1,720,960 research outputs found
Emptying Subjects with Legal Impact Forensic Linguistic Studies
Get PDFThis article discusses the problem of subject omission conducted by the Governor of DKI Jakarta, Ahok Cahya Purnama. In this writing, the author uses two approaches: the European structural approach and the American structural approach. Ferdinand de Saussure, the first figure from Europe, conducted studies on language with scientific and codified principles, enabling the analysis of active and passive sentences using a systematic method. The Transformational Generative Theory, pioneered by Noam Chomsky as the second figure, was born in 1928 in Pennsylvania, United States. This writing attempts to outline a form of surface structure approach through the analysis of the relationship between elements or Saussure's structuralism, while also using the deep structure approach proposed in Noam Chomsky's Transformational Generative Theory. This is expected to complement Saussure's structuralism approach to enrich the previously used approach and avoid being fixated on a single type of approach. Thus, it can provide a better and more targeted interpretation of ambiguous sentences. Consequently, this article finds that Mr. Ahok has omitted the subject, resulting in ambiguous sentences. The subject in question is the politicians from religious groups who have used Surah Al-Maidah verse 51 as a political tool to win the regional elections
SIKAP WARGANET INDONESIA DI YOUTUBE TERKAIT OPERASI MILITER RUSIA DI UKRAINA : Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis
Get PDFPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian interdisipliner yang melibatkan empat disiplin ilmu serumpun, meliputi; sintaksis, semantik, pragmatik, dan sosiolinguistik. Keterlibatan tersebut dipayungi lima domain pendekatan Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA). Penelitian ini karenanya dinamai penelitian CMDA - Sospramansis. Secara umum, penelitian ini mengkaji sikap warganet Indonesia (subjek) terhadap fenomena kajian dan sumber data. Fenomena kajian ini adalah operasi militer khusus Rusia di Ukraina, sedangkan sumber datanya adalah kolom komentar kanal YouTube Kompas.com dan CNN Indonesia. Dari sumber tersebut, penelitian ini mengumpulkan 212 data dalam bentuk tuturan subjek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bentuk struktur dan makna tuturan, bentuk interaksi dan perilaku pujian berbasis gender, serta bentuk pola partisipasi berbasis pendekatan CMDA, yang mencerminkan sikap subjek dalam sumber data. Masalah penelitian ini disebabkan oleh isu revolusi budaya keberpihakan subjek terhadap pemeran konflik internasional (agresor/korban). Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut, diperlukan bukti linguistik berupa data dan temuan. Dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini, data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis dengan model Miles dan Huberman (1984). Data penelitian ini selanjutnya dianalisis dengan sejumlah teori dan pendapat, yang dipayungi lima domain pendekatan CMDA Herring (2004), meliputi; struktur, makna, interaksi, perilaku, dan pola partisipasi. Dalam hal temuan, kajian struktur menghasilkan 17 pola sintaksis tuturan. Data menunjukkan bahwa subjek dominan bertutur dengan pola FAdj + FN (36 data) dan jenis kalimat reguler (135 data). Kajian makna menghasilkan 3 bentuk sikap subjek, yang tercermin dari 17 bentuk tuturan dan 4 jenis ilokusi. Dalam hal ini, subjek dominan mendukung Rusia (181 data). Kajian interaksi dan perilaku menghasilkan 4 fungsi pujian subjek pria, 2 fungsi pujian subjek wanita, 4 topik pujian subjek pria, dan 2 topik pujian subjek wanita. Data menunjukkan bahwa pujian subjek pria lebih banyak dan lebih beragam daripada subjek wanita (127 data). Kajian pola partisipasi menghasilkan 18 dimensi dan pola dari faktor media dan situasi komunikasi. Temuan pada bagian ini menunjukkan bahwa ragam bahasa di internet lebih menunjukkan karakteristik ragam lisan yang dituliskan. Secara keseluruhan, bukti linguistik penelitian ini tampak menunjukkan bahwa subjek kajian cenderung mendukung Rusia. Hal ini semakin memperlihatkan bahwa revolusi budaya keberpihakan subjek terhadap pemeran konflik internasional ini memang ada.:
This research is an interdisciplinary study involving four closely related linguistic disciplines: syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics. These disciplines are integrated under the umbrella of the five domains of the Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) approach. Therefore, this study is named CMDA - Sopramantax research. Generally, this research examines the attitudes of Indonesian netizens (subjects) towards the study phenomenon and data sources. The phenomenon under study is Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine, while the data sources are the comment sections of the Kompas.com and CNN Indonesia YouTube channels. From these sources, the study collected 212 pieces of data in the form of subject utterances. The study aims to reveal the structure and meaning of the utterances, the forms of interaction and gender-based praise behavior, as well as participation patterns based on the CMDA approach, which reflect the subjects' attitudes in the data sources. The research problem stems from the cultural revolution issue regarding subjects’ bias towards actors in international conflicts (aggressor/victim). To address this issue, linguistic evidence in the form of data and findings is