta (pps) denticulate, appearing smooth at low magnification, distal chaeta (dps) reduced, short and smooth (Figure 5 D). Basal chaeta of maxillary palp ostensibly shorter than distal chaeta (Figure 5 E); sublobal plate with two short chaetae. Maxillary head with three teeth and four lamellae; lamella 1 apically acuminate, with a subapical rounded expansion and short, straight papillae (Figure 5 B, C), lamella 2 apically rounded, densely packed with micropapillae (Figure 5 B). Lateral appendage of labial papilla E not quite reaching tip of papilla (Figure 5 F). Labial palp with five smooth proximal chaeta. Labial triangle with M1M2rEL1l2A1 – 5 (Figure 5 G); r smooth 3/4 as long as E; l2 short, spine-like. All post-labial chaetae coarsely ciliate; with six chaetae along cephalic groove. 1Species not included due to inadequate descriptions: C. camelinus Womersley, 1930 and C. shae ff eri Börner, 1906. 2 1 + 1 means there are two columns, each with one seta; 2 + 2 means there are two columns each with two setae; 2 means there is only one column along the eye margin with two setae. Body. Body Mc 23/0241+7+0+5. Th. 2-Abd. 3 tergal S-chaetae as 11/011?3, S-microchaetae as 10/10100. Th. 2 dorsally flat; Th. 3 greatly developed (Figures 4 A, B and 5H), conic, extending posteriorly to cover medial section of Abd. 1 to intersegmental membrane with Abd. 2. Th. 2 with one S-chaeta and one S-microchaeta on lateroanterior corner, and two Mc in p3 complex (Figure 5 H); Th. 3 with one latero-anterior S-chaeta and three Mc in p2-3 complex. Abd. 1 with one anterior S-microchaeta; chaeta a6 absent. Abd. 2 (Figure 5 I) with two bothriotricha (m2, a5), two Mc (m3, m5), and S-chaeta as; number and distribution of lateral microchaetae unclear. Abd. 3 (Figure 6 A) with three bothriotricha (m2, a5, m5), four Mc (m3, am6, pm6, p6), S-chaeta as, S-microchaeta d2 inserted posterior to Mc p6, and five lateral mesochaetae. Abd. 4 (Figure 6 C) with four bothriotricha (B6, T2, T4, an secondary bothriotrix F3p?/F3 near latero-posterior margin); S-chaetae as and ps present, additional S-chaetae present but specimen condition does not allow us to ascertain their number. Pseudopore on Abd. 4 inserted in field just posterior to T4; tergum with eight inner Mc, one medial unpaired and seven paired (Figure 6 C): anterior triangle formed by paired A1 and one medial unpaired Mc; Mc A3 anterior and internal to pseudopore; Mc A5 and A6 near posterior margin of segment; Mc B3, B4 and B5 forming a group; lateral Mc E2, E3, E4, F1 and F3 present, E1 a microchaeta, E4 inserted anterior to D2, F2 absent. Posterior chaetae 23 – 34. Chaetotaxy of Abd. 5 as in C. sabanus (Figure 3 E). Legs. Trochanteral organ with up to 54 chaetae. Th. 3 claw complex as in Figure 6 B: tenent hair spatulate, relatively long, surpassing level of inner paired ungual teeth; claws with three inner teeth; basal teeth short, subequal, inserted on basal half of inner edge; unpaired tooth shorter than basal teeth, inserted on distal half of inner edge. Outer teeth ending on basal quarter of unguis (Figure 6 D); lateral teeth short but conspicuous; dorsal tooth short, clearly visible only on dorsal perspective. Unguiculus shorter on fore and middle legs than on hind legs, usually truncate, sometimes lanceolate, with a small inner tooth; posterior lamella smooth. Furcula. Dens with one inner and one outer row of spines. Mucro with five teeth, typical for genus, but unusually short, 0.6 – 0.8 as long as inner edge of hind claw (Figure 6 E). Remarks Campylothorax notidanus sp. nov. is the only member of the genus with a greatly enlarged, dorsal fin-shaped metathorax. The species is also unusual in having a greatly reduced dorsal chaetotaxy, with only three dorsal head Mc in row S, two Mc on Th. 2 p3 complex, three Mc on Th. 3 p2 – 3 complex and lacking Abd. 4 lateral Mc F2. The new species shares with C. hexosetosa sp. nov. the number and arrangement of inner Mc on Abd. 4, and the number and arrangement of lateral mesochaetae on Abd. 3, but otherwise it is quite different from all known Campylothorax (Table 2). The identity of thoracic Mc is unclear. The two Mc on Th. 2 are probably homologous with p2 and p3, whereas those on Th. 3 may be a2, p2 and a4. Unfortunately, all of the specimens studied are opaque and the microchaetae that could provide points of reference on the identity of the Mc are invisible.Published as part of Felipe N. Soto-Adames, 2016, Chaetotaxy of first-instar Campylothorax sabanus (Wray), and description of three new Campylothorax species from Hispaniola (Collembola, Paronellidae), pp. 1583-1612 in Journal of Natural History 50 (25) on pages 1593-1598, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1145272, http://zenodo.org/record/26988
