181,778 research outputs found
İkinci Abbasi halifeliği
No full text<p>Mogollar lrak'ı ele .geçtrtp Bagdat şehr1n1 düşürdüklerizaman (656/1259) ülkenJn her tarafında anarşI çıkardılar ve topraklarnu kendı topraklarına kattılar. Bagdat Abbasi haJ1felerlnln sonuncusu olan Musta'sım Bl1lQh'ı ve vellahdınI katlettller. Bunlann öldürülmesiyle blrtncI Abbasi haIıfeligI ortadan kalkmış oldu. Ayrıca bllglnlerI öldürüp kitaplannı yaktılar.</p>
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema abbasi PN-1 against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner
Full text linkThe experiment was conducted during May 2022 at College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U. S. Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The Steinernema abbasi PN-1 is a local isolate of entomopathogenic nematode isolated from the soil collected from Uttarakhand, India. Under the present study, virulenceof Steinernema abbasi PN-1 against different stages of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner were tested. Virulence studies of S. abbasi PN-1 against H. armigera proved that all larval stages and pupae of H. armigera were found susceptible to the IJs of S. abbasi PN-1. There was a positive correlation between insect mortality and the nematode concentration. The S. abbasi PN-1 caused 100% larval mortality at 48–60 h of post treatment in all tested doses in laboratory. Among the larval instars, 4th instar larvae of H. armigera were more susceptible with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 24.37 IJs larva-1 and the median lethal time (LT50) values of 25.63 hours. The 2nd instar larvae was least susceptible with an LC50 value of 78.96 IJs larva-1 and LT50 values of 41.33 hours. The pupal stage was less susceptible than the larval stage with the LC50 value of 98.3 IJs larva-1. Our results showed that S. abbasi PN-1 can be used as efficient biological control agents against H. armigera with further field studies
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Benthophilus persicus Kovačić & Esmaeili & Zarei & Abbasi & Schliewen 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBenthophilus persicus sp. nov. (Figs 2–10, Table 1) Holotype. ZSM 47595, male, 45.2+ 9.9 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Apr. 2004 (Fig. 4a). Paratypes. ZSM 47596, female, 45.8+ 9.7 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°31’ N 49°30’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 18 Nov. 2002. ZSM 47597, juvenile male, 30.4+ 7.6 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & M. Tavakoli, 06 Jan. 2004. ZSM 47599, female, 30.8+7.0 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & M. Tavakoli, 05 Jan. 2004 (Fig. 4c). ZSM 47598, juvenile female, 27.5+ 6.4 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5003-128, female, 30.9+ 8.2 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Jan. 2004. ZM-CBSU 5001-1, female, 35.1+8.1, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5003-60, juvenile female, 25.4+ 6.1 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°31’ N 49°30’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5022-23, female, 26.0+5.9, Iran, Gilan Province, Chaboksar, southern Caspian Sea, 37°01’ N 50°34’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 18 Nov. 2015. ZM-CBSU 5024-1, female, 23.7+ 5.3 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Chamkhaleh, southern Caspian Sea, 37°30’ N 49°55’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5003-77, female, 25.1+ 6.3 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Nov. 2002. PMR VP4679 male, 43.3+10.0 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Chaboksar, southern Caspian Sea, 37°01’ N 50°34’ E, K. Abbasi & A. Sarapnah, 01 Mar. 2005. PMR VP4680, male, 47.0+ 8.6 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°31’ N 49°30’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Mar. 2003. PMR VP4681 male, 35.1+ 8.5 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Mar. 2003. PMR VP4682, female, 30.4+ 7.4 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 17 Sep. 2002. PMR VP4683, female, 34.2 mm, caudal fin damaged, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°35’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & A. Sarapnah, 01 Jan. 2004. Additional material. ZM-CBSU S003-17, 21 specimens, 31.7–47.3 mm SL, 37°37’46.71” N 49°33’55.10” E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Mar. 2003. ZM-CBSU S003-112–113, ZM-CBSU S003-115, 3 specimens, 38.2–40.1 mm SL, 37°37’46.71” N 49°33’55.10” E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 05 Jan. 2004. ZM-CBSU S003- 134–135, 2 specimens, 33.5–40.8 mm SL, 37°37’46.71” N 49°33’55.10” E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 10 Jan. 2004. All additional material was collected from Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea. Diagnosis. Benthophilus persicus is distinguished from all other congeneric species by: (1) dermal fold behind jaws well-developed, large, rectangular, (2) chin barbel of moderate size, 1/3–2/3 of eye diameter, (3) maximum body width 15.1–22.9% of SL, (4) mouth width 36.3–55.8% of head length, (5) second dorsal fin I+7–8; (6) origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin, (7) dermal tubercles present, clearly larger than granules, with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute, always less than right angle, (8) dorsal row of tubercles complete, 22– 29, (9) ventral row of tubercles 22–25, (10) ventrolateral row of tubercles absent, (11) tubercles not present on temporal and occipital head regions, (12) granules not present on flanks, (13) transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b, (14) anterior interorbital transversal row pa with one or two papillae and anterior interorbital transversal row pp with two or three papillae, and (15) body with 20–22 transversal ltm rows starting anteriorly behind pectoral axilla and alternating anteriorly with three longitudinal llm rows (characters presented in the order of appearance in the description). Each of the selected diagnostic characters differentiate the new species from between 4 to 15 Benthophilus species. Considering only these selected fifteen diagnostic characters, the new species differs from congeneric species in a range from at least five characters (from B. durrelli Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004, B. mahmudbejovi Ragimov, 1976 and B. pinchuki Ragimov, 1982) up to eleven differential characters (from B. kessleri Berg, 1927). Description (Fig. 4). All morphometric and meristic values in the text are presented first for the holotype for the paratypes in parentheses. Morphometric data are provided in Table 1. Particularly large variability of some features may be based on sex, developmental stage or size dimorphism and is highlighted in the Table 1 and further explained in the Discussion. General morphology. Head rounded in vertical view, i.e., triangular with well-rounded lateral sides (Fig. 5). Head large, long and wide, length 2.8 (2.6–3.0) in SL, width 1.0 (1.0–1.2) in head length. Head depressed (dorsoventrally compressed), head depth in head width 1.9 (1.7–2.2), head depth 1.8 (1.6–2.4) in head length, wider than body, head width 0.7 (0.5–0.6) in maximum body width. Snout gently rounded, broad and moderately long, larger than eye diameter, 0.5 (0.6–0.8) in eye diameter, 3.6 (3.6–4.2) in head length. Eye small, horizontal diameter 7.1 (4.6–7.1) in head length. Interorbital distance 6.8 (5.2–10.9) in head length. Eye diameter and interorbital width both size-dependent, i.e., eye diameter negatively correlated and interorbital distance positively correlated with the body size. Dermal fold behind end of jaws well-developed, large, rectangular, elongate (Figs. 6a and 6b). Dermal fold depth in length 2.4 (2.5–3.7), with more or less rounded angles, along edge undulate or straight. Dermal fold of variable size to eye diameter, length of its base 0.9 (0.8–1.6) in eye diameter, 6.0 (4.9–8.2) in head length. Chin barbel of moderate size, 0.6 (0.4–0.7) in eye diameter, 12.0 (10.4–13.7) in head length, triangular, widened at base, triangle narrower in larger specimens, broader in smaller fish (Figs. 6b and 6c). Mouth relatively wide, mouth width 2.0 (1.8–2.8) in head length. Mouth corner below anterior eye margin. Anterior nostril tube without process from rim, reaching upper lip; posterior nostril with raised rim. No medial groove present on temporal and occipital head regions. Body deepest at first dorsal-fin origin or slightly in front of it, depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Greatest body width at middle between pectoral-fin bases, 4.4 (4.4–6.6) in SL, strongly decreasing towards caudalfin base. Caudal peduncle laterally compressed, caudal peduncle width 1.3 (1.2–1.5 in depth), shallow, its depth 17.4 (15.0–19.3) in SL, and narrow, its width 22.2 (20.2–25.9) in SL. Maximum size 55.6 mm in total length. Fins. The poor condition of fins in some cases prevents exact counts. D1 IV (III: 1, IV: 14), D2 I+7 (I+7: 7, I+8: 7; in paratype ZM-CBSU 5001-1 positive count was not possible), A I+8 (I+7: 6, I+8: 8; in paratype ZM-CBSU 5001-1 positive count was not possible), C branched rays 10 (10: 7, 11: 3, 12: 2; in three paratypes count was not possible), segmented 13 (13: 12; in three paratypes count was not possible), P 16 on both sides (16: 20, 17: 9, both sides counted; in paratype PMR VP4681 positive count was not possible on left side), V I+5/5+I (V I+5/5+I: 15). First dorsal fin low, its height 11.7 (10.5–11.9 in adult males, 13.5–21.3 in other individuals) in