343 research outputs found
Gender Classification Using Smartphone Sensors and Machine Learning Approaches
No full textGait analysis is typically associated with the pattern of the human walk. Determining it with computational means can be helpful in many ways-from identifying individual humans to detecting gait-related diseases. In comparison to the expensive approaches and devices, which are limited to laboratories, smart- phones with motion sensors are low-cost solutions through which we can analyze mobility and gait patterns. Thus, in this work, we present the usage of smartphone sensors for data acquisition followed by machine learning-based gender classification, which is a baseline for different gait-related tasks. In this regard, we collected data from 14 persons in different tracks, paces, and movement styles; after adequate normalization, iterative feature elimination, and Monte-Carlo experiment-based ML training, we found the Decision Tree is the most optimal algorithm with attaining 90.6 % balanced-accuracy
Body Measurements and Body Condition Scoring as Basis for Estimation of Live Weight in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
No full textImplementation of management recommendations for the Nili-Ravi buffalo in small-and medium scale commercial dairy production systems in Pakistan is hampered by difficulties to determine body weight (BW) of the animal. A workable and reliable method of predicting BW of this breed by using body measurements and body condition scoring (BCS) was therefore explored. Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n=211) were divided into three age groups (1-3 years = G1; >3-8 years = G2; >8 years = G3). Animals were weighed on a mechanical scale and their heart girth (HG), body length (BL) and shoulder height (SH) were measured. In addition, BCS was performed using a 5 point scale. Recorded data were subjected to simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The overall mean values of BW, HG, BL, SH and BCS were 359 +/- 160.9 kg, 170 +/- 30.1 cm, 130 +/- 19.2 cm, 125 +/- 14.5 cm and 3.8 +/- 0.77. With correlation coefficients (r) of 0.97 (HG), 0.94 (BL), 0.93 (SH) and 0.43 (BCS), the relationship between the individual independent variable with BW were significant (P<0.01) in all cases. The multiple linear regression between BW and HG, BL and BCS was highly significant (P<0.001) for each of the three groups (G1: r(2) = 0.95, G2: r(2) = 0.86, G3: r(2) = 0.83). Buffalo farmers who lack mechanical or electronic scales to regularly determine BW of their animals can thus combine simple morphometric body measurements (HG, BL) with BCS or just rely on HG in order to calculate feed requirements, monitor growth, determine breeding age, marketing weight and estimate the animals' cash value. (C) 2013 PVJ. All rights reserve
Body Measurements and Body Condition Scoring as Basis for Estimation of Live Weight in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
No full textImplementation of management recommendations for the Nili-Ravi buffalo in small-and medium scale commercial dairy production systems in Pakistan is hampered by difficulties to determine body weight (BW) of the animal. A workable and reliable method of predicting BW of this breed by using body measurements and body condition scoring (BCS) was therefore explored. Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n=211) were divided into three age groups (1-3 years = G1; >3-8 years = G2; >8 years = G3). Animals were weighed on a mechanical scale and their heart girth (HG), body length (BL) and shoulder height (SH) were measured. In addition, BCS was performed using a 5 point scale. Recorded data were subjected to simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The overall mean values of BW, HG, BL, SH and BCS were 359 +/- 160.9 kg, 170 +/- 30.1 cm, 130 +/- 19.2 cm, 125 +/- 14.5 cm and 3.8 +/- 0.77. With correlation coefficients (r) of 0.97 (HG), 0.94 (BL), 0.93 (SH) and 0.43 (BCS), the relationship between the individual independent variable with BW were significant (P<0.01) in all cases. The multiple linear regression between BW and HG, BL and BCS was highly significant (P<0.001) for each of the three groups (G1: r(2) = 0.95, G2: r(2) = 0.86, G3: r(2) = 0.83). Buffalo farmers who lack mechanical or electronic scales to regularly determine BW of their animals can thus combine simple morphometric body measurements (HG, BL) with BCS or just rely on HG in order to calculate feed requirements, monitor growth, determine breeding age, marketing weight and estimate the animals' cash value. (C) 2013 PVJ. All rights reserve
