7 research outputs found
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFICACY OF NATIVE LANGUAGE USAGE ON LEARNERS' MENTAL ALERTNESS IN LIERACY PROGRAMME, SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
No full textAbstract: The implementation of literacy programme is besieging with the instructional medium of using English Language. Thus, necessitated the conduct of this study. Descriptive research survey design was used. The study population comprised, programme participants of literacy programme in South West, Nigeria. The sample size of the study was One hundred and eighty (180) respondents. From each of the six states in South West, Nigeria (Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun , Lagos and Ekiti) thirty (30) participants were selected through a simple random sampling technique from each of the Literacy programmes centre that had the highest number or numerical strength of participant. Two research questions were raised for the study. A self-developed research instrument titled, “Rating Scale on Empirical Investigation on Efficacy of Native Language usage on Learners Mental Alertness in literacy programme in South-West, Nigeria’’. It was fashioned on four likert rating scale on Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Disagreed (D) and Strongly Disagreed (SD) to collect data, quantitatively. It was complemented with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The research instruments were validated by two experts in test and measurement while the reliability of the quantitative instrument was determined through test and retest method and 0.66 coefficient reliability was obtained. Data collected on research questions was analyzed, using descriptive statistics (frequency, counts, simple percentages and mean), while that of quantitative data was collected and transcribed, qualitatively. Based on the findings of the study, conclusion were made that the use of local or native language could enhance clientele learning effectiveness and facilitation instructional delivery competence. Based on the conclusions recommendations were therefore made that native language along with English language should be used, facilities and teachers should be encouraged also, on the use of native language in the teaching of literacy skills in literacy programme in South West, Nigeria.
Keywords: Efficacy, Native language, Mental alertness, Literacy programme.
Title: EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFICACY OF NATIVE LANGUAGE USAGE ON LEARNERS’ MENTAL ALERTNESS IN LIERACY PROGRAMME, SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
Author: MR. AKINBEBIJE, JOHN, MISS KOMOLAFE, AYOTUNDE, MRS. OGUNDARE, FEHINTOLA JULIANAH, MRS. OLAGOKE, CAROLINE OLAYINKA
International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning
ISSN 2394-9686
Vol. 9, Issue 3, May 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 1-6
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published date: 03-May-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514956
Paper Download Link (Source):
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/EMPIRICAL%20INVESTIGATION-03052022-5.pdfNovelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com, International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, ISSN 2394-968
Global Call to Action: maximize the public health impact of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa.
No full textIntermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy is a highly cost-effective intervention which significantly improves maternal and birth outcomes among mothers and their newborns who live in areas of moderate to high malaria transmission. However, coverage in sub-Saharan Africa remains unacceptably low, calling for urgent action to increase uptake dramatically and maximize its public health impact. The 'Global Call to Action' outlines priority actions that will pave the way to success in achieving national and international coverage targets. Immediate action is needed from national health institutions in malaria-endemic countries, the donor community, the research community, members of the pharmaceutical industry and private sector, along with technical partners at the global and local levels, to protect pregnant women and their babies from the preventable, adverse effects of malaria in pregnancy
The safety of artemisinins during pregnancy: a pressing question.
No full textBACKGROUND: An increasing number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa are changing to artemisinins combination therapy (ACT) as first or second line treatment for malaria. There is an urgent need to assess the safety of these drugs in pregnant women who may be inadvertently exposed to or actively treated with ACTs. OBJECTIVES: To examine existing published evidence on the relationship between artemisinin compounds and adverse pregnancy outcomes and consider the published evidence with regard to the safety of these compounds when administered during pregnancy. METHODS: Studies on ACT use in pregnancy were identified via searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Current Contents databases. Data on study characteristics, maternal adverse events, pregnancy outcomes and infant follow up were extracted. RESULTS: Fourteen relevant studies (nine descriptive/case reports and five controlled trials) were identified. Numbers of participants in these studies ranged from six to 461. Overall there were reports on 945 women exposed to an artemisinin during pregnancy, 123 in the 1st trimester and 822 in 2nd or 3rd trimesters. The primary end points for these studies were drug efficacy and parasite clearance. Secondary endpoints were birth outcomes including low birth weight, pre-term birth, pregnancy loss, congenital anomalies and developmental milestones. While none of the studies found evidence for an association between the use of artemisinin compounds and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, none were of sufficient size to detect small differences in event rates that could be of public health importance. Heterogeneity between studies in the artemisinin and comparator drugs used, and in definitions of adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited any pooled analysis. CONCLUSION: The limited data available suggest that artemisinins are effective and unlikely to be cause of foetal loss or abnormalities, when used in late pregnancy. However, none of these studies had adequate power to rule out rare serious adverse events, even in 2nd and 3rd trimesters and there is not enough evidence to effectively assess the risk-benefit profile of artemisinin compounds for pregnant women particularly for 1st trimester exposure. Methodologically rigorous, larger studies and post-marketing pharmacovigilance are urgently required
