1,720,958 research outputs found
An African construction of colonial medicine: the Sokoto people’s perception and response to the British healthcare programmes
No full textAfter the conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate and the creation of the Sokoto Province in 1903, the British introduced a number of social programmes including healthcare services. However, the services met with a number of challenges, especially apathy by the people of the Province. This paper intends to bring a new perspective of African construction of colonial regime with a focus on healthcare programmes in Sokoto Province of northern Nigeria. Through the analysis of library sources, archival materials and oral information, the paper seeks to examine the basis for the ambivalent perception and reception of the British healthcare services by the Sokoto people. The paper argues that in spite of a number of legislative measures taken to ensure the acceptance of the services, there was community rejection of the services. As in the case of other areas in colonial Africa, suspicion and mistrust of colonial officers, Christian missions, western culture and the existence of indigenous belief systems were responsible for the questions regarding acceptability of western healthcare services. It is also observed that the current challenges of international healthcare programmes in the area, for instance, rejection of polio vaccine, is a spillover of Sokoto people’s suspicion of British healthcare programmes.
Keywords: African Construction, Colonial Medicine, Sokoto People and British Healthcare Programme
FROM COLONIAL PAST TO PRESENT: THE NEXUS OF SMALLPOX AND POLIO VACCINATION REJECTION IN NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis paper presents some historical precedents that provide a critical framework for interpreting the rejection of polio vaccination in North-western Nigeria. In this paper, qualitative content analysis of written and oral data is used to explore the genealogy of the suspicion that cloud both smallpox and polio vaccinations in the area. The main objective of the paper is to provide a critical analysis of the politics of smallpox vaccination that reveals mistrust that persists to the present. The paper observed that the people’s perception of colonial medicine and mistrust of colonial officers geared their apathy to smallpox vaccination in the zone. Traditional institutions and legislation were used to ensure the acceptance of the vaccination and this increased the suspicion when people perceived the strategy as a control mechanism than a genuine attempt to improve their public health. These memories of smallpox vaccinations have a direct impact on the contemporary polio eradication campaign. People perceived polio vaccination as a continuation of the surreptitious Western agenda. The findings of the study present that perceived mistrust of the West stands to be the significant challenge for polio eradication campaigns as it did during smallpox vaccination in the colonial era
The Place of History in Health Care Service Delivery: How Useful to Nigeria’s Health Care System
Get PDFListen to your patient. He is telling you the diagnosis (Sir William Osler, 1848-1919) emphasizes the importance of taking good history in clinical service delivery. Abstract History is a collection of records of the past happenings and experiences. Historians ask when, where and what happened in the past and historical records answer such questions satisfactorily. A number of epidemic and endemic diseases as well as illnesses and treatments occurred in the past upon which records are kept in various medical institutions and centres for historical researches. Health care practitioners ask such questions as when, where and how a disease or illness started and what type of treatments have been given over time. Historical records and oral interactions with patients answer such questions and throw light for further health care services. History also, reviews key issues in health care developments, provide insights into the challenges confronting health care delivery, bring out past mistakes including medical errors and make a compelling case for change. This article adopted qualitative approach and analyzed the extent to which history plays vital roles in health care service delivery. It is discovered that historical records are essential assets in ensuring that health care institutions and services are run effectively and efficiently. The records support not only clinical decision-making, but also health care policy-making in general and provide the reasons for the failures and successes of the past policies and services. Finally, the article shows how useful can the use of history be, in Nigeria’s health care system. Keywords: History, Disease, Illness and Health care Service Delivery. DOI: 10.7176/HRL/51-01 Publication date: February 29th 202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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