1,721,159 research outputs found
Comparative life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of lodging in the Himalaya
Full text linkThe main aim of the study is to assess the environmental and economic impacts of the lodging sector located in the Himalayan region of Nepal, from a life cycle perspective. The assessment should support decision making in technology and material selection for minimal environmental and economic burden in future construction projects.
The study consists of the life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of lodging in three building types: traditional, semi-modern and modern. The life cycle stages under analysis include raw material acquisition, manufacturing, construction, use, maintenance and material replacement. The study includes a sensitivity analysis focusing on the lifespan of buildings, occupancy rate and discount and inflation rates. The functional unit was formulated as the ‘Lodging of one additional guest per night’, and the time horizon is 50 years of building lifespan. Both primary and secondary data were used in the life cycle inventory.
The modern building has the highest global warming potential (kg CO2-eq) as well as higher costs over 50 years of building lifespan. The results show that the use stage is responsible for the largest share of environmental impacts and costs, which are related to energy use for different household activities. The use of commercial materials in the modern building, which have to be transported mostly from the capital in the buildings, makes the higher GWP in the construction and replacement stages. Furthermore, a breakdown of the building components shows that the roof and wall of the building are the largest contributors to the production-related environmental impact.
The findings suggest that the main improvement opportunities in the lodging sector lie in the reduction of impacts on the use stage and in the choice of materials for wall and roof
Le vitrage du WTC est-il une option matérielle durable pour un projet de serre de tomates à Bruxelles?
No full textGreen spaces and flat roof surfaces in Brussels carry an important potential of development for urban agriculture and appear as a promising solution to take a step towards food self-sufficiency. On the other hand, Brussels also accumulates an important building material stock and rejects a large quantity of construction and demolition waste. A major reconfiguration of World Trade Center’s (WTC) towers 1 and 2 is currently under way in the Brussels North district, casting aside about 14 000m² of identical bronze-tinted double-glazed windows. Circular actors declared that no reuse option other than reusing them in urban greenhouses projects had been found. This Master’s thesis aims to verify whether reusing WTC glazing into a heated urban tomato greenhouse project is a more sustainable option than investing in a new horticultural glazing. Knowing that the most important part of the environmental impacts of a heated tomato greenhouse is its use phase, can reusing materials make a difference in the outcome? We used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to compare the environmental impacts of three glazing options applied to a prototype. The three scenarios chosen are: reusing the double glazing “as it is” (WTC double scenario), reusing only the clear glass pane of WTC glazing (WTC simple scenario), and using brand new horticultural glazing (professional scenario). We chose the functional unit “the thermal and luminous atmosphere for producing one ton of tomatoes in an 18,7m² glass greenhouse heated at a temperature of minimum 18°C all year long in Brussels climate”. It turns out that the tomato production under a WTC double glazing greenhouse has higher environmental impacts than the two other options. Indeed, it is more insulating but also causes a poor yield and requires a heavier structure. On the other hand, reusing the clear side of WTC glazing has a lower environmental impact than the professional glazing scenario.
Some improvement levers of our prototype efficiency suggest that a non-tinted double glazing might be more appropriate for a greenhouse project than WTC glazing. This leads us to question the absence of data concerning the state of Brussels glazing stock, that ends up in landfills, or in the best case scenario to recycling. It could be reused instead, but a good knowledge of Brussel’s global situation is essential in order to make informed decisions that will make a difference in connecting different sectors and heading to a general transition towards circular and autonomous cities.12. Responsible consumption and productio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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