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Trogolaphysa octosetosa Soto-Adames, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textTrogolaphysa octosetosa sp. nov. Figs. 4 F, 18 A–F Table 4 Etymology. The epithet refers to the presence of 5 and 3 posterior macrochaetae on the meso- and metathorax, respectively. Material examined. Holotype female, in preparation. MEXICO, Yucatan, Chichen Itza, Berlese sample, leaf mould from moist woods and dry cenote, 25.vi. 1951, L. J. Stannard, coll., acc. no. 49763, INHS 579,835; 3 paratypes in preparation and 73 in alcohol (mostly small juveniles in poor condition) with same collection information as holotype. Description. Size up to 2.0 mm. Color pattern. Body with evenly distributed granular light blue pigment (Fig. 4 F), more intense on coxae; head lighter Head. Antennae up to 2.1 x head length. Guard sensillum of subapical sense organ relatively large, truncate; sensillar pit not seen. Sensilla in Ant. 3 sense organ laterally expanded. Eyes 6, eyes G and H absent; eye valley with 3 ciliate chaetae. Head dorsally with 2 anterior (A0, A 2) and 2 posterior (Pa 5, Pm 3) macrochaetae. Pre-labral chaetae weakly ciliate. Spines on distal margin of labrum distinct, separated. Labial triangle variable, M 1 and M 2 smooth or ciliate, either only one ciliate or both ciliate; r smooth and shortest of all; chaetae E, L 1 and L 2 ciliate; anterior chaetae smooth. Post-labial field with 6–9 ciliate chaetae between columns I and O. Body. Body macrochaetae 53 /0243+0+ 6. Mesothorax with 1 anterior (a 5) and 5 posterior (p 3 complex) macrochaetae (Fig. 18 A). Metathorax with 3 (a 2, p 2, p 3) macrochaetae (Fig. 18 B). Abd. 1 chaeta a 6 absent. Abd. 4 (Fig. 18 C) with pseudopore inserted in field posterior to T 4; macrochaetae A 3, A 5 and B 5 present; A 3 in field anterior to T 2; A 5 closer to pseudopore than B 5; 6 large lateral macrochaetae present. Posterior chaetae 9–10 + 9– 10. Legs: Trochanteral with up to 28 chaetae. Metathoracic claw complex as in Fig. 18 D: tenent hair spatulate on all legs, 1.1 x as long as unguiculus; claws with 4 inner teeth, one basal tooth slightly wider and longer than other, proximal unpaired tooth shorter than basal teeth but well developed, distal unpaired tooth minute; teeth spread as 38 %, 42 %, 60 %, 86 %. Dorsal and lateral teeth ending on basal quarter of unguis, lateral teeth subequal to dorsal tooth. Unguiculus lanceolate, varying from narrow to normal, posterior edge smooth (Fig. 18 D). Furcula. Dens with 2 rows of ciliate spines: with up to 23 inner and 19 outer spines. Mucro with 4 sequential teeth (Figs. 18 E–F); mucro subrectangular in shape ≈ 2.3 x as long as width of distal end of dens and 0.85 x as long as inner margin of metathoracic unguis. Remarks. Trogolaphysa octosetosa sp. nov. is the only Neotropical member of the genus with 6 eyes, 2 anterior dorsal head macrochaetae, 5 mesothoracic macrochaetae and 3 metathoracic macrochaetae. Six other species (T. carpenteri, T. cotopaxiana, T. palaciosi sp. nov., T. paracarpenteri sp. nov., T. relicta and T. subterranea) have 2 anterior head macrochaetae, but none has 3 metathoracic macrochaetae (Table 4). The color pattern of T. octosetosa sp. nov. is identical to that in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov., but in addition to the difference in number of thoracic macrochaetae, the species differ in the number (3 in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov., 4 in T. octosetosa sp. nov.) and shape of inner ungual teeth (basal teeth needle shaped in T. paracarpenteri sp. nov., keelshaped in T. octosetosa sp. nov.). The indistinct, diffuse blue color pattern of T. octosetosa sp. nov. is also seen in T. jataca, T. geminata, T. riopedrensis (Mari Mutt, 1987), T. subterranea, T. paracarpenteri sp. nov. and T. luquillensis (Mari Mutt, 1987), but the number of thoracic macrochaetae and details of unguis morphology distinguish all species. Trogolaphysa octosetosa sp. nov. was collected in sympatry with T. stannardi sp. nov. The paratypes of the two new species are mostly small juveniles, but color pattern and the relatively longer antennae in T. stannardi sp. nov. easily distinguish the species. In addition, adult T. stannardi sp. nov. are large and slender, whereas T. octosetosa sp. nov. adults are plump.Published as part of Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2015, The dorsal chaetotaxy of first instar Trogolaphysa jataca, with description of twelve new species of Neotropical Trogolaphysa (Hexapoda: Collembola: Paronellidae), pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4032 (1) on pages 32-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28974