SL, lower than second dorsal fin, 7.8 (6.5–8.8) in SL. Origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin. Anal-fin height 9.7 (8.4–10.4) in SL. Pectoral fin long, reaching backwards halfway between the first and second dorsal fins when folded back. Pelvic disc complete and oval with well-developed anterior membrane, anterior membrane with straight edge. Pelvic disc long, 3.2 (3.1–3.8) in SL, reaching to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin rounded. Dermal ossifications. Granules present only on head (on snout, between eyes, on temporal and occipital head regions, and around eye in a circle), on predorsal area and between dorsal and dorsolateral rows of tubercles below the first dorsal fin and below interdorsal space (Figs. 3 and 5). No granules on eyes. No granules on gill covers, dorsal body and posterior flank, around pelvic disc, and only a few granules on posterior dorsal part of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7). Granules tiny, simple-structured bumps, sometimes grouped two or three together, small specimens with comparatively large granules (Figs. 2 and 3). Tubercles distinctively larger than granules (Figs. 2 and 3). Tubercles on head appear more or less randomly scattered. Head with a few small tubercles on snout, 2–4 tubercles present between eyes and 10–12 well-developed tubercles on upper cheek, preopercle and opercle (Figs. 5 and 7a). Tubercles not present on temporal and occipital head regions, i.e. all dermal ossifications are definable as granules according to size and shape; and the first tubercles anteriorly to temporal region are located at interorbital space, i.e. anteriorly to rear edge of eyes (Fig. 5). Tubercles on trunk are arranged in longitudinal rows: dorsal, dorsolateral and ventral rows (Figs. 7 b-d). Dorsal row complete, with 22–29 tubercles, including 2–4 tubercles in front of the first dorsal fin. Several anterior tubercles of dorsal row in front and along the first dorsal fin smaller than remaining tubercles and with one radial row of spinules instead of two. Dorsolateral row with 20–26 well developed tubercles, starting above pectoral-fin base, ending at posterior part or end of D2, decreasing in size posteriorly. No ventrolateral row (Fig. 7c). Ventral row anteriorly curved upwards with 2–3 tubercles above others, 22–25 tubercles including the 2–3 anterior upper tubercles. Tubercle bodies poorly defined, dominated by spinules. Tubercles of body rows and of head possess two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle, always less than right angle. Exceptions are the anterior tubercles of dorsal row, with one radial row of spinules instead of two (Fig. 3), and tubercles on preopercle and opercle, where spinules look disorganised (Fig. 2). Lateral line system (Fig. 8). No head canals present. Number of papillae in rows are strongly specimen size depending, with larger rows of sensory papillae irregularly doubled or tripled in larger specimens (e.g., suborbital transversal rows or row ot) (Figs. 2 and 6a). Some rows or parts of rows as ridges with papillae along top, e.g., row e (Fig. 9). Rows with range of number of sensory papillae in parentheses as follows: (1) preorbital: snout with four median preorbital series, vertical row r (3–5) slightly above horizontal level of posterior nares, horizontal row s 1 (3–5) below horizontal level of posterior nares, horizontal row s 2 (3–4) n the level of anterior nares and below s 1 and vertical s 3 (2–4) more medially above upper lip. Lateral series c in four parts: superior c 2 as two horizontal rows between anterior and posterior nostril (2+4 – 4+8); middle c 1 (3–6) starting at anterior nostril; inferior rows, upper horizontal c 2 (5–10) and lower horizontal c 1 (3–6) starting anteriorly at upper lip. (2) suborbital: seven transverse suborbital rows (1–7) of sensory papillae: rows 1–4 begin distant from orbit, row 4 from anterior end of row b downwards to posterior end of row d; superior segments rows 5s and 6s and row 7 close to eye, inferior sections of rows 5 and 6 well developed, row 5i below middle of row b, row 6i below posterior end of row b, both ending downwards below row d in the level and behind dermal fold (1: 10+23, 2: 8–15, 3: 8–21, 4: 8– 15, 5s: 4–8, 5i: 10– 16, 6s: 4–7, 6i: 12–19, 7: 1–2). Longitudinal row b (10–16) extending forwards above row 5i to upper end of row 4 not reaching below eye. Longitudinal row d (9+8 – 15+11) discontinuous with large gap between supralabial and cheek parts from suborbital row 2 to row 3. (3) preoperculo-mandibular: external row e (27+22 – 44+34) divided into anterior and posterior sections; internal row i continuous (40–62), mental row f (6–14) as cluster in front of chin barbel (Fig. 9). (4) oculoscapular: vertical row tra (1–3) behind lower posterior