878 research outputs found
Animal Products and Human Health: Perceptions, Opportunities and Challenges
No full textBauman, Dale E.; Lock, Adam L.. (2007). Animal Products and Human Health: Perceptions, Opportunities and Challenges. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/109845
Modifying Milk Fat Composition of Dairy Cows to Enhance Fatty Acids Beneficial to Human Health
No full textLock, Adam L.; Bauman, Dale E.. (2007). Modifying Milk Fat Composition of Dairy Cows to Enhance Fatty Acids Beneficial to Human Health. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/109846
Direct numerical simulations of particle-driven gravity currents in a basin configuration
No full textThree-dimensional highly resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of a particle-driven gravity current are presented for the lock-exchange problem in a basin configuration. Two Reynolds numbers are investigated in order to identify differences in the flow structures and dynamics. For this numerical study, we limit our investigations to gravity currents over a flat bed in which density differences are small enough for the Boussinesq approximation to be valid. The concentration of particles is described in an Eulerian fashion by using a transport equation combined with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, with possibility of particles deposition but no erosion and re-suspension. For this original flow configuration, it is found that the Reynolds number has a strong influence on the flow, in particular on the deposition pattern over the flat bed. Furthermore, we found out that the well-known lobe-and-cleft patterns at the head of the current have a different shape than what is usually observed for the lock-exchange problem in a channel configuration. The curvated shape of the front has a significant twisting effect on the structures at the head of the current
Technology transfer and sustainable development in emerging economies
No full text(WP 01/03 Clave pdf) This paper aims to show how the process of diffusion of "clean technologies" confronts a variety of forces at the macro level that create systematic, technological and institutional barriers to their adoption. There is abundant literature on the role of technology transfer in the development of emerging economies, but this perspective is clearly new. What needs to be borne in mind is the possibility that the transferred dominant technology may be subject to a techno-institutional lock-in at its source that does not allow the diffusion of environmentally superior alternative technologies.Developing economies, Sustainable development, Techno-institutional lock-in, Technology transfer
Construction of the new lock in Terneuzen using pneumatic caissons
No full textThe lock complex at Terneuzen is the main entrance for ships coming from the Westerscheld and navigating towards the cities of Terneuzen and Ghent. The construction of a new large lock at the lock complex of Terneuzen is planned to increase its capacity. This lock will be built between the existing locks. The ground level is situated at NAP +6 meter. The minimum normative sea water level occurring twice a year is NAP -2.85 meter. The new lock will have larger dimensions than the current locks. It is assumed that a ship with a draft of 13.1 meter must be able to use the lock tide independently. Because of the large allowable draft the lock must be founded to a depth of NAP -17.26 m. It is becoming increasingly difficult to construct the new lock with traditional building methods like combi– or diaphragm walls to such extent. In this master thesis the use of pneumatic caissons as alternative construction method for the new lock in Terneuzen has been elaborated. Pneumatic caissons have been used for many times as construction method. However, pneumatic caissons have never been used with the dimensions required for the new lock head. (l = 132m, w = 45m & h = 33m) The pneumatic caisson method involves the construction of a relative rigid concrete box at ground level that is lowered into the ground by excavating the soil underneath it. Under the bottom slab of a pneumatic caisson an air-pressurized space, called the working chamber, is present which is made up of tapering walls around the perimeter of the caisson base slab. These tapering walls are called the cutting edges of the caisson. The working chamber is kept dry by the presence of air pressure. Due to the air pressure, groundwater is not able to enter the working chamber. The deeper the caisson is located below the water table, the higher the air pressure should be. In this master thesis two construction alternatives for the lock heads with help of pneumatic caissons are elaborated: 1. The construction of one large pneumatic caisson with a length of 132 meter, width of 45 meter and a height of 33 meter containing the complete lock head including the gate chamber and gate recess. The working chamber is divided into 14 compartments. 2. The construction of two (compartmentalized–) pneumatic caissons which can be subsided independently. One caisson with a length of 10 meter, width of 45 meter and a height of 33 meter is covering the gate recess and the other caisson with a length of 67 meter, width of 45 meter and a height of 33 meter is covering the gate chamber. Between the pneumatic caisson an immersible caisson is located. This caisson acts as foundation for the guiding rail and moving equipment and prevents piping below the lock gates. With help of SCIA Engineer, a software package for structural calculations, the structural feasibility of the caisson is analysed and worked out. Due to the lack of bending and torsional stiffness in the first construction alternative the occurring forces and moments are up to 2 times larger in comparison to the second construction alternative. The use of pneumatic