Trogolaphysa laterolineata Soto-Adames, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textTrogolaphysa laterolineata sp. nov. Figs 3 C, 8 A–I, 9 A–C, Table 2 Etymology. The epithet refers to the characteristic latero-posterior stripes Abd. 4. Material examined. Holotype, slide-mounted, MEXICO: Chiapas, Ocosingo, Berlese sample, debris in tree flange along Rio Virgin Pasture and 2 nd growth woods. 25.vi. 1950, C. Goodnight, M. Goodnight and L. J. Stannard coll., acc. 49703, INHS 579,829; 3 paratypes in preparation and 11 (mostly small juveniles) in alcohol, same collection information as holotype. Description. Size up to 2.1 mm. Color p attern. Background color in 63 years old alcohol preserved specimens, reddish brown. Dark blue pigment (Fig. 3 C) present distally on Ant. 1 and most of Ant. 2–4, coxae, trochanter, femora and basal 2 / 3 of collophore; Abd. 4 with paired ellipsoidal streaks along lateral margins. Head. Antenna up to 2.7 x head length. Guard sensillum of subapical sense organ on Ant. 4 robust; pit and sensillum apparently absent. Sense organ of Ant. 3 normal rods. Eyes 6–8, eyes G and H reduced (Fig. 8 C), often completely obscured (Fig. 8 B); eye valley with 4–5 ciliate chaetae. Head dorsally (Fig. 8 A) with 4 anterior (A0, A 2, A 3, M 2) and 2 posterior (Pa 5, Pm 3) macrochaetae. Pre-labral chaetae ciliate. Spine on distal margin of labrum Y-shaped (Fig. 8 D). Labial triangle with M 1 M 2 M 3 rEL 1 L 2 A 1-5: anterior chaetae smooth; r short and smooth, all other posterior chaetae ciliate (Fig. 8 E). Post-labial field (Fig. 8 F) with 7 chaetae between columns I and O. Body. Body macrochaetae 70 /0244+0+ 6. Mesothorax (Fig. 8 G) with 1 anterior (a 5) and 6 posterior (p 3 complex) macrochaetae; Th. 3 without macrochaetae. Abd. 1 chaeta a 6 absent. Abd. 4 (Fig. 9 A) pseudopore posterior, but nearly paired to bothriotrix T 4; inner macrochaetae A 3, A 5, B 4 and B 5 present; A 3 anterior to T 2; A 5 closer to pseudopore that to B 5; B 4 equidistant from A 5 and B 5; laterally with 6 macrochaetae. Abd. 4 posterior chaetae 12 + 12. Legs: View of trochanteral organ obstructed in all individuals. Metathoracic claw complex as in Fig 9 C: tenent hair spatulate, 1.3 x as long as unguiculus; claw with 3–4 inner teeth; basal teeth subequal, unpaired tooth smaller than smallest basal tooth; inner teeth spread as 28 %, 32 %, 55 %, 85 %. Dorsal and lateral teeth ending on basal quarter of unguis. Unguiculus lanceolate, posterior edge smooth (Fig. 9 C). Furcula. Dens with 2 rows of ciliate spines: inner row with 23 spines; outer row with 9 spines. Mucro in adults more or less square, with 4 short, stout, sequential teeth (Fig. 8 H); juvenile with rectangular mucro (Fig. 8 I). Remarks. Trogolaphysa laterolineata sp. nov. is readily distinguished from all other Neotropical species by the characteristic lateral bands on Abd. 4. The new species is most similar to T. ocellata sp. nov. from which it can be distinguished by color pattern, the number of posterior head macrochaetae (2 in T. laterolineata sp. nov., 1 in T. ocellata sp. nov.) shape of distal labral papilla (Y-shaped in T. laterolineata sp. nov., separated in T. ocellata sp. nov.), number of labial chaetae M (3 in T. laterolineata sp. nov., 2 in T. ocellata sp. nov.) and relative position of Abd. 4 macrochaeta B 5 (equadistant to A 5 and B 6 in T. laterolineata sp. nov., much closer to B 6 in T. ocellata sp. nov.). All other species with four dorsal anterior head macrochaetae have a combination of macrochaetae different from the one present in T. laterolineata sp. nov. and T. ocellata sp. nov. (Table 2). One individual, which appears to be a second instar (the dorsal chaetotaxy of the trunk is already reduced), shows the same general claw and mucro morphology seen in first instar T. jataca and T. paracarpenteri sp. nov.:the claw has two inner teeth (Fig. 9 B), subequal in size, inserted at 32 % of inner edge, whereas the mucro is 2.9 x as long as the width of distal end of dens and evidently elongate (Fig. 8 I). In addition, Abd. 4 chaeta B 4 is not developed into a macrochaeta in the juvenile (Fig. 9 A inset).Published as part of Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2015, The dorsal chaetotaxy of first instar Trogolaphysa jataca, with description of twelve new species of Neotropical Trogolaphysa (Hexapoda: Collembola: Paronellidae), pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4032 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28974
