1,720,959 research outputs found

    Data set: Average daily minimum temperature in January and February in Corsica

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    Raster providing the average of the daily minimum temperature in Celsius degrees over January and February in Corsica from 1995 to 2003 with a 0.016667x0.0166671 resolution in latitude and longitude. Construction: This raster was constructed from the freely available database (PVGIS © European Communities, 2001-2008) providing, in particular, monthly averages of the daily minimum temperature reconstructed over a grid with 1×\times1km spatial resolution (Huld et al., 2006). These monthly averages correspond to the period 1995-2003 and were used by Abboud et al. (2019, 2020) to model Xylella fastidious dynamics in South Corsica. Load the raster in the R statistical software (v4.1.2): library(raster) ADMT=raster("average-daily-minimum-temperature_Corsica_Abboud-et-al_Forecasting.grd") print(ADMT) plot(ADMT) Summary information: class : RasterLayer dimensions : 108, 78, 8424 (nrow, ncol, ncell) resolution : 0.016667, 0.016667 (x, y) extent : 8.400708, 9.700734, 41.30018, 43.10021 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax) crs : +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs source : average-daily-minimum-temperature_Corsica_Abboud-et-al_Forecasting.grd names : layer values : -0.6748945, 6.75789 (min, max) References: - Abboud, C., Bonnefon, O., Parent, E., and Soubeyrand, S. (2019). Dating and localizing an invasion from post-introduction data and a coupled reaction–diffusion–absorption model. Journal of Mathematical Biology 79, 765–789. - Abboud, C., Parent, E., Bonnefon, O., and Soubeyrand, S. (2022). Forecasting pathogen dynamics with Bayesian model-averaging: Application to Xylella fastidiosa. Preprint. - Huld, T. A., Suri, M., Dunlop, E. D., and Micale, F. (2006). Estimating average daytime and daily temperature profiles within Europe. Environmental Modelling & Software 21, 1650–1661

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    Inferring and predicting invasive species dynamics : focus on Xylella fastidiosa

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    La thèse porte sur la recherche d’une méthodologie générique permettant d'améliorer les prédictions d’une invasion biologique pour laquelle on ne dispose pas de modèle spécifique et dont les conditions initiales sont inconnues. Pour atteindre cet objectif, on procède suivant deux axes de recherche complémentaires. Dans le premier axe, on s’intéresse à l’inférence des invasions biologiques à partir d’un modèle spatio-temporel de propagation et de données collectées, en suivant une approche mécanistico-statistique. Elle repose sur (i) une équation aux dérivées partielles (EDP) offrant une représentation concise d’une dynamique qui envahit un domaine hétérogène, (ii) un modèle stochastique représentant le processus d’observation et (iii) une méthode d’inférence Bayésienne pour estimer les paramètres du modèle. Un modèle dérivé des processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux est proposé pour remplacer l'EDP permettant un compromis entre réalisme du modèle et facilité d’estimation. Dans le deuxième axe, on propose une approche prenant en compte les incertitudes entourant des modèles en compétition. La technique du Bayesian model-averaging combine les prédictions de ces modèles pour obtenir une prédiction unifiée améliorée. Cette technique a souvent été utilisée en sciences environnementales. Toutefois, elle n’est pas répandue dans le domaine de l’épidémiologie. L’un des buts méthodologiques de la thèse est d’en évaluer l’intérêt pour l’épidémiologie prédictive. Le cas d’étude est celui de Xylella fastidiosa, bactérie phytopathogène ayant le potentiel de causer en France une crise sanitaire majeure en santé végétale à l’image de celle qu’elle cause depuis 2013 en ItalieThe thesis research aims to provide a generic methodology that improves the predictions of an invasive species dynamics for which no dedicated model is available and whose initial conditions are unknown. In order to achieve this goal, we proceed in two complementary lines of research. The first one is to propose a model&data-based inference method of biological invasions, in the framework of the so-called mechanistic-statistical approach. This method allows us to jointly estimate the introduction point and other parameters of the dynamics related to diffusion, reproduction and death. It is hinged on (i) a partial differential equation (PDE) that offers a concise description of the invasive species dynamics in a heterogeneous domain, (ii) a stochastic model that represents the observation process and (iii) a statistical Bayesian inference procedure for estimating model parameters. We propose to replace the PDE by a model issued from the framework of Piecewise-deterministic Markov Process to balance the trade-off between model realism and estimation easiness. The second research line consists on accounting for the uncertainty about models form using the Bayesian model-averaging. This method consists of combining predictions drawn from competing models in order to obtain a unique and ameliorated prediction. This technique is not widespread in the field of epidemiology. One of the methodological goals of the PhD is to investigate its application and usefulness in predictive epidemiology. The case study of my thesis is the phytopathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa which is susceptible to cause in France a major sanitary crisis as the one caused in Italy since 201

    Inférer et Prédire les Dynamiques D’espèces Invasives Focus sur Xylella fastidiosa