Jurisprudential Singularities and Anomalies: A Critical Comparative Analysis of Tafeer-ul-Quran and Matalib-ul-Furqan in the Light of Tafseer-e-Haqqani and Tafseer-e-Sanai
Get PDFThe paper aims at analyzing the jurisprudential singularities and anomalies arising from the individualistic opinions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Ahmad Pervaiz in their exegeses of Quran, namely Tafseer-ul-Quran and Matalib-ul-Furqan respectively, in critical and comparative light of Tafseer-e-Haqqani by Maulana Abdul Haq Haqqani and Tafsser-e-Sanai by Maulana Sana Ullah Amratsari. It has remained a common practice throughout Islamic history that various sects have moulded Quranic interpretations according to their beliefs and ideologies. Consequently, different kinds of exegeses of Quran appeared on the horizon. In the context of the Sub-Continent, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan is considered the torch bearer of the first era and Ghulam Ahmad Pervaiz led the second era of the reason-based deviant school of thought. Their Quranic commentaries are full of ideological and jurisprudential anomalies as they preferred their opinions over the interpretations of majority of Muslim scholars and jurists. The main reason for the jurisprudential anomalies in their exegeses is that both of them negate authentic Hadith as a basic source of Islamic law, whenever it is in contrast with their personal preferences. However, the orthodox scholars like Maulana Abdual Haq Haqqani and Maulana Sana Ullah Amratsari have critiqued such individualistic opinions by criticizing their authenticity in light of the teachings of the mainstream Islam. Moreover, they have tried to explain jurisprudential ordinances, such as Hajj, Sacrifice, Compensation of Fasting, Food of Ahl-e-Kitab (people of the book) and Usury, in the true Islamic spirit
Sustainable Soil Management in Alkaline Soils: The Role of Biochar and Organic Nitrogen in Enhancing Soil Fertility
No full textBiochar (BC) serves a vital function in sequestering carbon, improving nutrient cycles, and boosting overall soil quality. This research explored the enhancement of the chemical and physical properties of soil (alkaline) using nitrogen and biochar (from organic and inorganic sources) in a semi-arid climate during the autumn seasons of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. The study involved applying biochar at various rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha⁻1) and nitrogen at different levels (0, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha⁻1) using urea, poultry manure (PM), and farmyard manure (FYM) as nitrogen sources, which were applied to the field in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement. The application of biochar at the highest rate (30 t ha⁻1) resulted in a significant increase of over 120% in soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil moisture content (SMC). Additionally, it increased total soil nitrogen (STN) by 14.16% and mineral nitrogen (SMN) by 9.09%. In contrast, applying biochar at this rate reduced soil bulk density (SBD), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) by 28.52%, 3.38%, and 2.27%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, applying nitrogen at 150 kg ha⁻1 using FYM significantly improved SOC, SOM, SMC, and SBD. At the same rate, using PM as a nitrogen source enhanced STN and SMN while reducing soil pH and EC. In conclusion, this study shows that applying biochar at 30 t ha⁻1 combined with nitrogen at 150 kg ha⁻1, sourced from either PM or FYM, offers great potential for improving soil fertility and promoting carbon sequestration in alkaline soils of semi-arid regions. These findings highlight the value of integrating BC and organic N sources for enhancing agroecosystem sustainability. Thus, this study provides a promising pathway to enhance soil quality, improve crop productivity, and support sustainable agricultural practices in challenging environments
Vision-Based Monocular SLAM in Micro Aerial Vehicle
Get PDFMicro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) are popular for their efficiency, agility, and lightweights. They can navigate in dynamic environments that cannot be accessed by humans or traditional aircraft. These MAVs rely on GPS and it will be difficult for GPS-denied areas where it is obstructed by buildings and other obstacles. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in an unknown environment can solve the aforementioned problems faced by flying robots. A rotation and scale invariant visual-based solution, oriented fast and rotated brief (ORB-SLAM) is one of the best solutions for localization and mapping using monocular vision.