Trogolaphysa trioculata Soto-Adames, 2015, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Trogolaphysa trioculata</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs. 3 G, 20A–F Table 5</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The epithet refers to the presence of only 3+3 eyes.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype in preparation, MEXICO, Chiapas, Cacahuatan, Finca Cuauhtemoc, Quinine Grove, elevation 975 m, 3–4.vii.1950, C. & M. Goodnight coll., Berlese sample leaf mold, INHS 579,843; 1 paratype in preparation with same collection information as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Size up to 1.1 mm.</p> <p>Characters Eye Prelabral Labral Tenent Inner Basal Position Unguiculus Rows Mucro Species Number Chetae Spines Hair Ungual Ungual Unpaired Shape Dental Teeth</p> <p>Shape Teeth Teeth Ungual Spines</p> <p>Position Tooth</p> <p>. <i>strinatii</i> 5+5 ciliate separated spatulate 3 middle distal lanceolate 2 4 Yoshii, 1988 subequal quarter half sequential</p> <p> <b>Color pattern</b>. Specimens preserved in alcohol for 64 years light brown, patternless (Fig. 3 G).</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Antennae relatively short, 0.83x as long as head. Subapical sense organ of Ant. 4 not seen. Sense organ of Ant. 3 with normal rods. Eyes 3+3, eyes; only eyes A, B and C remain (Fig. 20 A). Eye valley with 1 ciliate chaeta. Head dorsally with 2 anterior (A0, A2) and 2 posterior (Pa5, Pm3) macrochaetae. Pre-labral chaetae ciliate. Distal margin of labrum smooth, without denticles. Labial triangle with M1M2rEL1L2A1–5: anterior chaetae smooth; r stout and smooth, all other posterior chaetae ciliate. Post-labial field with 5–6 chaetae between columns I and O.</p> <p> <b>Body.</b> Body macrochaeta formula 60/0243+0+4. Mesothorax with 1 anterior (a5) and 5 posterior (p3 complex) macrochaetae (Fig. 20 B) Metathorax without macrochaetae. Abd. 1 chaeta a6 absent. Abd. 3 S-microchaeta d2 almost reaching bothriotrix m5 (Fig. 20 E). Abd. 4 (Fig. 20 F) with pseudopore in field posterior to T4; with inner macrochaetae A3, A5, B5; A 3 in field between T2 and T4; A5 closer to B5 than to pseudopore; lateral macrochaetae D3, E2, E3 and F1 present. Abd. 4 posterior chaetae 10+10.</p> <p> <b>Legs.</b> Trochanteral organ V-shaped, with up to 14 chaetae. Metathoracic claw complex as in Fig 20 C; tenent hair acuminate, 0.56x as long as unguiculus; with 3 inner teeth, all keel- to weakly lunate-shaped, one paired tooth larger than other, longest tooth almost reaching unpaired tooth; all teeth originating around middle quarter of inner edge, teeth spread as 42%, 47%, 57%. Unguiculus weakly truncate and basally swollen, posterior edge smooth.</p> <p> <b>Furcula.</b> Dens with 2 rows of ciliate spines: inner and outer rows with 15 and 12 spines respectively. Mucro with 4 teeth, basal teeth paired (Fig. 20 D); mucro rectangular, 3.0x as long as wide, and 1.4x as long as inner margin of metathoracic unguis.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Trogolaphysa trioculata</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is the only Neotropical member of the genus with 3+3 eyes, acuminate tenent hair and 4 large lateral macrochaetae on Abd. 4. Five other species have reduced number of eye: <i>T. alleni</i> Yoshii, 1988 and <i>T. millsi</i> Arlé, 1939 with 2 eyes, <i>T. tijuacana</i> Arlé & Guimarães, 1979 with 4 eyes and <i>T. strinatii</i> Yoshii, 1988 with 5 eyes. Descriptions for all the species mentioned above are incomplete, but details of characters distinguishing them are presented in Table 5.</p>Published as part of <i>Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2015, The dorsal chaetotaxy of first instar Trogolaphysa jataca, with description of twelve new species of Neotropical Trogolaphysa (Hexapoda: Collembola: Paronellidae), pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4032 (1)</i> on pages 35-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/289744">http://zenodo.org/record/289744</a>
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