149 research outputs found
Progesterone Withdrawal-Evoked Plasticity of Neural Function in the Female Periaqueductal Grey Matter
No full textCyclical changes in production of neuroactive steroids during the oestrous cycle induce significant changes in GABA(A) receptor expression in female rats. In the periaqueductal grey (PAG) matter, upregulation of alpha 4 beta 1 delta GABA(A) receptors occurs as progesterone levels fall during late dioestrus (LD) or during withdrawal from an exogenous progesterone dosing regime. The new receptors are likely to be extrasynaptically located on the GABAergic interneurone population and to mediate tonic currents. Electrophysiological studies showed that when alpha 4 beta 1 delta GABAA receptor expression was increased, the excitability of the output neurones in the PAG increased, due to a decrease in the level of ongoing inhibitory tone from the GABAergic interneurones. The functional consequences in terms of nociceptive processing were investigated in conscious rats. Baseline tail flick latencies were similar in all rats. However, acute exposure to mild vibration stress evoked hyperalgesia in rats in LD and after progesterone withdrawal, in line with the upregulation of alpha 4 beta 1 delta GABA(A) receptor expression. Copyright (C) 2009 T. A. Lovick and A. J. Devall
Diagnostic methods using visual estimation and calibrated blood collection drape for the diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage: a multicentre study in Pakistan
No full textVisual estimation versus calibrated drape for the diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage: a multi-country diagnostic test accuracy study
No full textConsequences and complications following postpartum haemorrhage: an analysis of data from the multi-country cluster-randomised E-MOTIVE trial
No full textDifferential Activation of the Periaqueductal Gray by Mild Anxiogenic Stress at Different Stages of the Estrous Cycle in Female Rats
No full textThe effect of acute exposure to mild anxiogenic stress on cutaneous nociceptive threshold was investigated in female Wistar rats at different stages of the estrous cycle. Baseline tail flick latencies did not change significantly during the cycle. However after brief exposure to vibration stress (4 Hz for 5 min), rats in late diestrus, but not at other cycle stages, developed a hyperalgesia (decrease in tail flick latency). Animals in late diestrus revealed a more than fivefold increase in the density of Fos-like immunoreactive nuclei in the dorsolateral, lateral, and ventrolateral columns in the caudal half of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). There was no change in the density of Fos-like immunoreactive nuclei in the PAG in rats in estrus and early diestrus, although rats in proestrus showed a smaller (50%) but significant increase. Rats undergoing withdrawal from a progesterone dosing regimen (5 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 6 days) designed to mimic the fall in progesterone that occurs naturally during late diestrus, exhibited a stress-induced hyperalgesia that was similar to animals in late diestrus and a significant increase in Fos-positive cells in the PAG. We suggest that falling levels of progesterone during late diestrus may be a predisposing factor for the development of stress-induced hyperalgesia, which is linked to differential activation of descending pain control circuits in the PAG. Similar changes in women, when progesterone levels fall during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, may contribute to the development of premenstrual symptoms that include increased anxiety and hyperalgesia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2010) 35, 1174-1185; doi: 10.1038/npp.2009.222; published online 13 January 201
Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
No full textPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Prophylactic uterotonic agents can prevent PPH. The current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for preventing PPH is 10 IU (international units) of intramuscular or intravenous oxytocin. Several uterotonics prevent PPH, but there remains uncertainty about the most effective agent with the fewest side effects. This is an update of a review first published in April 2018, and incorporates trustworthiness screening of eligible trials.The first published version of this review [259], was supported by Ammalife (www.ammalife.org), and was undertaken as part of independent research funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research (Health Technology Assessment Project 14/139/17 Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta‐analysis and cost‐effectiveness analysis). The views expressed in this publication are those of the review authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service (NHS), the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health.
This work was supported by UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the WHO (Award No. HQHRP2220228‐22.1‐74309).
The World Health Organization (WHO) and Ioannis D Gallos, Idnan Yunas, Adam Devall, Marcelina Podesek, Aurelio Tobias, Malcolm J Price, Olufemi T Oladapo and Arri Coomarasamy retain copyright and all other rights in their respective contributions to the manuscript of this review as submitted for publication.
We are grateful to Jo Weeks for her advice on using the CPC‐TST. We would also like to thank Jennifer Harrison for her feedback on the plain language summary (consumer involvement).
Some authors involved in previous published versions of this review in 2018 are no longer included on the author byline: Argyro Papadopoulou, Rebecca Man, Nikolaos Athanasopoulos, Myfanwy J Williams, Virginia Diaz, Julia Pasquale, Monica Chamillard, Mariana Widmer, Özge Tunçalp, Justus Hofmeyr, Fernando Althabe, Ahmet Metin Gülmezoglu, Joshua P Vogel. Some of the content retained in this review reflects their contributions.
Editorial and peer‐reviewer contributions
The following people conducted the editorial process for this article:
Sign‐off Editor (final editorial decision): Philippa Middleton, Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute;
Managing Editor (selected peer reviewers, provided editorial guidance to authors, edited the article): Sam Hinsley, Cochrane Central Editorial Service
Editorial Assistant (conducted editorial policy checks, collated peer‐reviewer comments and supported editorial team): Leticia Rodrigues, Cochrane Central Editorial Service
Copy Editor (copy editing and production): Denise Mitchell, Cochrane Central Production Service;
Peer‐reviewers (provided comments and recommended an editorial decision): Rachel Richardson, Cochrane Methods Support Unit (methods), Jo Platt, Central Editorial Information Specialist (search), Maria Fernanda Escobar Vidarte ‐ Global Health Equity Unit in Fundacion Valle del Lili Cali – Colombia (clinical), Prof SR Fawcus, Dept OBS/GYN, University Cape Town (clinical), and Thalía Alejandra Vargas Buitrago, Enfermera en formación de la Univerdad Nacional de Colombia (consumer).Peer reviewe
Stress-induced hyperalgesia and differential activation of the periaqueductal gray in female rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle
No full textpa2 online - E-journal of British Pharmacological Society:Dual-cell electrochemical detection of 3-nitrotyrosine following reversed-phase HPLC separation
No full textEffect of neurosteroid replacement on stress-induced hyperalgesia and Fos-like immunoreactivity in the PAG in female rats
No full textEffect of neurosteroid replacement on functional activation of the periaqueductal gray by acute anxiogenic stress during late dioestrus in female rats
No full text- …
