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Islam and the Foundations of Political Power, by Ali Abdel Razek
No full textAli Abdel Razek, Islam and the Foundations of Political Power, translated by Maryam Loutfi, edited by Abdou Filali-Ansary, Edinburgh University Press, 2012 and 2013. The publication of this essay in Egypt in 1925 took the contemporaries of Ali Abdel Razek by storm. At a time when there was widespread turmoil over the abolition of the caliphate by Ataturk in Turkey, Ali Abdel Razek, a religious cleric trained at Al-Azhar University, argued in favour of secularism. The abolition of the caliphat..
Islam and the Foundations of Political Power, by Ali Abdel Razek
No full textAli Abdel Razek, Islam and the Foundations of Political Power, translated by Maryam Loutfi, edited by Abdou Filali-Ansary, Edinburgh University Press, 2012 and 2013. The publication of this essay in Egypt in 1925 took the contemporaries of Ali Abdel Razek by storm. At a time when there was widespread turmoil over the abolition of the caliphate by Ataturk in Turkey, Ali Abdel Razek, a religious cleric trained at Al-Azhar University, argued in favour of secularism. The abolition of the caliphat..
Islam and the Foundations of Political Power
Get PDFThe publication of this essay in Egypt in 1925 took the contemporaries of Ali Abdel Razek by storm.
At a time when there was widespread turmoil over the abolition of the caliphate by Ataturk in Turkey, Ali Abdel Razek, a religious cleric trained at Al-Azhar University, argued in favour of secularism.
The abolition of the caliphate had re-ignited the question of Islam and its relationship to political power. This essay unleashed the Arab world’s first great public debate published in the press with polemics supporting or refuting Ali Abdel Razek’s ideas.https://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_intranslation/1000/thumbnail.jp
Ali Abdel razek and the theory of separation of Islam and politics: A critical evaluation
No full textA year after Atatürk abolished the institution of the caliphate, Ali Abdel Razek, an Islamic scholar from the traditional al-Azhar University, published a not-too-thick volume entitled Islam and the Foundations of Political Power and initiated a new and dynamic discussion of completely unexpected proportions about the relationship between Islam and politics. Distinguished professors of al-Azhar had an urgent meeting and made a decision that Abdel Razek should be stripped of his title of an Islamic cleric because of the views he had expounded in his book. However, despite this, in the following decades his book became one of the most popular texts among the contemporary Muslim thinkers in the Egyptian scientific and political circles and beyond. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the contents of this book we notice that Abdel Razek persistently attempts to show that the caliphate did not have any benefit for the Muslims, and that it even was a source of permanent injustice and evil. He concludes that the political power, the state and even the judiciary should not be connected with religion, because they are exclusively political phenomena. He also insists that the Prophet Muhammad was a purely spiritual leader and that he had never contemplated the concepts of political authority or the state. For this reason he explicitly claims that politics and religion are mutually incompatible and warns Muslims that they must follow the latest results of human reason in the field of political science if they wish to consolidate the foundations and structure of the political power in their societies. However, we notice that, due to his frequent and generally objective criticism of the Caliphs and their policies in various historical periods, Abdel Razek ignores the fact that in the Quran and the Islamic tradition there are frequent references to the political power, the judiciary, defense issues, economic control, and the organization of internal and international politics, that is, that both the Quran and the Islamic tradition contain teachings about a different policy that leads one toward eternal bliss. Such policy, the ultimate purpose of which is the enlightenment of man and society, was written about extensively by the representatives of a brilliant political philosophy and political jurisprudence in Islam, who relied on the cognitive credibility of the religious texts and the various categories of theoretical and practical reason
DESIGNING THE METRIC SURVEY FOR BUILT HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION USING 360° IMAGES AND AN ONLINE CLOUD-BASED PLATFORM
Get PDFThe documentation process of Built Heritage could be really challenging, and managing the different phases of this process is not always straightforward. The metric survey design is still one of the most complex and delicate tasks in the overall process: it drives the activities of data acquisition, processing, validation, interpretation, and final product delivery. It encompasses several aspects: stakeholders involvement, choice of instruments and techniques, available resources (not only economical but also in terms of human resources) timelines, etc. Moreover, a wrong or inaccurate metric survey design can lead to significant mistakes during the data acquisition phase that can result in the collection of redundant data or, worst-case scenario, a lack of data. After a brief state-of-the-art in the European and Italian framework, the research presented in this work will focus on the different aspects of the documentation process and, more specifically, on new digital tools that can assist this step of the Built Heritage documentation. More specifically, the contribution will focus on 360° cameras and the related cloud-based platforms for using and sharing these types of data. This market sector has been rapidly growing in the last years, and we faced a lowering of the purchase costs for these systems together with a wider availability of different sensors. Finally, the resolution has reached exciting levels with sensors that can record 360° data up to 6K/8K
Penicisteroid C: New polyoxygenated steroid produced by co-culturing of Streptomyces piomogenus with Aspergillus niger
No full textAbdel-Razek AS, Hamed A, Frese M, Sewald N, Shaaban M. Penicisteroid C: New polyoxygenated steroid produced by co-culturing of Streptomyces piomogenus with Aspergillus niger. Steroids. 2018;138:21-25.Penicisteroid C, a new polyoxygenated steroid was isolated from co-cultivation of Streptomyces piomogenus AS63D and Aspergillus niger using solid-state fermentation on rice medium. Additional diverse eleven known metabolites were identified: Fumigaclavine C, fumiquinazoline C, physcion, methylsulochrin, methyllinoleate, glycerol linoleate, cerebroside A, thymine, adenine, thymidine and adenosine. The structure of penicisteroid C was determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic activities of the microbial extract and penicisteroid C were reported as well
Comparing genetic markers' efficiencies for discrimination between two commercially important holothuroids in the Mediterranean Sea, Holothuria polii and Holothuria sanctori
No full textMohammed-Geba, Khaled, Abbas, Eman M., Ahmed, Hamdy O., Shalabi, Mohammed A., Hamed, El Sayed A. E., Abdel Razek, Fatma A., Soliman, Taha (2022): Comparing genetic markers' efficiencies for discrimination between two commercially important holothuroids in the Mediterranean Sea, Holothuria polii and Holothuria sanctori. Zootaxa 5092 (5): 559-575, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.
