1,721,014 research outputs found
Maize and Wheat; Strategic crops to fill Ethiopia's food basket
Full text linkPoster prepared for a share fair, Addis Ababa, May 201
Proceedings of Adaptation, Demonstration and Piloting of Irrigated Wheat Project: August 2021 - June 2025
No full textThis study assessed the adoption and impact of irrigated wheat technologies introduced through the Adaptation, Demonstration, and Piloting of Wheat Technologies for Irrigated Lowlands of Ethiopia (ADAPT-Wheat) project. The analysis is based on baseline (2022) and endline (2024) survey data collected from three districts in the Arsi Zone—Sire, Merti, and Jeju. Key findings: » Adoption patterns: Beneficiaries exhibited a higher rate of adoption of improved wheat varieties compared to non-beneficiaries. While Kingbird remained the dominant variety, the endline data revealed a shift toward newer varieties such as Daka and Boru, particularly among beneficiaries. This suggests a gradual diversification of wheat varieties influenced by project interventions, farmer preferences, and seed availability. » Input use and productivity: Wheat yields improved over time, with beneficiaries generally outperforming non-beneficiaries. Beneficiaries also reported slightly higher usage of fertilizers and herbicides, pointing to the impact of technical support and input access. These results underscore the importance of targeted interventions in seed distribution, fertilizer management, and extension services for enhancing productivity in irrigated wheat farming. » Spillover effects: Evidence of spillover effects was observed, as non-beneficiaries also adopted improved wheat technologies—particularly improved seed varieties. Adoption rates increased further when irrigation agronomy training was combined with other inputs. However, mechanization continued to exhibit lower adoption levels, likely due to access barriers such as cost and availability. »» Impact evaluation: The difference-in-differences (DID) analysis of yield outcomes showed positive but inconclusive results. While beneficiaries demonstrated a higher level of yield improvement, the short timeframe between baseline and endline likely limited the full capture of long-term impacts. Nonetheless, the observed gains provide an encouraging indication of progress, with the expectation that more conclusive impacts would emerge over a longer implementation and observation period. The findings confirm that well-targeted agricultural interventions—particularly those combining improved inputs with technical training—can drive adoption and improve productivity in smallholder irrigated wheat systems. While some adoption differences remain between direct and indirect beneficiaries, the positive trends in input use, varietal diversification, and yield improvement are promising. Strengthening seed systems, improving mechanization access, and extending the duration of support will be key to achieving sustained impact and scaling success across similar agroecological zones.145 page
Rust Resistant Wheat Varieties in Ethiopia from 2009/10 to 2013/14
No full textThis study tracks wheat varietal adoption by farmers in Ethiopia from 2009/10 to 2013/14 and
was based on two nearly identical national wheat variety adoption studies undertaken by EIAR
and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) over a four-year
period. A total of 2,096 households were surveyed in 2009/10 and 1,921 (all from the preceding
survey) in 2013/14. Three potentially significant factors influenced Ethiopian wheat farmers
during the four-year period between surveys. First, in 2010/11 one of the most devastating
stripe (yellow) rust epidemics in recent times hit many of Ethiopia’s wheat growing regions.
Second, on-going investments by national and international organizations helped to develop,
promote, and popularize improved rust resistant wheat varieties. Third, a new stem rust race
(race TKTTF) was detected in Ethiopia for the first time in 2012
CIMMYT and Ethiopia: Helping farmers achieve higher yields and incomes
No full textIn 2017, Ethiopia produced over 8 million tons of maize. In the same year, the country produced over 4 million tons of wheat, making it the largest wheat producer in subSaharan Africa. Demand for wheat still outstrips supply, and the country remains a net importer of the crop. Many farmers in Ethiopia – especially single women – live on the edge offood insecurity and poverty. Withincreased urbanization, demand forwheat and maize is increasing. In addition to being adversely affected by climate change, Ethiopian farmers often plant the same wheat varieties year after year, which makes their crops more susceptible to disease. In the face on these challenges, Ethiopia is aiming for self-sufficiency in wheat production by 2022.2 page
Temperature, planting depth, and genotype effects on seedling characteristics and seeding rate effects on agronomic and quality performance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textTemperature levels, planting depths, and cultivars, affected seedling traits as expected. An increase in temperature from 12.8/12.8 to 20/20°C increased coleoptile length by 21 min implying that higher temperatures facilitated coleoptile elongation. An increase in planting depth from 2.5 to 7.5 an increased coleoptile length, shoot length, and fresh weight and decreased root length and germination % of the seedlings across cultivars. Cultivars had a wide range of responses in their mean performance for the seedling traits. Scout 66, Nekota, and Niobrara were considered to have good seedling vigor while Alliance, Arapahoe and Centura, were considered to have poor seedling vigor. Strong and significant positive correlation between coleoptile length and germination %, shoot length and fresh weight, and fresh weight and dry weight were observed. In summary, planting depths and cultivars had a greater impact on seedling traits than did our temperature levels. Planting depth and cultivars are controllable management factors; hence the optimum depth must be practiced for the appropriate cultivar. Coleoptile length is the trait that was most significantly affected by temperature regimes, planting depths and cultivars. It is the best predictor of seedling vigor and hence can be used as a selection criterion in the development of cultivars with vigorous seedlings. While numerous experiments have studied how seeding rates affect agronomic performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, there are no or very few experiments which have studied how seeding rates affect end use quality particularly of modern wheat cultivars. Twenty winter wheat cultivars, were evaluated to assess the effect of cultivar and seeding rate on agronomic and quality performance of wheat. Significant differences among environments, seeding rates, cultivars and some of their interactions were identified. Lower seeding rates decreased stand density, grain yield and thousand-kernel weight and caused later flowering. Lower seeding rates also lowered flour yield and mixing time and raised flour protein content and mixing tolerance. Cultivars responded more to environmental conditions than to seeding rates. Agronomic and end use quality traits are greatly influenced by the prevailing environmental conditions, but not as much by seeding rates. Seeding rate is a predictable environmental factor which affects some agronomic and end use quality traits of wheat, hence should be carefully studied to obtain higher grain yields with relatively better end use quality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Management of wheat rust diseases, challenges and the way forward
No full textWheat is the most important food security crop globally. Recent world wheat production stand at 766 million tons on 216 million hectares though wheat production is challenged by various biotic, abiotic, and other factors. As a global leader in wheat research, CIMMYT’s primary goal is to develop broadly adapted germplasm with high and stable yield, durable disease resistance, stress tolerance and acceptable end-use quality strategically addressing the different mega-environments such as irrigated regions, high-rainfall areas, acid soils, semiarid zones, tropical areas, and winter wheat zones. CIMMYT’s Global wheat program is one of the most important public sources of high yielding, nutritious, disease resistant and climate-resilient wheat varieties for Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The program works with the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat, and NARS. The CIMMYT wheat breeding program is supported by multidisciplinary team of experts with breeders strategically and internationally located at key regional offices to facilitate germplasm and information exchange as well as technically support NARS. The primary focus of the breeding program is on core (must have) traits with some emphasis on additional traits for specific environments. The center is crossing, selecting, developing, and distributing stable, and high yielding advanced lines which includes some Zn and Fe enriched germplasm, with durable pest resistance, stress tolerance and superior quality using the different strategies, and methods, highlighted. In addition, CIMMYT collaboration with Ethiopian NARS in some areas will also be briefed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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