4,334 research outputs found
The role of ODV structural proteins in baculovirus replication
No full textBaculoviruses are arthropod-specific viruses with a circular, double-stranded DNA genome (80-180 kb). Two structural forms are produced during virus replication, comprising budded virus (BV) and occlusion-derived virus (ODV). The BV is produced from 12 hours post infection (hpi) and spreads the infection from tissue to tissue within the host. The ODV is formed 20 hpi and enveloped within occlusion bodies (OBs). The aim of this project was to elucidate the mechanisms involved in ODV production by deleting putative genes involved in oDV, but not BV production. A secondary aim of the project was to determine whether removing these genes improved the quantity/quality of recombinant proteins produced by baculovirus expression vectors. Genes for ODV structural proteins were selected and individual gene deletion mutants were generated. Three of these (Δ orf79 , Δodv-e28, and Δodv-ec43) unexpectedly prevented virus replication in insect cell culture. orf79 and odv-ec43 were demonstrated to be essential genes as viability could be restored after a rescue assay with the target gene, whereas the loss of infectivity in t-.odv-e28 probably resulted from an effect on helicase, an essential neighbouring gene. j Three deletion mutant viruses (AcΔcg30, AcΔodv-e66 and AcΔ.odv-e56) that were viable in insect cell culture were studied for any effect on ODV production and OB formation using bioassays and electron microscopy imaging. Deletion of odv-e66 and odv-e56 both negatively affected oral infectivity of OBs, whereas the deletion of cg30 increased infectivity. The electron microscopy imaging of the OBs of these deletion mutant viruses identified abnormalities for AcΔcg30POl'+ and ActΔodv-e56po1+. AcΔcg30P01+ OBs seemed to be degraded due to deformities in the polyhedron envelope (PE) while AcΔodv-e56po,+ OBs were surrounded by another protein structure but had no apparent difference in structure or ODV packaging compared to the parental virus. The formation of BV by the pif3 deletion mutant virus was reduced, although plaques were still formed in titrations of infectivity. BV production could only be restored by a rescue assay with pif3, suggesting PIF3 may have another function that is yet to be fully characterized. The deletion of orf118/pif1 and pif2 were analysed for their effect on recombinant protein production expressed from the polh promoter, using activity assays. Both the deletion of orf118/pif1 and pif2 caused a reduction in the intracellular protein, beta-galactosidase. However, the deletion of pif2 did not impact the expression of urokinase, an extracellular recombinant protein. This project also investigated through mutagenesis the possible role of the PIF1 RGD motifs in oral infection of larvae. The initial findings suggest that the PIF1 RGD motifs functional role is not very clear and indicate that PIF1 RGD motifs are not involved in integrin binding but could mediate other interactions during viral entry into the midgut cells. While the mechanism involved in the production of ODV was not elucidated, a number of interesting observations have been made about the targeted structural components of the ODV that were investigated, which could aid the understanding of the major transition from BV to ODV production during the baculovirus infectionEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Qaisra Shahraz in Interview with Claire Chambers
No full textQaisra Shahraz is a popular and acclaimed Pakistan-born and Manchester-resident screenwriter, educationalist, novelist and short story author. She was recently recognised as number 1 out of the 50 most influential women in Manchester. Last year she won the National Diversity “Lifetime Achiever” Award for services to literature, education, women’s rights and interfaith relationships. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, and advisor to Asia Pacific Writers & Translators partnerships. Her novels have been translated into many languages including Mandarin. In this interview, Claire Chambers discusses her new short story collection The Concubine and the Slave-Catcher in detail with Shahraz, as well as asking her to give readers a preview of her current work
Adams, Adam
No full textSee entry in Chambers County, volume 1, page 21: https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voter1867/id/153
Bonner, Adam
No full textSee entry in Chambers County, volume 1, page 22: https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voter1867/id/153
Yearin, Adam
No full textSee entry in Chambers County, volume 1, page 52: https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voter1867/id/156
Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma
No full textBackground
In acute asthma inhaled beta₂-agonists are often administered by nebuliser to relieve bronchospasm, but some have argued that metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber (spacer) can be equally effective. Nebulisers require a power source and need regular maintenance, and are more expensive in the community setting.