Qarounispora Nourel-Din, Abdel-Aziz & Abdel-Wahab 2022, gen. nov.
No full textQarounispora Nourel-Din, Abdel-Aziz & Abdel-Wahab, gen. nov. MycoBank number: MB 841141 Etymology:— Named after the Qaroun Lake. Ascomata perithecial, ostiolate, papillate, partly immersed or superficial, globose to subglobose, yellow to orangebrown in color, membranous. Neck cylindrical to conical, hyaline to yellow, periphysate. Peridium membranous, onelayered, forming textura angularis. Catenophyses present, developing from the pseudoparenchyma of the centrum. Asci unitunicate, thin-walled, without an apical apparatus, developing at the base of the ascomatal venter, eight-spored, semi-persistent, clavate or broadly ellipsoidal. Ascospores hyaline to yellow-orange in color, one-septate, thick-walled, distoseptate, ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, with one polar appendage. Type species:— Qarounispora grandiappendiculata Nourel-Din, Abdel-Aziz & Abdel-Wahab. Notes:— There are five genera in the Halosphaeiaceae that possess one polar appendage to the ascospores: Moana Kohlm. & Volkm. -Kohlm., Oceanitis Kohlm., Okeanomyces K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Ophiodeira Kohlm. & Volkm. -Kohlm. and Tirispora E.B.G. Jones & Vrijmoed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal multigenes placed Qarounispora in a phylogenetically distant clade from these five genera. The new genus grouped with species of Nimbospora (Figure 1). However, both genera are morphologically different. The ascospores of Nimbospora have two type of appendages: enlarged sheath surrounding the ascospores and fibrillar equatorial appendages. Moana turbinulata Kohlm. & Volkm-Kohlm. differs from Qarounispora grandiappendiculata by having thin-walled, unicellular ascospores with a turban-like appendage which uncoils in seawater to produce a long ribbon (Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1989). Oceanitis differs from Qarounispora by having long and fusiform, hyaline, multi-septate ascospores, with uncoiling appendages at one or both poles (Shearer & Crane 1980, Dupont et al. 2009). Okeanomyces differs from Qarounispora by having brown to black ascomata, early deliquescing asci and cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline ascospores with a cap-like, subglobose, terminal, deciduous appendage at one end (Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer 1979, Pang et al. 2004). Ophiodeira differs from Qarounispora by having dark-brown ascomata that is immersed under a thin black stroma and the nature of the ascospore appendage that is cap-like, attached to the apex and side of the ascospore, at first stiff and homogenous, in water becoming soft and banner-like, eventually transforming into a coil of delicate fibers that uncoil and form long, sticky filaments (Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1988). Tirispora differs from Qarounispora by having dark-brown ascomata, asci with a ring and apical plate, and the nature of the appendage that is initially adpressed to spore wall but unfurls to form a long filamentous thread (Jones et al. 1994). Halosarpheia japonica Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama has one polar appendage that consists of amorphous material enclosed in cellular sheath that dissolves in water and the appendage swell to form huge tree-like appendage that is similar in its nature and shape to the appendages of Qarounispora grandiappendiculata. However, H. japonica differs from Qarounispora grandiappendiculata by having brown to black, large ascomata with thick peridium with unicellular ascospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal genes placed H. japonica in the Halosarpheia sensu stricto (Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama 2012).Published as part of Nourel-Din, Ali A. H., Abdel-Aziz, Faten A. & Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A., 2022, Qarounispora grandiappendiculata gen. et sp. nov. (Halosphaeriaceae, Microascales) from Qaroun Lake, Egypt, pp. 86-94 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/582397
Qarounispora grandiappendiculata Nourel-Din, Abdel-Aziz & Abdel-Wahab 2022, sp. nov.