Systematic review: Impact of meningococcal vaccination on pharyngeal carriage of meningococci.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of meningococcal vaccines on pharyngeal carriage of meningococci. METHODS: Systematic review. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. Controlled trials and observational studies which used comparison groups or compared carriage rates before and after vaccination were included in the review. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies reported the effect of a polysaccharide vaccine, one the effect of a serogroup C conjugate vaccine and three the impact of serogroup B outer-membrane vaccines on overall and/or serogroup-specific meningococcal carriage rates. Ten studies of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines found reduced serogroup-specific carriage; seven of these focussed on high-risk groups and had a short follow-up period. Only one of five studies of civilian populations in Africa showed a significantly reduced carriage. Many studies had methodological shortcomings. The one study which assessed the effect of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine on carriage showed a significant impact. Three studies of serogroup B outer-membrane protein vaccines showed no effect on carriage. CONCLUSIONS: A few well-designed trials of the impact of meningococcal vaccines on carriage have been undertaken. Such studies should be an essential component of the evaluation of new meningococcal vaccines, particularly those introduced to control epidemic meningococcal disease in Africa
a multivariable meta-analysis with genomic imputation
No full textFunding Information: Cancer Research UK; UK Research and Innovation.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council, as part of United Kingdom Research and Innovation (also known as UK Research and Innovation) as well as Cancer Research UK. For the purpose of open access, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. The authors thank Ms Isla Kuhn, Head of Medical Library Services, University of Cambridge, for search strategy consultations and acknowledge the contributions of Ms Alexandra M Cardoso Pinto, Ms Angelica Akrami, Mr Martin Tam, and Mr Justin Ho. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council , as part of United Kingdom Research and Innovation (also known as UK Research and Innovation) as well as Cancer Research UK . For the purpose of open access, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyBackground: SARS-CoV-2 is known to impact patients with cancer adversely. Previous meta-analyses have lacked clarity on the recency of cancer diagnosis, anti-cancer treatment durations, and SARS-CoV-2 specific variants of concern (VOC). This study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 multivariable-adjusted clinical outcomes between patients with cancer and those without cancer, identifying key risk factors spanning pre- and post-Omicron periods. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified from Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database prospective and retrospective case–control studies and cohort studies published from 1st January 2019 to 22nd November 2024. We included case–control and cohort studies comparing at least 10 patients with active cancer (diagnosed or treated within three years prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection) to controls without cancer using multivariable analyses. Exclusion criteria included lack of clarity about active/inactive status of cancer, lack of a control group without cancer, lack of multivariate analysis comparing outcomes of interest in patients with active cancer vs patients without cancer, case reports or case series, and SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis not confirmed via laboratory testing. Outcomes measured were SARS-CoV-2 infection severity (WHO ordinal scale) and mortality differences by tumour type, treatment, and VOC (using sequencing data from NCBI Genbank and GISAID). A random-effects meta-analysis model was applied. The systematic review was PRISMA compliant and was registered with PROSPERO, CRD420234454524. Findings: Of 35,501 studies initially identified, 30 met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 281,270 patients with cancer and 18,876,411 controls. Using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) risk of bias standards, 21 studies were rated good, one study rated was fair, and eight studies were rated poor. We found higher mortality odds ratios (OR) in patients with cancer infected with SARS-CoV-2: 1·40 (95% CI: 1·12–1·73, I2 = 98·1%) for solid tumours and 2·10 (95% CI: 1·43–3·07, I2 = 97·3%) for haematological malignancies, with the difference in mortality between these groups not reaching statistical significance (Q (1) = 3·32; p = 0·0068). Amongst the solid cancers, thoracic and colorectal were linked to increased odds of mortality (ORs: 2·63 [95% CI: 1·65–4·20, I2 = 98·7%], and 1·65 [95% CI: 1·26–2·15, I2 = 92·7%], respectively). Metastatic cancers (OR: 3·59; 95% CI: 1·07–12·04, I2 = 99·5%) were also linked to greater odds of mortality compared to localised cancers (OR: 1·76; 95% CI: 1·32–2·34, I2 = 96·6%; p = 0·26). No cancer types showed a reduced risk vs controls. Mortality varied significantly among VOCs; Alpha (OR: 4·59; 95% CI: 2·66–7·92, I2: N/A) and Omicron (OR: 2·74; 95% CI: 1·84–4·09, I2 = 90·2%) were more associated with death than the ancestral Wu-1 (OR: 1·43; 95% CI: 1·14–1·80, I2 = 98·2%) and Delta (OR: 1·94; 95% CI: 1·65–2·29, I2:N/A) variants (X2 (4) = 20·4; p = 0·0004). Interpretation: This comprehensive meta-analysis indicates that patients with active cancer with SARS-CoV-2 have a higher risk of mortality and hospitalisation than those without cancer. The risk of death was comparable between active solid and haematological tumours. SARS-CoV-2 severity and mortality risks were higher with thoracic, colorectal, or any metastatic cancers. Additionally, differences were noted in mortality risks across VOCs, diverging from VOC-associated mortality patterns in the general population. However, the strict three-year cutoff used to define active cancer excludes studies that used broader cancer criteria (i.e., any history of cancer), which may limit generalisability. Further limitations include varied definitions of disease severity, retrospective data collection, incomplete vaccination or lineage data, and significant between-study heterogeneity, potentially influencing these findings. Funding: Cancer Research UK; UK Research and Innovation.publishersversionpublishe
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study
No full textOBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally
Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textChildhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality
