1,720,956 research outputs found
Al-Razi works and contributions in neurological sciences
Get PDFThis chapter investigates AI-Razi's contributions in neurology and the main focus of it is to accrue AI-Razi works in neurological sciences. Related information and data were col1ected from reliable sources. Abu Bakar Muhamed Ibn Zakariya Al-Razi was born in the Iranian city of al-Rayy, south of modern Tehran at 864 AD and came to Baghdad to study medicine and subsequently completed his medical training in Muqtadiri Hospita
Ionic liquid solvent design framework for extraction of phytochemicals using microwave-assisted method
Get PDFComputer aided molecular design (CAMD) has been used widely for solvent design. It is a reverse approach in the selection of solvents for real application. CAMD is suitable for ionic liquid solvent design due the vast possibilities of ionic liquid molecular structures to be identified. Ionic liquid has broad ranges of applications especially in separation especially in carbon capture and azeotropic separation. This is due to the unique structures of ionic liquid that can be tailored for specific product separation. This study focuses on ionic liquid design framework for phytochemical extraction, incorporating the prediction of the extraction yield using the microwave-assisted method. The framework was developed in several stages. Stage 1 identifies the user needs, problems and constraints as well as target properties. Stage 2 comprise of comprehensive database development for ionic liquid and phytochemical properties; while property models' library was developed in Stage 3. Stage 4 involved the development of solvent design algorithm for ionic liquid selection for the targeted process. In Stage 5, depending on the type of extraction method considered, either using normal Soxhlet or a microwave-assisted extraction, the extraction yield can be predicted using the process performance model. The performance model for the liquid extraction is the thermodynamic solid-liquid equilibria model while for the advanced extraction method, the model was obtained through optimization of the experimental extraction process. This systematic framework is illustrated through a case study involving flavonoid and phenolic acid extraction from Ortosiphon aureus. Based on the yield prediction, 1-ethyl-3- propylimidazoilum bromide can extract 29.92 mg/g and was selected as a solvent for Flavonoid extraction using Microwave-assisted extraction. The design framework is able to find the optimal ionic liquid candidate for the extraction process
Cytotoxicity study of Schizophyllum commune extract towards DF-1 cell line
No full textSchizophyllum commune is a filamentous fungus widely known and distributed across the
world continents. Although S. commune was acknowledged for its medicinal properties in
countries like China and Japan, the Malaysian strain of S. Commune has not been fully
utilized and developed. These basidiomycetes can be found abundantly in rubber
plantations across Malaysia especially after raining season. S. commune excreted an
exopolysaccharide known as Schizophyllan which can be identified as a homoGlucan
containing a β-(1,3)-linked backbone with single β-(1,6)-linked glucose side chains at every
third residue. Schizophyllan is believed to have an antiviral, antimicrobial as well as
anticancer activity. The purpose of this study is to observe the cytotoxicity effect of S.
commune extract towards the DF-1 cell line. The selected Malaysian strain of S.commune
mycelia were cultivated by liquid fermentation using shake flasks in selective media and
under certain condition to produce the secondary bioactive compound. Compound was
extracted by addition of isopropanol that will be separated later using centrifugation. The
analysis of S. commune extract by FTIR showed the weak bond at 890 cm-1 as evidenced of
the β-glycosidic linkage characteristic. The cytotoxicity analysis showed only 37 percent of
inhibition rate of DF-1 cell line viability for 1 mg/ml of S. commune extract and the value
of IC50 is higher 100 mg/ml showed there was no cytotoxic effect. Therefore, the S.
commune is safe to be used for further study involving this cell line
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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