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Антибактеріальна та антибіоплівкова активність екстрактів листя Albizia lebbeck у Pseudomonas aeruginosa, виділеної з інфекції сечовичних шляхів
No full textMicrobial infections have become one of the most pressing public health issues worldwide as a result of the emergence of resistance to current antibiotics. This has prompted scientists to examine the antibacterial characteristics of medicinal plants.
The aim of the study: Extract secondary metabolites from Albizia lebbeck and analyze how they affect Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Materials and methods: From the labs of the University of Baghdad's Genetic Eng. and Biotech. Institute, 10 isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained. The identification was confirmed by cultivating the isolates on cetrimide agar and using the VITEK2 technology.
Results: The chemical analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolite molecules such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, and tannins. The total phenols content of the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 71.11 mg/g and 45.15 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that at a concentration of 50 mg/ml, the methanolic extract outperformed the aqueous extract in free radical scavenging by 78. 65% to 91. 20%. Using the disk diffusion method, the methanolic extract also demonstrated higher antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract of Albizia lebbeck leaves, and its potency increased with increasing concentration. The methanolic extract's lowest inhibitory concentration against P. aeruginosa isolates was determined to be 16 mg/ml, whereas the aqueous extract's was 32 mg/ml. According to the biofilm formation experiment, the methanol extract inhibits the formation of biofilms at a concentration of 200 mg/ml, whereas the aqueous extract does so at a concentration of 400 mg/ml.
Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the secondary metabolites extracted from Albizia lebbeck leaves have a considerable antibacterial and antibiofilm action on P. aeruginosa, even though the bacterial isolates create a strong biofilm. This research has shown that Albizia lebbeck leaves can be used in traditional therapy for bacterial infections and diseases caused by oxidative stress since they contain therapeutic phytochemicals with strong antibacterial and antioxidant effectsМікробні інфекції стали однією з найактуальніших проблем охорони здоров'я в усьому світі в результаті появи стійкості до сучасних антибіотиків. Це спонукало вчених дослідити антибактеріальні властивості лікарських рослин.
Мета цього дослідження: Екстрагувати вторинні метаболіти з Albizia lebbeck та проаналізувати, як вони впливають на Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Матеріали та методи: З лабораторій Інституту генетичної інженерії та біотехнології Багдадського університету було отримано 10 ізолятів P. aeruginosa. Ідентифікацію було підтверджено культивуванням ізолятів на цетримідовому агарі з використанням технології VITEK2.
Результати: Хімічний аналіз метанольного та водного екстрактів виявив наявність молекул вторинних метаболітів, таких як алкалоїди, флавоноїди, глікозиди, феноли, сапоніни та таніни. Загальний вміст фенолів у метанольному та водному екстрактах становив 71,11 мг/г та 45,15 мг/г відповідно. Крім того, результати показали, що при концентрації 50 мг/мл метанольний екстракт перевершив водний екстракт у поглинанні вільних радикалів на 78,65% до 91,20%. За допомогою методу дискової дифузії метанольний екстракт також продемонстрував вищу антибактеріальну активність, ніж водний екстракт листя Albizia lebbeck, і його ефективність зростала зі збільшенням концентрації. Найнижча інгібуюча концентрація метанольного екстракту проти ізолятів P. aeruginosa становила 16 мг/мл, тоді як для водного екстракту вона становила 32 мг/мл. Згідно з експериментом з утворення біоплівки, метанольний екстракт пригнічує утворення біоплівок у концентрації 200 мг/мл, тоді як водний екстракт робить це у концентрації 400 мг/мл.
Висновки: Ця робота продемонструвала, що вторинні метаболіти, екстраговані з листя Albizia lebbeck, мають значну антибактеріальну та антибіоплівкову дію на P. aeruginosa, навіть попри те, що бактеріальні ізоляти створюють міцну біоплівку. Це дослідження показало, що листя Albizia lebbeck може бути використане в традиційній терапії бактеріальних інфекцій та захворювань, спричинених оксидативним стресом, оскільки вони містять терапевтичні фітохімічні речовини з сильною антибактеріальною та антиоксидантною діє
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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