1,354,188 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prima segnalazione di malattia nodulare branchiale nella trota fario (Salmo trutta L.)
No full textPRIMA SEGNALAZIONE DI MALATTIA NODULARE BRANCHIALE NELLA TROTA FARIO (SALMO TRUTTA L.)
Introduzione
La malattia nodulare branchiale (NGD) rappresenta uno dei maggiori problemi sanitari negli allevamenti italiani di trota iridea (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Episodi di NGD sono stati descritti in passato in salmerini alpini (Salvelinus alpinus) e salmoni reali (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) allevati in acqua dolce. A marzo 2017, durante un monitoraggio di NGD in trote iridee nella Provincia di Trento, sono stati osservati i primi casi di malattia nodulare branchiale nella trota fario.
Metodologia
Le trote fario infette provenivano da due allevamenti dove erano contemporaneamente presenti episodi di NGD nelle trote iridee. I pesci, di taglia compresa tra i 20-25g (vasca 1) e 40-45 g (vasca 2), venivano allevati in vasche a fondo naturale alimentate con acqua di pozzo e sorgente. La temperatura dell’acqua variava da 5,5 a 7,2 °C nella vasca 1 e da 8,9 a 11,2°C nella vasca 2.
Da ogni vasca sono stati prelevati mensilmente 25 pesci a marzo, aprile e maggio 2017 per un totale di 150 soggetti. Le trote sono state sottoposte ad esami necroscopici ed analisi microscopiche. Le branchie sono state sezionate e fissate in formalina tamponata al 10% per l’esame istologico. In seguito i campioni sono stati processati, inclusi in paraffina, sezionati a 4 μm e colorati con soluzione di Giemsa.
Risultati
Le trote fario osservate in vasca non mostravano né grave sintomatologia respiratoria né alte mortalità tipiche di NGD nelle trote iridee. In 53 pesci su 150 sono state osservate branchie dall’aspetto rigonfio e pallido con presenza di noduli biancastri lungo gli apici dei filamenti.
Microscopicamente le branchie colpite mostravano reazioni proliferative a carico dei filamenti con fusione delle lamelle, specialmente nelle porzioni distali. Le lesioni descritte, sia a livello macroscopico che microscopico, erano tipiche delle infezioni da NGD.
L’esame microscopico ha permesso di osservare trofozoiti di amebe (di diametro di circa 15 x 20 μm) lungo la superficie dei filamenti iperplastici.
Le analisi istologiche hanno evidenziato iperplasia ed ipertrofia dell’epitelio branchiale e delle cellule mucipare, necrosi e presenza di amebe lungo la superficie dei filamenti in 32 trote su 150 campionate.
Discussione
Nonostante l’assenza di gravi sintomatologie respiratorie e di alte mortalità, le alterazioni proliferative delle branchie associate alla presenza di amebe hanno mostrato come anche la trota fario possa essere interessata dalla malattia nodulare branchiale. Ulteriori studi appaiono necessari per chiarire gli aspetti eziopatogenetici della NGD in questa specie ed il suo coinvolgimento nella diffusione della patologia nelle troticolture italiane
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Occurrence of nodular gill disease in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
No full textNodular Gill Disease (NGD) in highly intensive farming systems plays a major role in production losses and its outbreaks can result in cumulative mortality exceeding 60%, especially during the winter months and early spring. NGD was described in rainbow trout farms of North America and Europe and appears to be caused by different species of amoebae, for example both testate (Roghostoma minus) and naked amoebae belonging to five genera. In the last few years, NGD is widespread in rainbow trout farms of northern and central Italy. In March 2017, during the epidemiological investigations into NGD in salmonid farms of northern Italy, the first cases of branchitis referable to amoebic infection in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) were observed. Twenty‐five live and moribund brown trout from each tank were collected at monthly intervals from March to May 2017 for a total of 150 fish. The samples were subjected to necropsy, parasitological analysis, histology and bacteriological and virological examinations for diagnostic purposes. Histological examination of gills from diseased and moribund brown trout showed characteristic pathological signs of NGD infection. The most significant change was the development of heavy gill lesions with variable degrees of lamellar fusion, especially in the distal part of filaments (clubbing), with obliteration of interlamellar spaces. A limited number of amoebae were detected along the surface of the gills. The lesions observed in fresh mounts and in histological sections obtained from the gills of the infected brown trout confirmed to be less serious than those detected in affected rainbow trout of the same farm. Therefore, this investigation, which reports for the first time NGD in brown trout, has shown that S. trutta would be less susceptible to this pathology than rainbow trout
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Occurrence of nodular gill disease in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
No full textIntroduction
Nodular gill disease (NGD) represents one of the most serious pathology affecting freshwater farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Italy. This disease has also been observed in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cultured in freshwater environment. The first case of branchitis associated with amoebic infection is detected in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in March 2017, during an investigation of NGD in rainbow trout in the province of Trento (Northern Italy).