Objectives
To assess the effects of holding chambers (spacers) compared to nebulisers for the delivery of beta₂-agonists for acute asthma.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register and reference lists of articles. We contacted the authors of studies to identify additional trials. Date of last search: February 2013.
Selection criteria
Randomised trials in adults and children (from two years of age) with asthma, where spacer beta₂-agonist delivery was compared with wet nebulisation.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently applied study inclusion criteria (one review author for the first version of the review), extracted the data and assessed risks of bias. Missing data were obtained from the authors or estimated. Results are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main results
This review includes a total of 1897 children and 729 adults in 39 trials. Thirty-three trials were conducted in the emergency room and equivalent community settings, and six trials were on inpatients with acute asthma (207 children and 28 adults). The method of delivery of beta₂-agonist did not show a significant difference in hospital admission rates. In adults, the risk ratio (RR) of admission for spacer versus nebuliser was 0.94 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.43). The risk ratio for children was 0.71 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.08, moderate quality evidence). In children, length of stay in the emergency department was significantly shorter when the spacer was used. The mean duration in the emergency department for children given nebulised treatment was 103 minutes, and for children given treatment via spacers 33 minutes less (95% CI -43 to -24 minutes, moderate quality evidence). Length of stay in the emergency department for adults was similar for the two delivery methods. Peak flow and forced expiratory volume were also similar for the two delivery methods. Pulse rate was lower for spacer in children, mean difference -5% baseline (95% CI -8% to -2%, moderate quality evidence), as was the risk of developing tremor (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.95, moderate quality evidence).
Authors' conclusions
Nebuliser delivery produced outcomes that were not significantly better than metered-dose inhalers delivered by spacer in adults or children, in trials where treatments were repeated and titrated to the response of the participant. Spacers may have some advantages compared to nebulisers for children with acute asthma
Letter From William Bell Scott to Mr Chambers
No full textabstract: Concerning Scott's thanks, his writings about his own works, and a manuscript of "The Nightingale Unheard."Seller's Description: Reads "A.L.S. from Author to Mr. Chambers explaining how busy he is... The sonnet is printed in the book. Fredeman: 56.7 £87.50"Handwritten Note: Unknown handwriting at top right reads "June 1st 1877."Publication Details: "The Nightingale Unheard" published in "Poems" by William Bell Scott.Creation Date Details: Undated range is the author's lifespan.Provenance: Removed from:
Poems / by William Bell Scott. Ballads, studies from nature, sonnets, etc. / illustrated by seventeen etchings by the author and L. Alma Tadema. Publisher London : Longmans, Green, 1875. CALL #
HAYDEN SPECIAL COLL SPEC PRB-13
Letter from M.L.A. Tom Chambers
No full textLetter from Tom Chambers (M.L.A. for Edmonton Calder Constituency) to Mr. John Birzgalis describing a monitary award of $1,000.00 from Horst A. Schmidt, Miniter of Culture toward's the Edmonton Latvian Society's Imanta.1.0 Imanta, 1.1.1 Histor of Imanta in Albert
Understanding Atrocities: Remembering, Representing and Teaching Genocide
No full textUnderstanding Atrocities is a wide-ranging collection of essays bridging scholarly and community-based efforts to understand and respond to the global, transhistorical problem of genocide. The essays in this volume investigate how evolving, contemporary views on mass atrocity frame and complicate the possibilities for the understanding and prevention of genocide. The contributors ask, among other things, what are the limits of the law, of history, of literature, and of education in understanding and representing genocidal violence? What are the challenges we face in teaching and learning about extreme events such as these, and how does the language we use contribute to or impair what can be taught and learned about genocide? Who gets to decide if it's genocide and who its victims are? And how does the demonization of perpetrators of atrocity prevent us from confronting the complicity of others, or of ourselves? Through a multi-focused and multidisciplinary investigation of these questions, Understanding Atrocities demonstrates the vibrancy and breadth of the contemporary state of genocide studies.
With contributions by: Amarnath Amarasingam, Andrew R. Basso, Kristin Burnett, Lori Chambers, Laura Beth Cohen, Travis Hay, Steven Leonard Jacobs, Lorraine Markotic, Sarah Minslow, Donia Mounsef, Adam Muller, Scott W. Murray, Christopher Powell, and Raffi SarkissianCanadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, Awards to Scholarly Publications ProgramLibrary OA Fun
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