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Usûl-i Aşair “Tribal Rules”: An Administrative And Juristic Practice In The Ottoman Empire
No full textBu makale, Osmanlı Devleti'nin Arap Bedevî aşiretlerine özgü hukuki
örf ve âdetlerin geçerliliğini tanımak için kullandığı Usûl-i Aşâir (Aşiret
kuralları) kavramı ve uygulamalarını incelemektedir. Suriye ve Beyrut
Adliye müfettişlerinden Ahmed Nazif’e göre Usûl-i Aşâir, Bedevî aşiretlerin
kendi aralarındaki anlaşmazlıkları çözmek için uyguladıkları örf ve
âdetlerdir. Bu âdetler, kimi zaman şeriata ve Osmanlı hukukuna aykırı
öğeler içerebilmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti, farklı idari gereklilikler nedeniyle
Usûl-i Aşâir’i geçici ve istisnai bir hukuki çerçeve olarak tanımıştır. Bu
bağlamda, 19. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren Arap coğrafyasının çeşitli
bölgelerinde yerel istikrarı ve asayişi korumak amacıyla, Bedevî aşiretler
arasındaki çatışmaların çözümünde Osmanlı İdarecilerinin gözetimi altında
Usûl-i Aşâir’in uygulandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı
idarecilerinin Usûl-i Aşâir uygulamalarını tanımasını, Osmanlı Bedevî
politikası ve söylemi çerçevesinde ele almakta ve bu stratejinin pragmatist
bir idari yöntem olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca, makale, Usûl-i
Aşâir’in Osmanlı İdaresi tarafından hangi koşullarda benimsendiğini ve
nasıl uygulandığını analiz etmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Osmanlı arşiv
belgelerine dayanarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin Usûl-i Aşâir’e yönelik
yaklaşımı, Osmanlı modernleşme süreci ve devletin Arap coğrafyasındaki
hakimiyeti bağlamında irdelemektedir. Bu açıdan makale, Osmanlı Bedevî
politikasındaki nüansları ve Osmanlı İdaresinin Arap coğrafyasındaki yerel
gerçeklere adaptasyon kabiliyetini anlamaya katkı sağlamayı
amaçlamaktadır.This article examines the concept and practice of Usûl-i Aşâir
(Customary tribal rules), as employed by the Ottoman Empire to
acknowledge the administrative and legal validity of local customs specific to
Bedouin tribes. According to Ahmed Nazif, an Ottoman judicial inspector of
Syria and Beirut, Usûl-i Aşâir Usûl-i Aşâir encompasses the customary laws
and traditions that Bedouin tribes used to resolve both internal and intertribal
disputes. These customs often included elements that contradicted
Sharia and Ottoman law. However, due to various administrative
necessities, the Ottoman Empire recognized Usûl-i Aşâir as a temporary and
exceptional legal framework. From the late 19th century onwards, it is
observed that Usûl-i Aşâir was implemented under Ottoman administrative
supervision to resolve conflicts among Bedouin tribes, thereby maintaining
local stability and public order in different regions of the Ottoman Arab
provinces. This study situates the recognition of Usûl-i Aşâir by Ottoman
administrators within the broader framework of Ottoman Bedouin policy and
discourse, suggesting that this strategy reflects a pragmatic administrative
approach. Furthermore, the article analyzes the conditions under which
Usûl-i Aşâir was adopted and executed by the Ottoman administration.
Using Ottoman archival documents, it explores the empire's approach to
Usûl-i Aşâir within the context of Ottoman modernization and sovereignty
in the Arab provinces. Consequently, this article aims to enhance the
understanding of the nuances in Ottoman Bedouin policy and the Ottoman
administration’s adaptability to local realities in the Arab regions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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