1,721,017 research outputs found
The role of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in primary progressive MS.
No full text"Abstract Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is characterized by a steady progression of irreversible disability from the onset of the disease. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool to quantify the disease burden in the brain and spinal cord of patients with MS, measures derived from conventional MRI, including T2-visible lesions, gadolinium-enhancing lesions and atrophy, are correlated only weakly with the clinical manifestations of PPMS. On the contrary, advanced MRI techniques are contributing significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the irreversible accumulation of disability in PPMS patients. Data from quantitative MRI studies suggest that the extent and topography of ‘‘diffuse’’ damage in different central nervous system (CNS) compartments (i.e. normal-appearing brain white matter and grey matter and the spinal cord) is associated with the severity of disability in PPMS and can predict subsequent medium-term disease evolution. Functional MRI studies have shown that the impairment of the adaptive capacity of the cortex to limit the clinical consequences of structural CNS damage is yet another factor contributing to the manifestations of this condition.
What is the potential of paramagnetic rim lesions as diagnostic indicators in multiple sclerosis?
No full textIntroduction In multiple sclerosis (MS), paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) on MRI identify a subset of chronic active lesions (CALs), which have been linked through clinical and pathological studies to more severe disease course and greater disability accumulation. Beside their prognostic relevance, increasing evidence supports the use of PRL as a diagnostic biomarker. Areas covered This review summarizes the most recent updates regarding the MRI pathophysiology of PRL, their prevalence in MS (by clinical phenotypes) vs mimicking conditions, and their potential role as diagnostic MS biomarkers. We searched PubMed with terms including 'multiple sclerosis' AND 'paramagnetic rim lesions' OR 'iron rim lesions' OR 'rim lesions' for manuscripts published between January 2008 and July 2022. Expert opinion Current research suggests that PRL can improve the diagnostic specificity and the overall accuracy of MS diagnosis when used together with the dissemination in space MRI criteria and the central vein sign. Nevertheless, future prospective multicenter studies should further define the real-world prevalence and specificity of PRL. International guidelines are needed to establish methodological criteria for PRL identification before its implementation into clinical practice
Cervical cord fMRI abnormalities differ between the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Functional and Structural Connectivity of the Motor Network in Pediatric and Adult-Onset Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Spatial normalization and regional assessment of cord atrophy: voxel-based analysis of cervical cord 3D T1-weighted images.
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