Methodology
In a NGD affected rainbow trout farming an outbreak of low mortality occurred in brown trout in one earth tank supplied by spring water with temperature of 6°C. The average weight of the fish was 20-25g. Twenty five fish from the affected tank were collected for necropsy, microscopical and parasitological analysis. Gills were dissected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for histological examination. The samples were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned (4 μm) and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and Giemsa solution.
Results
The fish did not exhibit the typical respiratory symptoms described in NGD of the rainbow trout. The gill tissue appeared pale and swollen at the necropsy with whitish nodules in 9 out of 25 sampled trout. Microscopically numerous Gyrodactylus spp. were observed on the skin. The affected gills showed a proliferative reaction of some filaments, especially in the distal part. These lesions were typical of NGD infection. The microscopic examination of gill tissue revealed the presence of amoebic organisms (approximately 15 x 20 μm). The histology showed multi-focal epithelial hyperplasia of the gills causing lamellar fusion, mucous cells hypertrophy, cellular necrosis and presence of limited number of amoebae along the surface of the affected filaments in 6 out of 25 collected gills.
Discussion
Despite absence of respiratory symptoms and high mortality rate, gill proliferative lesions associated with amoebae shows that brown trout may be affected by nodular gill disease. Studies are in progress to clarify pathogenesis, biological and environmental determinants of NGD in brown trout and to define the involvement of this species in the spread of the disease in Italian trout farms
First occurrence of nodular gill disease in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
No full textIntroduction: Nodular gill disease (NGD) represents one of the most serious pathology
affecting freshwater farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Italy. This disease has
also been observed in arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) cultured in freshwater environment. The first case of branchitis associated with
amoebic infection is detected in farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in March 2017, during
an investigation of NGD in rainbow trout in the province of Trento (Northern Italy).
Methodology: In a NGD affected rainbow trout farming an outbreak of low mortality
occurred in brown trout in one earth tank supplied by spring water with temperature of 6°C.
The average weight of the fish was 20-25g. Twenty five fish from the affected tank were
collected for necropsy, microscopical and parasitological analysis. Gills were dissected and
fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for histological examination. The samples
were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned (4 μm) and stained with Hematoxylin
Eosin and Giemsa solution.
Results: The fish did not exhibit the typical respiratory symptoms described in NGD of the
rainbow trout. The gill tissue appeared pale and swollen at the necropsy with whitish nodules
in 9 out of 25 sampled trout. Microscopically numerous Gyrodactylus spp. were observed on
the skin. The affected gills showed a proliferative reaction of some filaments, especially in
the distal part. These lesions were typical of NGD infection. The microscopic examination of
gill tissue revealed the presence of amoebic organisms (approximately 15 x 20 μm). The
histology showed multi-focal epithelial hyperplasia of the gills causing lamellar fusion,
mucous cells hypertrophy, cellular necrosis and presence of limited number of amoebae
along the surface of the affected filaments in 6 out of 25 collected gills.
Conclusions: Despite absence of respiratory symptoms and high mortality rate, gill
proliferative lesions associated with amoebae shows that brown trout may be affected by
nodular gill disease. Studies are in progress to clarify pathogenesis, biological and
environmental determinants of NGD in brown trout and to define the involvement of this
species in the spread of the disease in Italian trout farms
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
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