caissons to construct the lock head has some advantages over the use of a traditional building pit. The building time of 22 months is 8 months shorter in duration compared with the building pit and the building costs are with respectively Euro 48.300.000 and Euro 37.700.000 much lower than the building costs of a building pit which is estimated at Euro 52.600.000. Moreover the pneumatic caissons can be constructed in controlled conditions above the surface level. Despite of the advantages the construction method has a large number of disadvantages. Different conclusions can be drawn up. Some conclusions are in favor of the construction with pneumatic caisson. On the other hand the construction method has some important disadvantages that can not be neglected. A considerably large working space is required for the sedimentation basin and bentonite de-sanding installation during subsidence of the caisson(s). The possibility of rotation of the caisson during subsidence and working under an overpressure increase the associated risks. It should be taken into account that about 50% of the surface area of the bottom slab must be reinforced against shear. Also a large amount of bending reinforcement (101 kg=m3–219 kg=m3) is required. Moreover there is less practical experience with the construction of pneumatic caissons. A comparison between the options on feasibility, safety, risk, required materials, building time and costs shows that the reference design, the use of a traditional building pit to construct the lock head, is the best conceivable option.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
In vitro activity of daptomycin and vancomycin lock solutions on staphylococcal biofilms in a central venous catheter model
No full textBackground. Catheter lock solutions are used for prevention and management of catheter-related bloodstream infections. We investigated the activity of daptomycin and vancomycin lock solutions against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in an in vitro central venous catheter (CVC) model. Methods. Biofilm-producing reference strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were evaluated. After 24 h of bacterial growth in a CVC model, daptomycin and vancomycin bactericidal activity (+/- preservative-containing heparin sodium) were separately evaluated as a lock solution using 0.5, 1 and 35 mg/ml. Calcium carbonate (50 mg/l) was added to all lock solutions containing daptomycin. Each CVC was drained, flushed and sonicated at 72 h to assess CFU/ml. Results. After 72 h of exposure in the catheter lock solutions, daptomycin and vancomycin at 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/ml demonstrated bactericidal activity (\u3e3.0 log10 CFU/ml) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis (P≤0.001). Heparin lock solution alone produced a non-significant reduction in S. aureus and S. epidermidis (1.92±0.07 and 1.65±0.03 log10 CFU/ml, respectively). Daptomycin 5 mg/ml lock solution +/- heparin eradicated (limit of detection 2.0 log10 CFU/ml) S. epidermidis at 72 h as did the vancomycin 5 mg/ml plus heparin. S. aureus was only eradicated from the daptomycin 5 mg/ml catheter lock-solution. Conclusions. Our CVC model demonstrated that 72 h of exposure to 5 mg/ml lock solutions of daptomycin (plus calcium), +/- heparin or 5 mg/ml of vancomycin plus heparin demonstrate promise in treating catheter infections with biofilm-producing S. epidermidis. Similarly, 5 mg/ml of daptomycin (plus calcium) as a lock solution shows great promise in treating S. aureus catheter infections. © The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved
Enhancing spinal bone anchor pull-out resistance with an L-shaped anchor
No full textThe success rate of spinal fusion surgery is mainly determined by the fixation strength of the spinal bone anchors. This study explores the use of an L-shaped spinal bone anchor that is intended to establish a macro-shape lock with the posterior cortical layer of the vertebral body, thereby increasing the pull-out resistance of the anchor. The performance of this L-shaped anchor was evaluated in lumbar vertebra phantoms (L1-L5) across four distinct perpendicular orientations (lateral, medial, superior, and inferior). During the pull-out experiments, the pull-out force, and the displacement of the anchor with respect to the vertebra was measured which allowed the determination of the maximal pull-out force (mean: 123 N ± 25 N) and the initial pull-out force, the initial force required to start motion of the anchor (mean: 23 N ± 16 N). Notably, the maximum pull-out force was observed when the anchor engaged the cortical bone layer. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of utilising a spinal bone anchor featuring a macro-shape lock with the cortical bone layer to increase the pull-out force. Combining the macro shape-lock fixation method with the conventional pedicle screw shows the potential to significantly enhance the fixation strength of spinal bone anchors.Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired TechnologyEMSD EEMCS Project technician
Policy interactions of an Australian ETS and expanded MRET
No full textThis dissertation examines the simultaneous operation of an emissions trading scheme (ETS) and the expanded Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) in Australia. Focussing on the electricity generation sector, I seek to answer the question as to whether MRET can be regarded as complementary or in conflict with an ETS. A brief overview of the expanded MRET and the likely form of an ETS is given, the latter comparing the two key climate change mitigation policy initiatives: The Garnaut Climate Change Review and the Commonwealth‘s Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper. The pervasive normative bias in favour of coal in both documents is highlighted.
