113 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976211073131 – Supplemental material for Sources of Interference in Memory Across Development
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976211073131 for Sources of Interference in Memory Across Development by Hyungwook Yim, Adam F. Osth, Vladimir M. Sloutsky and Simon J. Dennis in Psychological Science</p
Accounting for the build-up of proactive interference across lists in a list length paradigm reveals a dominance of item-noise in recognition memory
No full textThere has been a longstanding debate concerning whether interference in recognition memory is attributable to other items on the study list (i.e., item-noise) or to prior memories (i.e., context-noise and background-noise). Recently, Osth and Dennis (2015) devised a global matching model that could estimate the magnitude of each interference contribution and they found that context-noise and background-noise were dominant in recognition. In the present investigation, data from a list length experiment were analysed using variants of the Osth, Jansson, Dennis and Heathcote (2018) model, that integrates the memory retrieval components of the Osth and Dennis (2015) model with the diffusion decision model (Ratcliff, 1978) to jointly account for choice probabilities and RT distributions. The standard version of the model, like existing recognition models, treated each condition as if no proactive interference had accumulated over the session. A more comprehensive version of the model allowed both study and test items from prior conditions to contribute proactive interference (PI) to future conditions. While the standard model estimated a dominance of background-noise, the PI model estimated a dominance of item-noise, reversing the conclusions made by Osth and Dennis (2015). Along with list length, the experimental design provided a measure of the test position effect (TPE). While the standard model attributed the TPE to context drift, the PI model attributed the TPE to both context drift and increases in item-noise
Sources of Interference in Memory across Development
No full textData and model code for
"Yim, Osth, Sloutsky, & Dennis (2022) Sources of Interference in Memory across Development Psychological Science.
Sources of Interference in Memory across Development
No full textData and model code for
"Yim, Osth, Sloutsky, & Dennis (2022) Sources of Interference in Memory across Development Psychological Science.
Sources of Interference in Memory across Development
No full textData and model code for
"Yim, Osth, Sloutsky, & Dennis (2022) Sources of Interference in Memory across Development Psychological Science.
Modeling the dynamics of recognition memory testing with an integrated model of retrieval and decision making
No full textModeling test position effects in recognition memory with the Osth and Dennis (2015, Psychological Review) model in conjunction with the diffusion decision model (Ratcliff, 1978) to produce a complete account of choice and RT distributions
Modeling the continuous recognition paradigm to determine how retrieval can impact subsequent retrievals
No full textThere are several ways in which retrieval during a memory test can harm memory: (a) retrieval can cause an increase in interference due to the storage of additional information (i.e., item-noise); (b) retrieval can decrease accessibility to studied items due to context drift; and (c) retrieval can result in a trade in accuracy for speed as testing progresses. While these mechanisms produce similar outcomes in a study-test paradigm, they are dissociated in the ‘continuous’ recognition paradigm, where items are presented continuously and a participant’s task is to detect a repeat of an item. In this paradigm, context drift results in worse performance with increasing study-test lag (the lag effect), whereas increasing item-noise is evident in a decrease in performance for later test trials in the sequence (the test position effect [TPE]). In the present investigation, we measured the influences of item-noise, context drift, and decision-related factors in a novel continuous recognition dataset using variants of the Osth, Jansson et al. (2018) global matching model. We fit both choice and response times at the single trial level using state-of-the-art hierarchical Bayesian methods while incorporating crucial amendments to the modeling framework, including multiple context scales and sequential effects. We found that item-noise was responsible for producing the TPE, context drift decreased the magnitude of the TPE (by diminishing the impact of item-noise), and speed-accuracy changes had some minor effects that varied across participants
How do recall requirements affect decision-making in free recall initiation? A linear ballistic accumulator approach
No full textModels of free recall describe free recall initiation as a decision-making process in which items compete to be retrieved. Recently, Osth and Farrell (2019) applied evidence accumulation models to complete RT distributions and serial positions of participants' first recalls in free recall which resulted in some novel conclusions about primacy and recency effects. Specifically, the results of the modeling favored an account in which primacy was due to reinstatement of the start-of-the-list and recency was found to be exponential in shape. In this work, we examine what happens when participants are given alternative recall instructions. Prior work has demonstrated weaker primacy and greater recency when fewer items are required to report \cite{WardTan19}, and a key question is whether this change in instructions qualitatively changes the nature of the recall process, or merely changes the parameters of the recall competition. We conducted an experiment where participants studied 6 or 12 item lists and were post-cued as to whether to retrieve a single item, or as many items as possible. Subsequently, we applied LBA models with various assumptions about primacy and recency, implemented using hierarchical Bayesian techniques. While greater recency was observed when only one item was required for output, the model selection did not suggest there were qualitative differences between the two conditions. Specifically, start-of-list reinstatement and exponential recency functions were favored in both conditions
Integrating word-form representations with global similarity computation in recognition memory
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