No full textQarounispora grandiappendiculata Nourel-Din, Abdel-Aziz & Abdel-Wahab, sp. nov. (Figure 2) MycoBank number: MB 841142 Etymology:— In reference to the large-sized polar appendage to the ascospore. Type:— EGYPT. El-Faiyum governorate: Qaroun Lake, on decaying submerged wood, 29° 29′ 00″ N 30° 49′ 09″ E, 20 November 2018, Coll. A. A. H. Nourel-Din (SUMCC H-17009, holotype). Ascomata 125–200 μm in diameter (x = 166.5 μm, n = 7), perithecial, ostiolate, papillate, superficial or partly immersed, globose to subglobose, yellow to orange-brown in color, membranous. Neck 50–90 μm long, 45–60 μm diam., cylindrical to conical, hyaline to yellow-orange, periphysate, ascospores ooze from the ostiolar canal forming spore mass that is bright yellow-orange in color. Peridium 12.3–22.8 μm thick, membranous, one-layered, yellow to orange-brown in color, forming textura angularis. Catenophyses present. Asci 65–115 × 30–45 μm (x = 86 × 38 μm, n = 6), unitunicate, thin-walled, without an apical apparatus, eight-spored, developing at the base of the ascomatal venter, semi-persistent, clavate or broadly ellipsoidal. Ascospores 18–40 × 13–18 μm (x = 27 × 14 μm, n = 50), hyaline to yellow-orange in color, thick-walled, distoseptate, one septate, not constricted at the septum, ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal. Appendages present, one polar appendage coiled inside a globose sheath connected with the ascospore by a hyaline rib and the appendage swell in water to form irregular amorphous large structure 20.3–59 × 14–24.2 μm. Notes:— Qarounispora grandiappendiculata is characterized by having yellow to orange, superficial or partly immersed, membranous ascomata, one layered peridial wall, semi-persistent asci, one-septate, thick-walled, distoseptate, hyaline to yellow-orange, broadly ellipsoidal ascospores with amorphous, large and irregular one polar appendage.Published as part of Nourel-Din, Ali A. H., Abdel-Aziz, Faten A. & Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A., 2022, Qarounispora grandiappendiculata gen. et sp. nov. (Halosphaeriaceae, Microascales) from Qaroun Lake, Egypt, pp. 86-94 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on pages 91-92, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/582397
Evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer: the role of Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging (DW-MRI)
No full textPURPOSE: To evaluate the role of MRI Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) to detect pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with prostate cancer (PC) candidate to radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2011 to March 2012, 5 patients with PC (high or intermediate risk patients), were scanned before surgical treatment using a 3T MRI scanner and a 8 channel phased-array surface body coil. Imaging protocol included T2w FSE, T1w FSE and DWI sequence (b-values: 0, 500, 800, 1000 and 1500 s/mm^2).
The appearance of benign and metastatic lymph nodes on the FSE MR images was analyzed by two observers in conference.
The measurement of the ADC value was performed, in the following nodal stations: external iliac proximal and distal, internal iliac proximal and distal and obturatory, each on both right and left sides.
RESULTS: A total of 84 lymph nodes were removed during surgery and histologically analysed. The smallest metastatic lymph node detected by this method measured 4mm on its short axis. The appearance of benign and metastatic lymph nodes on the FSE MR images was documented in terms of short axis, the long to short axis ratio, node contour and intranodal heterogeneity signal intensity, in all ten nodal stations. For each of these parameters a Grading Score system was assigned using a two-point-level score and the grade system was obtained by adding the point-level obtained for each of these 4 parameters. The Grading Score ranged from 4, indicator of benign nature, to 8, with 8 having the worst score indicator of malignant nature. The mean Grading Score was 6,46 ± 0,42 in the nodal metastatic group and 5,02 ± 0,59 in the nodal non-metastatic group ( P 4 was considered suspicious for malignancy.
With the threshold score of 4, the lymph node station-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy for FSE-MRI analysis, were 100%, 19%, 29%, 100% and 39%, respectively.
Mean ADC value was 0.796 ± 0,09 × 10^–3 mm^2/s in the nodal metastatic group and 1,17 ± 0,25 × 10^–3 mm^2/s in the nodal non-metastatic group ( P = 0.0008).
The ADC cut-off value, obtained by the ROC curve was 0.91 × 10^–3 mm^2/s.
The lymph node station-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 100%, 95,2%, 87,5%, 100% and 96,4%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data seem to suggest that DW-MRI of lymph nodes can now be performed as part of a primary tumour staging without significantly increasing the imaging time. This unique modality can help to distinguish benign from malignant lymph nodes and that it is more accurate than FSE-MRI evaluation alone. Further, large scale studies are certainly needed to confirm our initial results
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