needed. In this qualitative descriptive study, data were collected using observation and documentation techniques and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman (1984) model. The data were then analyzed using several theories and opinions within the five CMDA domains proposed by Herring (2004), namely: structure, meaning, interaction, behavior, and participation patterns. In terms of findings, the structural analysis yielded 17 syntactic patterns of utterances. The data show that the dominant pattern used by the subjects is FAdj + FN (36 data points), and most utterances are regular sentences (135 data points). The meaning analysis revealed three forms of subjects' attitudes, reflected in 17 types of utterances and 4 types of illocutions. In this regard, the majority of subjects support Russia (181 data points). The interaction and behavior analysis identified 4 functions of praise among male subjects, 2 functions among female subjects, 4 praise topics by male subjects, and 2 topics by female subjects. The data indicate that praise from male subjects is more frequent and diverse than that from female subjects (127 data points). The participation pattern analysis identified 18 dimensions and patterns influenced by media and communication situations. The findings in this section suggest that internet language varieties tend to resemble spoken language in written form. Overall, the linguistic evidence from this study indicates that the subjects tend to support Russia. This further reinforces the existence of a cultural revolution regarding bias toward actors in international conflicts
NEGOSIASI KEKUASAAN DALAM KONTEKS INTERAKSI KELAS: Analisis Wacana Kritis dalam Tuturan Dosen dan Mahasiswa
Get PDFBahasa merupakan alat strategis dalam negosiasi kekuasaan, khususnya dalam
interaksi pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian sebelumnya cenderung
menyoroti dominasi dosen sebagai bentuk kekuasaan yang statis. Penelitian ini
menawarkan perspektif baru dengan menelaah bagaimana kekuasaan
dinegosiasikan secara dinamis dalam interaksi kelas, serta bagaimana kognisi sosial
dan konteks sosial membentuk proses tersebut. Menggunakan pendekatan kritis dan
metode analitik dalam kerangka Analisis Wacana Kritis model van Dijk (1992), data
dikumpulkan dari transkripsi rekaman interaksi kelas dan catatan observasi di
Universitas Negeri Jakarta, sebuah konteks interaksi kelas yang jarang dieksplorasi
dalam kajian linguistik kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negosiasi
kekuasaan dipengaruhi oleh dinamika relasi kekuasaan yang terbentuk selama
interaksi, di mana bentuk dominasi bersifat fleksibel dan berubah sesuai konteks.
Tiga bentuk relasi kekuasaan teridentifikasi: dominasi dosen, relasi setara, dan
relasi hierarkis yang dinamis. Realisasi kognisi sosial memengaruhi sikap dan
respons peserta interaksi melalui konstruksi peran sosial, sedangkan faktor-faktor
seperti status institusional, hierarki akademik, dan tujuan komunikasi turut
membentuk strategi komunikasi yang digunakan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak
pada integrasi analisis bentuk relasi kekuasaan, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial
secara simultan dalam kerangka negosiasi kuasa. Pendekatan ini memberikan
pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif terhadap dinamika kekuasaan dalam interaksi
kelas, memperluas kontribusi dalam kajian analisis wacana kritis, serta berimplikasi
pada pengembangan model pembelajaran yang lebih dialogis dan partisipatif di
lingkungan pendidikan tinggi.
Kata kunci: negosiasi kuasa, wacana kelas, analisis wacana kritis, kognisi sosial,
konteks sosial, interaksi dosen–mahasiswa, pendidikan tinggi.
Abstract
Language functions as a strategic tool in the negotiation of power, particularly
within higher education classroom interactions. Previous studies have
predominantly emphasized teacher dominance as a static form of power. This
research offers a new perspective by examining how power is dynamically
negotiated in classroom discourse and how social cognition and social context
shape this process. Employing a critical approach and analytical methods within
van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework, data were collected from
transcriptions of classroom interactions and field notes from observations
conducted at Universitas Negeri Jakarta, a classroom discourse context that remains
underexplored in linguistic studies, particularly critical discourse analysis. The
findings reveal that power negotiation is flexible and shaped by the evolving
dynamics of social relationships during interaction. Three forms of power relations
were identified in teacher–student discourse: teacher dominance, egalitarian
relations, and dynamic hierarchical relations. The realization of social cognition
influences participants’ attitudes and responses through the construction of social
roles, while contextual factors such as institutional status, academic hierarchy, and
communicative goals shape the communication strategies employed. The novelty
of this study lies in its integrated analysis of power relations, social cognition, and
social context within the framework of power negotiation. This approach provides
a more comprehensive understanding of power dynamics in classroom interaction,
expands theoretical contributions to critical discourse analysis, and offers
implications for the development of more dialogic and participatory learning
models in higher education settings.