In this paper, an ORB-SLAM3 has been used to carry out the research on localizing micro-aerial vehicle Tello and mapping an unknown environment. The effectiveness of ORB-SLAM3 was tested in a variety of indoor environments. An integrated adaptive controller was used for an autonomous flight that used the 3D map, produced by ORB-SLAM3 and our proposed novel technique for robust initialization of the SLAM system during flight. The results show that ORB-SLAM3 can provide accurate localization and mapping for flying robots, even in challenging scenarios with fast motion, large camera movements, and dynamic environments. Furthermore, our results show that the proposed system is capable of navigating and mapping challenging indoor situations
Keyway CNC planer : determining machining force
No full textThis thesis investigates the cutting forces generated during vertical slotting of keyways using a custom cutting tool holder provided by Astex Engineering Oy. The goal was to determine whether high cutting forces (axial and bending forces) were responsible for poor surface quality and dimensional inaccuracies in wider keyways. Force measurements were carried out using a strain gauge-based method, which allowed both axial and bending forces to be calculated from the strain values on the cutting tool holder during slotting operations.
The experiments showed that increasing the cutting speed generally led to lower cutting forces, while a higher radial engagement significantly increased bending forces. These increased forces were linked to tool deflection, which likely contributed to the observed quality issues. The study confirmed that cutting parameters such as stepover had a strong influence on force levels, and therefore directly impact machining performance.
The results support the use of strain gauges for force estimation in slotting and provide valuable input for future tool and slotting machine design. This work fills a gap in the limited research on vertical slotting and offers practical insights for improving machining accuracy and surface finish through optimized cutting conditions
Hospital waste management rules 2005 and current practices in selected hospitals of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Get PDFWithin the scope of the study, the current situation and management practices regarding healthcare waste such as waste generation, segregation, on-site and off side collection and transportation, storage, and disposal were examined. Moreover, this study analysed the implementation status of hospital waste management (HWM) rules 2005 in both public and private hospitals also discussed the overall causes of malpractices of waste management as well as factors contributing to better healthcare waste management particularly in the private hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Qualitative research method was used for this study. In total, forty-four interviews were conducted in selected public and private hospitals equally, of which thirty-seven were semi-structured interviews and remaining seven were informal interviews. The study found the improper applications, inconsistencies, and deficiencies in the whole system of the waste management. The limited knowledge of hospital waste management rules 2005 particularly among nurses, paramedics, waste handling staff and administration in public hospitals was a serious concern. Lack of proper and simple monitoring and supervision system has further exacerbated the situation. Similarly, the limited scope and complicated nature of the regulations in hospital waste management rules 2005 makes the compliance challenging. Based on the evaluation of hospital waste management (HWM) rules 2005 and comparison of the current practices in both public and private sectors, changes and amendments in the healthcare waste management legislation and the reasons for the gaps between the public and private sectors were identified. These include the revision of legislation section No.4 to section No.14 and similarly section No.23 and section No.24 to make the rules practically implementable in both public and private sectors. The findings should be a good basis for making improvements in the management of healthcare waste in Peshawar as well as in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.M-IE
Politics of Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Muhammad Khan (1910-1967)
Get PDFPolitical ideology of Nawab of Kalabagh Malik Amir Muhammad Khan (1910-67) was based on the perception of a highly educated but conservative feudal. He advocated status quo in almost all the matters including foreign relations. He advised Ayub Khan not to switch over to China because it would antagonise U.S.A. He was not so optimist about the solution of Kashmir issue. His pragmatic approach favoured the peaceful method of negotiation instead of confrontation. General perception portrays him as a typical landlord who was averse to education and freedom of press. Evidences from history reveal that there is a partial truth in it. He liked a responsible press which should not be left unbridled. Bengalis of East Pakistan made the bigger chunk of the total population of Pakistan. He, as a non-Bengali of West Pakistan, was apprehensive of their strength in numbers. Anti-One Unit politicians were secessionists in the eyes of Nawab so were dealt severely. He treated his political rivals according to their strength and ambitions. He was suspicious of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto because he (Bhutto) was too ambitious to be trusted. He allegedly victimized Chaudhri Zahoor Elahi because Chaudhri had desired to replace him. Mawlana A. Sattar Niazi, Habibullah Paracha and Pir of Makhad Sharif used to challenge his supremacy in his native area so Nawab had to deal them harshly. It can be derived that his political outlook reflected the mindset of a typical feudal lord
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