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    The spread of invasive alien species to new areas has always been an appealing research topic for mathematicians as well as for biologists. In particular, many investigations are carried out to recon- struct the past dynamics of the alien species and to predict its future spread. In essence, the thesis research aims to provide a generic methodology (i.e. scalable to various invasive species) that im- proves the predictions of an invasive species dynamics for which no dedicated model is available and whose initial conditions (i.e. date and location of the introduction of invasive species) are unknown. In order to achieve this goal, we proceed in two complementary lines of research. The first one is to propose a model&data-based inference method of biological invasions, in the framework of the so-called mechanistic-statistical approach. This method allows us to jointly estimate the introduc- tion point (date and location of the invasive species arrival) and other parameters of the dynamics related to diffusion, reproduction and death. It is hinged on (i) a partial differential equation that offers a phenomenological and concise description of the invasive species dynamics in a heteroge- neous domain, (ii) a stochastic model that represents the observation process, which allows to fit the partial differential equation to the data and (iii) a statistical Bayesian inference procedure, the adaptive multiple importance sampling algorithm, for estimating model parameters. To gain in re- alism, the phenomenological deterministic model could be replaced by a stochastic model, as for example a stochastic partial differential equation or spatio-temporal point process. However, such models may induce additional difficulties in estimation because of the supplementary parameters and latent variables. Models issued from the framework of Piecewise-deterministic Markov Process could be an appealing and interesting alternative to balance the trade-off between model realism and estimation easiness. In the framework presented above, preference was given to the use of generic spatio-temporal propagation models since the main processes underlying the spread of an alien species are usually unknown. However, predictions that can be drawn from those models are not optimal because they are affected by the assumptions made in the corresponding models, and do not take into account the uncertainty about the model form. The approach I use to overcome this problem is the so-called Bayesian model-averaging. This method consists of combining predictions drawn from competing models in order to obtain a unique and ameliorated prediction. This tech- nique has been previously used in environmental sciences. Nevertheless, it is not widespread in the field of epidemiology. One of the methodological goals of the PhD is to investigate its application and usefulness in predictive epidemiology.The case study of my thesis is the phytopathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa for which abun- dant spatio-temporal and binary post-introduction surveillance data were collected from an intensive surveillance plan implemented by governmental agencies after the first pathogen detection in Corsica in 2015. This quarantine pathogen that has significantly impacted olive production in Italy and that presents a drastic risk of change to the environment for its ability to reach a large variety of plants, is susceptible to cause in France a major sanitary crisis, as the one caused in Italy since 2013 where the socio-economical impacts are considerable.L’invasion de territoires par des espèces allogènes a toujours été un sujet attrayant pour les mathé- maticiens aussi bien que pour les biologistes. En particulier, de nombreux travaux sont menés afin de reconstruire la dynamique passée d’espèces envahissantes. Fondamentalement, le projet de thèse porte sur la recherche d’une méthodologie générique (i.e. adaptable à diverses espèces invasives), permettant l’amélioration des prédictions d’une invasion biologique pour laquelle on ne dispose pas de modèle spécifique et dont les conditions initiales (i.e. la date et le lieu d’introduction de l’espèce invasive) sont inconnues. Pour atteindre cet objectif, on procède suivant deux axes de recherche complémentaires. Dans le premier axe, on s’intéresse à l’inférence des invasions biologiques à par- tir d’un modèle spatio-temporel de propagation et de données collectées, en suivant une approche mécanistico-statistique. Cette méthode permet d’estimer d’une façon jointe le point d’introduction (date et site de l’arrivée de l’espèce invasive) et d’autres paramètres de la dynamique reliés à la diffusion, la reproduction et la mortalité. Elle repose sur (i) une équation aux dérivées partielles offrant une représentation phénoménologique et concise d’une dynamique qui envahit un domaine hétérogène, (ii) un modèle stochastique représentant le processus d’observation permettant d’ajuster l’équation aux dérivées partielles aux données et (iii) une méthode d’inférence statistique Bayésienne, l’adaptive multiple importance sampling algorithm, pour estimer les paramètres du modèle. Pour gagner en réalisme, le modèle phénoménologique déterministe peut être remplacé par un modèle stochastique, comme par exemple une équation aux dérivées partielles stochastique ou un processus de points spatio-temporel. Cependant, de tels modèles peuvent induire des difficultés d’estimation du fait des paramètres supplémentaires et des variables latentes. Des modèles dérivés du cadre des processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux peuvent constituer une alternative intéressante en permettant un compromis entre réalisme du modèle et facilité d’estimation. Dans le cadre d’étude décrit ci-dessus, l’utilisation de modèles "tout-terrain" a été privilégiée puisque les déterminants de propagation d’une espèce localement nouvelle dans un nouvel environnement sont généralement incertains. Cependant, les prédictions pouvant être tirées de ces modèles ne sont pas optimales puisqu’elles dépendent fortement des hypothèses sous-jacentes au modèle et qu’elles ne prennent pas en compte les incertitudes pouvant l’entourer. Ma deuxième ligne de recherche consiste à proposer une approche permettant de prendre en compte les incertitudes entourant chaque modèle. La tech- nique que j’emploie est celle du Bayesian model-averaging. Cette technique consiste à combiner les prédictions des modèles en compétition d’une façon à obtenir une prédiction unifiée améliorée. Cette technique a souvent été utilisée en sciences environnementales. Toutefois, elle n’est pas répandue dans le domaine de l’épidémiologie. L’un des buts méthodologiques de la thèse est d’en évaluer l’intérêt pour l’épidémiologie prédictive.Le cas d’étude de ma thèse est celui de la bactérie phytopathogène Xylella fastidiosa pour laquelle des données de surveillance spatio-temporelles et binaires post-introduction ont été collectées à partir d’un plan de surveillance intense qui a été mis en place par l’État suite à la première détection de cette bactérie en Corse en 2015. Ce pathogène de quarantaine, qui a significativement impacté la production d’olives en Italie et présente un risque de modification drastique de l’environnement du fait de sa capacité à atteindre de nombreuses espèces végétales, a le potentiel de causer en France une crise sanitaire majeure en santé végétale, à l’image de celle qu’elle cause depuis 2013 en Italie où les impacts socio-économiques sont conséquents

    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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