Keywords: power negotiation, classroom discourse, critical discourse analysis,
social cognition, social context, teacher–student interaction, higher education
ANALYZING INDONESIAN AND AMERICAN MULTILINGUALS REQUEST STRATEGIES AND THEIR RELATION TO INTERCULTURAL PRAGMATICS
Get PDFIn order to avoid misunderstanding when speaking another language, the speaker also needs to be able to adapt intercultural pragmatics and knowledge. This study entitled “Analyzing Indonesian and American Multilinguals Request Strategies and Their Relation to Intercultural Pragmatics” is aiming to analyze the request strategies produced by Indonesian and American multilingual in both Indonesian and English and how they achieve intercultural pragmatics knowledge. This qualitative study conveniently and purposively involved five Indonesians and Americans who speak both Indonesian and English fluently and have experience living in Indonesian and English speaking countries. The data were collected based on DCT scenarios, observations, and interviews. DCT and observations are conducted to analyze the participants’ request strategies in both languages considering power and distance. An interview is also conducted to determine the participants’ strategies in acquiring intercultural pragmatics knowledge in the context of request. The findings reveal that most Indonesians and Americans tend to use direct strategy when they make a request in Indonesian, while in English, they use indirect request strategy. The interview findings found that most Americans used a social-cognitive approach in acquiring the intercultural pragmatic knowledge. These findings contradict the theory of American directness and Indonesian indirectness. However, the directness of Indonesian is seen as solidarity form and friendliness. Therefore, it is suggested that if it is necessary, as a target language speaker, learning the culture, norms, and values of the target language are also important to increase intercultural pragmatic knowledge.
Agar dapat menghindari kesalahpahaman dalam berbicara bahasa lain, pembicara juga harus mampu memiliki kemampuan pengetahuan pragmatik antar budaya. Penelitian ini berjudul “Analyzing Indonesian and American Multilinguals Request Strategies and Their Relation to Intercultural Pragmatics” bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi perubahan kesopanan ketika membuat permintaan dalam bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris dan bagaimana mereka beradaptasi dengan budaya bahasa target. Penelitian kualitatif ini melibatkan lima orang Indonesia dan Amerika yang mampu berbicara baik bahasa Indonesian dan Inggris dengan fasih dan pernah tinggal di negara bahasa target. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan DCT, observasi, dan wawancara. DCT dan observasi dilakukan untuk menganalisis strategi permintaan yang dipakai oleh partisipan baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun Inggris. Wawancara juga dilakukan untuk menentukan strategi partisipan dalam menguasai pragmatic antar budaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa baik orang Indonesia maupun Amerika, mereka menggunakan strategi langsung ketika menggunakan bahasa Indonesia dan strategi tidak langsung ketika menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Sedangkan hasil wawancara menemukan bahwa hampir semua partisipan menggunakan pendekatan sosial-kognitif untuk menambah pengetahuan pragmatik antar budaya. Penemuan ini berbanding terbalik dengan teori yang menyatakan bahwa orang Amerika lebih direct dan orang Indonesia lebih indirect. Oleh karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan para pengguna bahasa Asing untuk juga belajar budaya, norma, dan nilai dari bahasa target karena dapat meningkatkan kompetensi antar budaya dan pragmatik
REPRESENTASI BUDAYA INDONESIA DALAM KIRIMAN INSTAGRAM G20 INDONESIA @INDONESIA.G20 : Analisis Wacana Kritis Multimodal
Get PDFPenelitian ini mengungkap representasi budaya Indonesia dalam kiriman Instagram G20 Indonesia @indonesia.g20. Instagram @indonesia.g20 adalah akun instagram resmi presidensi G20 Indonesia tahun 2022. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan apa jenis-jenis budaya yang direpresentasikan dalam kiriman Instagram @indonesia.g20; Mengungkap pola representasi unsur budaya Indonesia secara verbal dan visual dalam kiriman Instagram @indonesia.g20; serta menjelaskan ideologi dari kiriman-kiriman Instagram @indonesia.g20 tersebut. Analisis semacam ini tidak hanya memberi wawasan tentang bagaimana Indonesia membingkai identitas budayanya di kancah global, tetapi juga mengungkapkan narasi dominan yang ingin ditegaskan dalam konteks diplomasi digital dan nation branding. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatakan analisis wacana kritis multimodal. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data berupa gambar visual dan takarir yang berbentuk verbal yang berasal dari akun resmi Instagram G20 Indonesia @indonesia.g20. Data diambil melalui teknik purposif sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis wacana kriritis multimodal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam Instagram g20 Indonesia terdapat 6 jenis unsur budaya, yakni unsur budaya sistem pengetahuan-filosofi, sistem religi, sistem peralatan hidup dan teknologi, sistem mata pencaharian hidup, kesenian, dan permainan. Secara verbal pola representasi yang ditampilkan didominasi oleh proses relasional dan material. Secara budaya unsur-unsur budaya tersebut didominasi oleh kebudayaan Bali dan Jawa. Secara verbal, unsur budaya Indonesia tersebut direpresentasikan melalui narasi yang menekankan nilai-nilai moral, kebersamaan, spiritualitas, dan gotong royong. Proses relasional digunakan untuk menggambarkan keadaan, identitas, atau kualitas budaya. Sementara itu, proses material menunjukkan tindakan fisik atau menunjukkan kebudayaan yang bergerak. Kemudian, secara visual representasi proses yang digunakan didominasi oleh proses naratif. Secara visual, budaya direpresentasikan melalui gaya ilustrasi, foto kegiatan masyarakat, dan penggambaran simbolik yang menonjolkan unsur tradisi, komunitas, dan harmoni sosial. Sementara itu, ideologi kiriman-kiriman tersebut mengedepankan budaya lokal. Artinya, ideologi budaya lokal hadir sebagai cara negara atau institusi mengangkat unsur-unsur budaya yang khas dan mengakar di masyarakat, lalu membingkainya sebagai identitas nasional yang patut dibanggakan dan ditampilkan di hadapan dunia internasional.Artinya, budaya lokal tidak hanya ditampilkan sebagai warisan tradisional semata, tetapi juga sebagai alat naratif untuk membangun citra kolektif bangsa Indonesia yang religius, gotong royong, menghargai tradisi, dan hidup dalam harmoni. Selain itu, budaya lokal ini pun dikapitalisasi menjadi objek tontonan dalam pariwisata. Kapitalisasi budaya ini menciptakan paradoks: di satu sisi, ia memberikan peluang ekonomi dan ruang ekspresi bagi pelaku budaya lokal; namun di sisi lain, ia berisiko mereduksi makna budaya menjadi sekadar tontonan atau latar eksotis untuk kepentingan branding nasional. Representasi budaya di media sosial negara tidak hanya membentuk persepsi publik global tentang Indonesia, tetapi juga mempengaruhi cara masyarakat Indonesia sendiri memahami warisan budayanya, apakah sebagai warisan hidup, atau sekadar aset visual untuk dijual.
This study reveals the representation of Indonesian culture in the G20 Indonesia Instagram posts @indonesia.g20. Instagram @indonesia.g20 is the official Instagram account of the Indonesian G20 presidency in 2022. Specifically, this study aims to describe what types of culture are represented in the @indonesia.g20 Instagram posts; Reveal the pattern of verbal and visual representation of Indonesian cultural elements in the @indonesia.g20 Instagram posts; and explain the ideology of the @indonesia.g20 Instagram posts. This kind of analysis not only provides insight into how Indonesia frames its cultural identity in the global arena, but also reveals the dominant narrative that it wants to emphasize in the context of digital diplomacy and nation branding. This research method uses a qualitative method with a multimodal critical discourse analysis approach. (number of data) The data in this study are data in the form of visual images and captions in verbal form originating from the official G20 Indonesia Instagram account @indonesia.g20. The data were collected through a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used a multimodal critical discourse analysis approach. The results show that in the Indonesian g20 Instagram account, there are six types of cultural elements: cultural elements of the knowledge-philosophy system, religious system, life equipment and technology system, livelihood system, arts, and games. Verbally, the representation patterns displayed are dominated by relational and material processes. Culturally, these elements are dominated by Balinese and Javanese culture. Verbally, these elements of Indonesian culture are represented through narratives that emphasize moral values, togetherness, spirituality, and mutual cooperation. Relational processes are used to describe the state, identity, or quality of culture. Meanwhile, material processes indicate physical actions or show culture in motion. Visually, the representation of the processes used is dominated by narrative processes. Visually, culture is represented through illustration styles, photographs of community activities, and symbolic depictions that highlight elements of tradition, community, and social harmony. Meanwhile, the ideology of these transmissions prioritizes local culture. This means that local cultural ideology exists as a way for the state or institutions to elevate cultural elements that are unique and rooted in society, then frame them as a national identity that is worthy of pride and is presented to the international community. This means that local culture is not only presented as a traditional heritage but also as a narrative tool to build a collective image of the Indonesian nation as religious, cooperative, respectful of tradition, and living in harmony. In addition, this local culture is also capitalized on as an object of tourism spectacle. This cultural capitalization creates a paradox: on the one hand, it provides economic opportunities and a space for expression for local cultural actors; but on the other, it risks reducing cultural significance to mere spectacle or exotic backdrops for national branding purposes. Cultural representations on the country's social media not only shape global perceptions of Indonesia but also influence how Indonesians themselves understand their cultural heritage, whether it is a living legacy or simply a visual asset to be sold
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