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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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The role of the compliance mechanism of the Paris Agreement in achieving equity and climate justice
Get PDFIn a departure from the largely top-down approach United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Kyoto Protocol, the new climate
treaty the Paris Agreement (PA) created a bottom-up approach where the obligations
and commitments emanating from the international agreement were created through a
self-assessed contribution in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
The Agreement also envisaged that its burden sharing efforts to address climate change
and implementation will be guided by equity, and the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities, in the light of different national circumstances
(CBDRRC). It also recognised the intrinsic relationship between raising ambition,
climate justice and equitable access to sustainable development.
Despite the explicit inclusion of equity, CBDRRC, and fairness considerations under
the climate regimes, the application of these guiding principles has remained politically
controversial and central to the North-South divide under the UNFCCC. The PA only
requires countries to reflect equity and fairness in their self-defined contribution. The
question remains how to ensure equity in such an agreement which is centred around
self-assessed obligations. Although the enforceability of self-determined obligations is
a broad problem, equity and fairness issues are further complicated in part by the
fluidity of the concepts, varying parameters of assessment utilised by countries in their
NDCs, and the structural and institutional limitations of the Agreement. A possible way
might be to utilise the interpretative and quasi-adjudicatory role of inbuilt mechanisms
of the Agreement to evaluate the fairness and equity of countries' contributions based
on their NDCs and their own equity parameters.
The PA aims to achieve the collective targets notably the temperature goal to hold
average temperature increases to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and the
adaptation and finance goals – that need to be implemented to curb climate change
through the accumulation of efforts contained in the NDCs of countries. The progress
made towards the achievement of these collective targets is assessed by the inbuilt
instrument of the Global Stocktake (GST), which promises to take account of the
collective contributions made vis-a-vis the PA's long-term goals and in light of equity.
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The GST, however, is not built as an individual accountability mechanism to look at
what each Party has contributed to the global effort. The Compliance Mechanism, on
the other hand, is designed to consider individual Party compliance issues. The
Mechanism can be employed to weigh the equity and fairness of individual
contributions made by countries. The question, however, is how the Compliance
Mechanisms of the Paris Agreement, currently under development, can assess whether
the self-determined obligations fulfil the equity principle either in terms of general
expectations or the self-determined parameters countries identify in their NDCs. What
role does the Compliance Mechanism – and by extension, the Compliance Committee
– play in determining (non-)compliance with the PA's equity requirements?
The Thesis examines to what extent the newly established Compliance Mechanism
(CM) as an inbuilt framework of the Paris Agreement could facilitate the
operationalisation of equity and climate justice. As the idea of operationalising equity
and climate justice within the framework of the compliance mechanism is a new topic,
this study will contribute a strong analytical and conceptual framework to the field. The
Thesis proposes three possible analytical models to operationalise the consideration of
equity and climate justice by the PA’s Compliance Mechanism. The procedural model
sees the role of the Mechanism limited to the assessment of the fulfilment of procedural
obligations related to equity, including communication of the reflection of countries on
the equity and fairness of their contributions. The model may also extend to the
assessment of other procedural obligations that ensure equity, such as the inclusiveness
of the national processes followed in designing the NDCs. The substantive model
anticipates the involvement of the CM in the assessment of the equity and fairness of a
Party’s contributions in their NDCs based on substantive criteria. Considering the
design of the CM that does not involve an adversarial contestation of the obligation of
countries, a strong mechanism must be in place to ensure minimum standards are
maintained to achieve the overall goal of the Agreement. The substantive model,
therefore, proposes a minimum objective standard of equity that the CM can use to
determine compliance with equity obligations under the Agreement while respecting
the facilitative nature of the PA Compliance Mechanism. The third model is the
integrated model, which incorporates elements from the two previous models in
response to the equity parameters and definitions adopted by different countries in their
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NDCs. This model will be more compatible with the bottom-up ethos of the Agreement
and the nature of the NDCs.
By incorporating a study of the architecture of the PA's CM, the substantive provisions
of the Agreement and lessons from other treaties, including the Kyoto Protocol
compliance mechanism, the Thesis will contribute to the understanding of how to
measure and assess equity in international climate change law. While some current
works on equity and justice in climate change agreements have looked at theoretical
and methodological issues with assessing equity of climate action this Thesis will
provide options that deal with institutional, procedural, and legal considerations within
the PA. The success of the PA and its goals will depend on the Parties' compliance. The
overall narrative of facilitating compliance is critical to the thesis. In any agreement
with inbuilt equity considerations, and more significantly in a self-defined obligation
centred agreement with inherent differentiated expectations, compliance can help
ensure equity. In the Paris Agreement, the achievement of equity and climate justice is
further promoted when the Compliance Mechanism is able and empowered to assess
the equity and fairness of climate action
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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