1,720,973 research outputs found
Malaysian Biomass Resources: Green Renewable Contribution in the National Energy Mix
No full textBeing a major agricultural commodity producer in the region Malaysia is well positioned amongst the ASEAN countries to promote the use of biomass as a renewable energy source in the national energy mix. The palm oil industry, the second largest in the world, has over 4 million hectares of plantation. The palm oil milling industry produces large amount of solid residues, the volumes of which for the year 2007 are: empty fruit bunches EFB (16.7 million tonnes), fruit fibres (12.2.million tonnes), and palm kernel shell (4.9 million tonnes). Besides the oil palm milling industry residues, other biomass contributors includes, the timber industry, rice industry and bagasse. These biomass residues, if fully utilized as fuel for power generation, would have the potential of annual generation of 31,900 GWh, with maximum generating capacity of 3,600 MW. Under the National Energy Policy set in 1979, three principal energy objectives, which are instrumental in guiding the future energy sector development, were established. These are Supply, Utilization and Environmental Objectives. In 2001, the beginning of the Eighth Malaysian Plan, Renewable Energy (RE) was regarded as the fifth fuel in the new Five Fuel Strategy in the energy supply mix. The target is that RE contributes 5% of the country’s electricity demand by the year 2005. Malaysia’s Five Fuel Diversification Policy provides the renewable energy policy guidance while the current grid-based small renewable energy programmes (SREP) and the renewable energy power purchase agreement (REPPA), embodies the national renewable energy strategy. To reinforce these policy instruments, the Malaysian Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water launched the National Green Technology Policy in the middle of 2009 that include Green Energy Technology. This paper presents the overall scenario of the Malaysia’s biomass resources, the status of biomass contribution to the nation’s energy mix, the challenges faced by the biomass promoters, and future research and development activities in developing optimized and efficient technologies at the Centre for Renewable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional.</jats:p
Influence of SO2 on heterogeneous reaction between NO and char
No full textReactions between NO and char were investigated in a fluidised bed reactor in the presence of
SO2. The reaction between NO and char is enhanced in the presence of SO2. NO conversion was
found to increase by about 50 to 100% when 1250 p.p.m. SO2 were present in the fluidising gas
mixture. The products of the reactions are CO/CO2 and N2 with the CO/CO2 ratio decreasing as
the SO2 concentration is increased. The SO2 concentration was found to be unaffected by the
NO/char reactio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Development of Renewable Energy in Malaysia-Strategic Initiatives for Carbon Reduction in the Power Generation Sector
No full textAbstractMalaysia introduced renewable energy as the 5th fuel strategy in the energy-mix under the National Energy Policy in 2001. A target was set at 500 MW grid-connected power generations by 2005 from renewable energy sources. The small renewable energy power program (SREP) was launched at the same time with fiscal incentives to support this initiative. Malaysia has huge potential renewable energy resources in the form of biomass, solar and hydro. However, the implementation of SREP was not up to expectation due to several barriers and challenges faced by the authorities and developers, and the target was revised in 2006 to 350 MW by 2010. At the COP15 in Copenhagen, Malaysia pledged a voluntary reduction of up to 40% in terms of emissions intensity of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels. With this commitment the Renewable Energy Act (RE Act 2010) was enacted in 2011 with provision of Feed-in Tariff, providing more attractive incentives to spur the implementation of grid-connected power generation from renewable energy resources. With the new RE Act2010, the target is revised to 985 MW by 2015, 2,080 MW (2020) and to 21,000 MW in 2050. This paper describes the development of renewable energy policy framework, strategies and initiatives for renewable energy implementation in Malaysia, in an effort to reduce carbon emissions as pledged at the COP15. This paper also provides examples of renewable power generation currently implemented and the on-going research and development activities to enhance the exploitation of renewable energy resources in Malaysia
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