1,720,975 research outputs found
Child abuse and neglect in Indigenous Australian communities
No full textChild abuse and neglect associated with Indigenous communities cannot be understood, nor addressed, unless it is viewed from a broad perspective which includes both historical and present day issues. Janet Stanley, Adam M. Tomison and Julian Pocock argue that measures centred on community-based responses which empower Indigenous Australians are needed, in order to protect Indigenous children from the serious levels of abuse which they are presently experiencing
Organised crime and public sector corruption
Get PDFForeword: In 2006, the Australian Government introduced the Anti-money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 (Cth) which increased regulatory controls over businesses potentially able to facilitate organised criminal activities such as money laundering. The implementation of tougher legislation and associated law enforcement interventions may result in criminal organisations adjusting their tactics in order to continue their activities without detection. In this paper, the risk and potential impact of tactical displacement by organised criminals is discussed with regard to the potential for increased attempts by organised crime groups to corrupt public servants. There is a paucity of research exploring the nature and extent of public sector corruption committed by organised crime groups. This discussion is informed by literature on ‘crime scripts’ originally developed by Cornish (1994) and the 5I’s crime prevention framework developed by Ekblom (2011). Making use of public-source information about the commission of such crimes, as exemplified in two recent corruption cases, some intervention strategies are proposed that may be effective in reducing the risks of corruption of public sector officials by organised crime groups in Australia
Responding to intimate partner violence victimisation: Effective options for help-seeking
No full textUsing data from the International Violence Against Women Survey, this paper examines predictors of help-seeking by intimate partner violence victims and considers whether such responses are influenced by the severity of abuse experienced.
It found that victims are more likely to explore formal avenues of support if they are married to the abusive partner, have children who have witnessed incidents of abuse, have used drugs or alcohol to cope with abuse and where the abusive partner has previously received counselling for his behaviour.
It was found that in cases where the victim had experienced more severe types of abuse, and/or if they felt their life had been threatened during the most recent incident, there was a significantly increased likelihood of formal help-seeking. The findings can be used to improve responses made by formal providers of support to better accommodate the needs of victims and their children
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Professional decision making and the management of actual or suspected child abuse and neglect cases : an in situ tracking study
No full textThis thesis comprises a comprehensive investigation of professional decision making in the management of actual or suspected child maltreatment cases via a six-month in situ case tracking study. Specifically, it was an attempt to highlight the realities of case management decision making, its complexity and the issues facing professional through an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the decision making of professionals within one complete child protction network. The subject pool consisted of 11 professionals who had been identified as playing a significant role in the reporting, assessment and/or alleviation of child maltreatment in the targeted child protection network. Overall, 260 children residing in 190 families suspected or confirmed as being physically, sexually, emotionally abused or neglected were tracked through the targeted netwrk. Cases were collected by structured interview or questionnaire with the various participation professionals. The influence of child, family and socio-environmental effects (case-related factors) and aspects of the child protection systems (systemic andprofessional factors) on the various professionals' decision to substantiate child abuse and neglect, and the decision of child protection workers and police members to take statutory action were examined. This involved quantitative analysis (measures of association and the creation of statistical decision models via Multiple Regression), the descriptive mapping of interprofessional communication patterns (social network analysis) and the assessment of the realities of professional decision making via a cross-case analysis. The results provided evidence of the effect of a variety of in situ effects not traditionally identified in models of the decision making process and highlighted the important role played by non-statutory professional in the management of actural or suspected case of child maltreatment. The decisions made by these workers determined the subquent involvement of statutory services and could either enhance of diminish the likelihood of a positive case outcome. Workers involved in the case tracking were utilising the informal relationaships they had developed with other workers in the region to circumvent formal methods of communication and coordination (referral protocals and case conferences). Although this could enhance professional decision making, it was also responsible for the exclusion of some workers from the case management and professional decison making process, poor information exchange, interprofessional disputes and less than optimal case managment. The constructin of statistical decision models indicated the importance of workers' perceptions of severity when deciding to substantiate a case, and confirmed the workers' reliance on female caregivers for information and as the primary means of intervening with the family. The results of the case tracking were subsequently used to develop an Ecological Framework of Decision Making able to encompass current knowledge of the factors that influence professional decision making in the child maltreatment field. The implications of the Framework for decision making research and as an educational or training tool are discussed, as are the results for curreny child protection practtice. It is contended that the results of the tracking study and the majority of the issues identified have implications for other western child protection systems and current child protection practice
Preventing child abuse: Changes to family support in the 21st century
No full textIncreased demand for assistance from families and communities has led to a substantial reinvestment in a rapidly changing family support sector. In this paper, a number of central themes in the development and provision of family support are explored, particularly as they apply to the prevention of child abuse and other family violence
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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