1,722,196 research outputs found
Senator Burr and Abdullah Abdullah
No full textSenator Burr and Chief Executive of Afghanistan Abdullah Abdullah meeting in the D.C. offic
Financial penalties in Islamic and Yemeni laws and their judicial applications / Abdo Abdullah Abdullah Saumaah
Full text linkThis study aims at analyzing the legitimacy of financial penalties in the scope of Shari’ah and Yemeni law. It is also to show the significance of financial penalties at a public and private level, highlight its contemporary types and forms, show the relevance of Shari’ah to Yemeni law, and to what extent they are linked in legitimizing financial penalties, as well as stating the aspects of agreement and disagreement between Shari’ah and Yemeni law in this regard. Moreover, it aims at studying and analyzing the rulings of the most prominent Yemeni courts relating to financial penalties, identifying whether these rulings conform to Shari’ah and Yemeni law, and identifying the aspects of development and deficiency in the Yemeni judiciary. The methodology of this study is based on the analytical and deductive method, considering Shari’ah texts and analyzing the articles of law and their judicial rulings. Besides, this study is also based on the comparative approach, in which Shari’ah texts and texts of law and judicial rulings are compared, and stating the aspects of agreement and disagreement between them. Among other findings, the study has concluded that the financial penalty is legitimate in its various forms, either being fine, destruction, deprivation, or confiscation, in addition to its need at public and private level, in order to achieve security and stability for the society. The study has also found scarcity in the jurisprudent texts and statements in some contemporary issues of financial penalties. Therefore, Islamic jurisprudence needs to enrich such issues. Besides, the study has shown that Yemeni law conforms to Shari’ah in most cases of financial penalties, except for some cases in which no financial penalty is specified by law. Moreover, it has been found that Shari’ah and Yemeni law are agreed in authorizing the Yemeni judge to a broad authority to punish by financial penalties and determine their forms and amounts, and consequently, the state is authorized to apply so. Furthermore, the study has revealed that there is a low amount of money imposed in many crime issues, in which fines are governed. It has also been demonstrated that Yemeni legislator has heavily adopted prison sentences compared to financial penalties. Finally, the study has found that the Yemeni judicial rulings applied to financial penalties are conformed to Shari’ah and Yemeni law in all forms, except in two cases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nanosecond and femtosecond fiber lasers using tungsten trioxide, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and turmeric saturable absorbers / Ahmed Shakir Abdullah Abdullah
Full text linkNanosecond and femtosecond fiber lasers have been intensively investigated in recent years for applications in material processing, imaging, and medical treatment because of the low thermal effect and high pulse energy. Passive techniques based on saturable absorber (SA) offer advantages over their active counterparts due to their unique electronic and optical properties as well as no need of external electrical modulation. This work was successfully explored three new materials: tungsten tri-oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), and turmeric [1, 7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 6 heptadiene-3, 5-dione] as the passive SA. These SAs were successfully fabricated, characterized, and utilized in generating Q-switched and mode-locked pulses in various fiber laser cavities. The highest modulation depth of 50 % was obtained by the organic SA fabricated by embedding PEDOT: PSS into PVA film. Various Q-switched fiber lasers were also demonstrated based on the newly developed SAs. For instance, Q-switched YDFL operating at 1063.78 nm was demonstrated using WO3 PVA thin film as SA. It generated Q-switched pulses with the maximum repetition rate of 39.79 kHz, minimum pulse width of 2.37 μs and maximum pulse energy of 625 nJ. The lowest pulse width of 580 ns was obtained with the organic SA based PEDOT: PSS embedded into PVA film. Various mode-locked fiber lasers operating in picosecond and femtosecond regimes were also realized using the newly developed SAs. At optimized design with a cavity length of 22.5 m, a soliton femtosecond pulse with 460 fs pulse width and peak power of 4.27 kW, was successfully achieved. This work has also successfully drawn attention to the potentials that organic materials have in fiber laser selakan-mod. Mereka serasi dengan bio, mesra alam, ringan dan fleksibel secara mekanikal
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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