A range of key economic interactions between the two policy instruments are evaluated. An important conclusion is that electricity prices are subject to three complex counteracting influences: MRET‘s downwards pressure on ETS permit prices while ETS permits simultaneously exert upwards pressure on fossil fuel generation costs, and MRET‘s additional cost impost on electricity retailers.
The importance of systemic interactions in technological innovation is examined, highlighting the barriers to entry for renewable energy represented by incumbent fossil fuel dominance. A crucial and perhaps surprising finding is that a carbon price signal alone is insufficient to stimulate structural change in energy technologies due to the ‗locked-in‘ nature of existing fossil fuel generation technologies and their enabling social and institutional context. Other complementary policy mechanisms are needed throughout the ‗innovation chain‘.
I further discuss the political nature of policy instruments such as the ETS and MRET, and examine the implications of a full rendering of the Precautionary Principle. A key argument is that an over-reliance on coal and the promise of geosequestration can be tempered by policies such as MRET.
On balance, I conclude that MRET is indeed necessary and is complementary to an ETS
Henke, Adam William (Death, 1900-05-28)
No full textAddress: 2151 Lock St.Age at death: 57-2-15447/Pg. 49/1900/M W M/Germany/Dr. P. W. Good/W. L. Meyer/Spring Grove Cem.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'HENG-HERMAN'
EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID AND FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTION RESPONSES OF LACTATING COWS
No full textAddition of fatty acids (FA) and amino acid (AA) supplements to dairy cow diets is becoming common practice due to the growing demand to increase milk fat and milk protein yields. This thesis contains two studies that evaluate the effects of supplemental palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids, and methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys), on lactating dairy cows. The first experiment used a product containing 80% C16:0 + 10% cis-9 C18:1 supplied at 1.5% diet dry matter (DM) and supplemental Met and Lys in low forage diets (LF) and a control diet with no added FA or AA at typical midwestern forage content (CON). Compared with CON, LF increased dry matter intake (DMI), milk fat yield, milk protein yield, energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield, and body condition score (BCS). In the second experiment, different ratios of palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acid were supplemented in basal diets containing high CP without supplemental AA (HP) or low CP with supplemental AA (LP). FA treatments were products consisting of 80% C16:0 + 10% cis-9 C18:1 (PA) and 60% C16:0 + 30% cis-9 C18:1 (OA) supplemented at 1.5% diet DM and a non-FA supplemented control diet (CON). No interactions were observed between basal diet and FA treatment for the yields of milk or milk components. Compared with HP, LP decreased milk urea nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, and did not impact milk, milk fat, or milk protein yields. FA treatments decreased DMI and increased milk yield, fat yield, ECM yield, and feed efficiency. Results from this work can provide information that can be used as a foundation for future studies and to guide feeding decision to maximize performance and farm income.Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Animal Science - Master of Science, 2021Includes bibliographical reference
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