1,720,990 research outputs found
Income inequality and economic growth
Full text linkA central issue in the growth literature is whether initial conditions matter for income disparity among nations. If they don\u27t, then countries will converge to a single regime once the structural features of the economies are controlled for. If they do, then countries will converge to multiple regimes even if the structural features are controlled for. This dissertation is designed to investigate whether the world is characterized by a single or multiple regimes. The first paper investigates whether the predictions of a particular multiple-regime model due to Galor and Zeira (1993) are borne out by the data. The baseline analysis is carried out with a sample of 46 countries (for which data are available) during the period 1970-2000. The analysis produces results that are consistent with the model. These results are broadly robust to different model specifications, sample periods, and permutations of alternative control variables. We take these results as evidence in support of the multiple-regime models. The second paper examines whether the conclusions of another multiple-regime model due to Kremer and Chen (2002) are borne out by the data. The baseline analysis is also carried out with a sample of 46 countries during the period 1970-2000. The analysis produces results that are consistent with the model. These results are broadly robust across different human capital differential variables, different sample sizes, and additional control variables. We take these results as evidence in support of the multiple-regime models. The third paper revisits the convergence hypothesis test using a new stochastic dominance method. The baseline analysis is carried out with a sample of 100 countries during the period 1960-2000. Together with the robustness check, the analysis yields results that are consistent with the club convergence hypothesis. We take these results as evidence in support of the multiple-regime models
The impact of price change on consumer choice of automobiles
Full text linkThe objective of this paper is to examine whether a change in the price of a given model of
national automobiles affects the choice of alternative car models by consumers. Four models of
national automobiles - Saga 1.3cc, Saga 1.5cc, Wira 1.3cc, and Wira 1.5cc - are considered over
the period 2000–2002. The results based on the conditional logit model indicate that all of the alternative models are substitutes to each other
The Impact af a Price Change on Consumer Choice of Automobiles
No full textThis paper studies the impact of price change on the consumer choice of four selected automobiles in Malaysia: Saga 1.3cc, Saga 1.5cc, Wira 1.3cc, and Wira 1.5cc. The data were obtained from automobile reports compiled by the Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA), and analysed using the conditional and nested logit models. Our empirical analysis produced several key findings. Firstly, the sales of Saga 1.3cc appeared to be affected by change in the price of Wira 1.3cc only, and vice versa. Secondly, the sales of Saga 1.5cc did not appear to be affected by change in the price of other models. Finally, the sales of Wira 1.5cc also did not appear to be affected by change in the price of other models. Taken together, these results suggested that, except for Saga 1.3cc and Wira 1.3cc, there is little or no evidence that all of the car models under consideration are substitutes to each other in a pairwise comparison.
 
Islamic Development Bank (IDB), foreign aid and the challenges for sustainable development in Africa
Full text linkForeign aid/development assistance involves the transfer of resources in whatever form from the developed countries or multilateral financial institutions like World Bank, IMF, Islamic Development Bank (IDB) etc. to less
developed or developing countries for the purpose of promoting and stimulating their economies for growth and development. Unfortunately, most of these countries, especially the African countries are characterized by multiple problems such as bad leadership and governance, mismanagement and corruption, debt crisis,
insufficient and poor infrastructure, chronic poverty etc.; and all these problems have continued to make nonsense of foreign aid’s judicious and optimal utilization and impact on their economies.However, considering
the position and role of IDB over the years in the global economic development; this paper examined the developmental activities of IDB in Africa and some of the challenges for sustainable development.In line with the
Financial Two Gap Model (Double Deficit Model) and also the Islamic economic principle of Wide Circulation of Wealth, this paper therefore argues that there are a lot of challenges confronting the continent, which the Bank could assist in resolving through its development assistance, especially in the Muslim populated countries i.e. African Muslim Countries (AMCs). Challenges like Human capital development (HCD), poverty alleviation, corruption and mismanagement, infrastructural development, and good governance among others have enormous implications for sustainable development in the continent. And hence, this paper recommends that IDB should give more attention and priority to growth promoting types of foreign aid like program aid, sectoral aid, technical assistance etc. rather than financial aid, which is often squander. Doing this would facilitate the development process and by extension the desire for sustainability in the continent
The Dynamic Relationship between Crime and Economic Growth in Nigeria
No full textCrime is a major impediment to economic growth and development in Nigeria despite measures taken to reduce it. There is, however, currently no major statistical analysis of how crime affects economic growth in that country. This study examines the link between crime and growth based on the theory of rational choice and empirical data. Exogenous and endogenous growth models are employed, and include deterrence variables. The period examined is 1970–2013 and estimation is done using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results of our study show that crime affects economic growth at a 1% and 10% level of significance. In other words, crime imposes the costs of prosecution and punishment on the citizens and country, which influences the growth of the economy. Given our results, we suggest that police and the system of justice should be strengthened. Indeed, this may be necessary if the development target stated in Nigeria vision 20: 2020 is to be reached
Does entrepreneurship bring an equal society and alleviate poverty? Evidence from Thailand
Full text linkThe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Report 2007 records that Thailand has a remarkably high entrepreneurial activity, even if compared to Japan or the United States.Many studies, including Schumpeter (1934) [1] emphasised the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth and development of a country. Entrepreneurs, characterised by their attitudes to be imaginative, innovative, authoritative, and risk-taking, drive innovation and technological change in the economy, which are crucial in economic growth and development and lead to higher income of the population.On the other hand,entrepreneurship has been considered to associate with higher inequality because the risk embodied in it. Although, during 1990 to 2002 poverty reduction in Thailand has been claimed to be success but income inequality became higher. This raise the question that does entrepreneurship have any impact on reduction of poverty and inequality in Thailand? Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of entrepreneurship in income inequality and poverty of Thailand.Towards this ends, the analysis on the impact of entrepreneurship on income of the poor, income inequality and poverty are carried out by performing regression analysis.This study uses data that are disaggregated into 76 provinces in Thailand, obtained from official government documents.The regression models follows Beck et al (2005) [2], by running regression based on cross sectional data. Results suggest that entrepreneurship, measured as the number of new business establishment, has a significant negative effect on growth of Gini-coefficient and the headcount index but there is no significant effect on income of the poor.In addition, to confirm these relationships, we expand the data by using 76 provinces of Thailand from 1995 to 2008, and are estimated by three different methods – pooled OLS, random effects and fixed effects.Based on the first two methods, we found that entrepreneurship does not have a significant impact on income of the poor, income inequality and number of poverty. However, the result of the Hausman test necessitates a re-estimation of the model by the fixed effects method.Using the fixed effects methods, our results indicate that entrepreneurship is insignificant. We take this result as evidence that entrepreneurship plays little or no role in income distribution and poverty of Thailand
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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