eye edge with one additional papilla behind it, longitudinal row x¹ placed posteriorly above opercle (1+3 – 5+3), divided by vertical row trp (3–5) in two parts, vertical row q (2–5) behind and below row x¹, with one or two additional papillae behind it. Longitudinal row x² (2–3) placed above opercular posterior edge, with transversal row y (2–3) below it. Axillary vertical rows as 1 (3–7), as 2 (4–7), as 3 (6–12) present, row la 1 (2–4) above as 2 , row la 2 (3–5) above between as 2 and as 3 . (5) opercular: transverse row ot (23–48); superior longitudinal row os (10–24); and interior longitudinal row oi (3–5). (6) anterior dorsal: anterior row n longitudinal (1–3) behind upper eye, transverse row o (1–4) distant from fellow in dorsal midline; longitudinal row g (3–4) distant behind row o, longitudinal row m and longitudinal row h not visible. (7) interorbital: two pairs of interorbital transversal rows, anterior pa (1–2) and posterior pp (2–3). Body with 18–22 transversal ltm rows starting anteriorly behind axilla and as rows, alternating anteriorly with three longitudinal llm rows making anterior beginning pattern of -II-I-I (Fig. 10). Three transversal lv rows at lower anterior body. Two longitudinal lc rows, one along midline of caudal fin, the second above it. Osteology. Vertebral column: 9 (8–10) precaudal and 19 (19–20) caudal vertebrae (including urostyle); total vertebral count: 28 (28–30). D1 pterygiophore insertion pattern: 3–22 1*01*1*1* (only from holotype); number of anal pterygiophores anterior to the first haemal spine 0 (0–1). Crest-like remaxillary process present on posterior third of premaxialla, sloping with a steep angle on anterior rim and gently towards posterior tip of premaxialla. Five branchiostegal rays. One epural. Number of C rays inserting in hypural 5: 2 (1–2), 3+4 (fused): 5 (5–6), hypural 1+2 (fused): 4 (4–5) and parhypural: 1 (0–1), total number of C rays inserting in hypurals, and parhypural: 12 (12; fused hypural 1+2 and 3+4 separated by a large gap, which does not support any branched caudal ray. Coloration. No live coloration recorded. Color of preserved specimens (Fig. 4): body opaque fawn, irregularly scattered melanophores present on upper head and body, and also on dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins. In some specimens remaining pigmentation almost invisible. Some specimens with three whitish saddles on back: at D2 anterior beginning, D2 posterior end and on caudal peduncle, and with four pigmented blotches on caudal fin longitudinally arranged. Etymology. The species is named for Persia. Distribution and habitat. Southern Caspian Sea basin (Fig. 1). Benthophilus persicus inhabits brackish waters and is abundant on sandy bottoms in coastal areas of the southern Caspian Sea. Capture depth ranges from 6 to 70 m. However, no specimens have yet been collected in the eastern part of southern Caspian Sea. Remarks. Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007) tentatively assigned 20 recognized species of the genus Benthophilus to four phenotypic groups. The most prominent differences of the new species as compared with members of the four different species groups are as follows. The new species clearly differs from group I members comprising B. granulosus Kessler, 1877, B. grimmi Kessler, 1877, B. kessleri Berg, 1927, B. leptorhynchus Kessler, 1877 and B. svetovidovi Pinchuk & Ragimov, 1979 by having tubercles on the body (vs. bony plates rather than tubercles on body). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. baeri Kessler, 1877 and B. spinosus Kessler, 1877 of group IV by having comparatively small dorsal tubercles with body poorly defined, dominated by clearly visible spinules (Figs. 2 and 3) (vs. very large dorsal tubercles with clear polygonal conical erected body with small or hardly visible spinules, Figure 4 in Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007)), 22–25 tubercles in ventral row (vs. 9–20), numerous tiny simple structured granules, sometimes grouped two or three together (vs. large and sparse granules with spinules), a few granules present on the posterior dorsal part of the caudal peduncle (vs. granules restricted to the upper head surface, gill covers and anterior part of the back). Benthophilus persicus cannot be unambiguously assigned to phenotypic groups II or III of Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007) since it features a mix of characters that were used to distinguish these two groups. The new species has tubercles with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle (vs. almost right angle of two rows of spinules on dorsal tubercules in group III), tubercles present between eyes (vs. tubercles absent between eyes in group III), a complete dorsal row (vs. dorsal row incomplete in group III), and a low count of 22–29 dorsal row tubercles (vs. two out of four species of group III, B. pinchuki Ragimov, 1982 and B. ragimovi Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004, having higher counts of dorsal row tubercles). However, it has no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. usually four tubercles in row on each side of head in temporal and occipital regions of head, one unpaired temporal tubercle in group II) and no blotches on body in a preserved state (vs. blotches on body in group II, except B. abdurahmanovi Ragimov, 1978). The phenotypic groups II and III of Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007) appear less well defined morphologically than the other two groups. Therefore, the new species is here compared with each of the 13 recognized species of groups II and III in alphabetic order: Benthophilus persicus differs from B. abdurahmanovi Ragimov, 1978 by having origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. under origin of the second dorsal fin), tubercles present, clearly larger than granules, with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle (vs. tubercles slightly larger than granules, with weakly developed spinules), no ventrolateral row of tubercles (vs. present), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. weak tubercles present there), no granules on flanks (vs. present), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), and the anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papilla (vs. 3–5 papillae). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. casachicus Ragimov, 1978 by having the dermal fold rectangular large (vs. triangular large), the origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. under origin of the second dorsal fin), tubercles present with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle (vs. tubercles with numerous radial rows of spinules), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. weak tubercles present on head), anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papillae (vs. 3–5 papillae), body with 18–22 transversal ltm rows starting anteriorly behind axilla and alternating anteriorly with three longitudinal llm rows, having a total of 21–25 lm rows (vs. 17–18 lm rows in total), and a maximum body width 15.1–22.9% of SL (vs. 23.2–27.8%). Benthophilus persicus is different from B. ctenolepidus Kessler, 1877 in having the dermal fold rectangular large (vs. curved large), origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. under origin of the second dorsal fin), tubercles present with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute, always less than right, angle (vs. about right angle), dorsal row of tubercles complete, 22–29 (vs. incomplete dorsal row), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), and second dorsal fin with I+7–8 rays (vs. second dorsal fin I+9–10). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. durrelli by being distributed in southern Caspian Sea (vs. distribution in the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov and Don River from mouth upstream to the upper stretch of Tsymlyansk Reservoir) and by having no ventrolateral row of tubercles (vs. large tubercles present), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. present in two radial rows), no granules on flanks (vs. sparsely scattered but present), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), and the anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papillae (vs. 3–5 papillae). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. leobergius Berg, 1949 in having the dermal fold rectangular (vs. triangular), origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. origin of anal fin under origin of the second dorsal fin), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. tubercles present), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papilla (vs. 3–5 papillae), maximum body width 15.1–22.9% of SL (vs. 24.5–31.1%), and mouth width 36.3–55.8% of head length (vs. 65.3–71.3%). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. leptocephalus Kessler, 1877 in having the dermal fold large and rectangular (vs. dermal fold absent), a moderate chin barbel, 1/3–2/3 of eye diameter in length (vs. very small barbel, hardly visible or absent), tubercles present with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute, always less than right, angle (vs. nearly right angle),
Effect of bonding area geometry on the behavior of composite single lap joints (SLJ) and estimation of adhesive properties using finite element method
No full textIn this study, the mechanical behavior of Single Lap Joints (SLJ) subjected to tensile loading was investigated both experimentally and numerically by considering different SLJ sizes including adherend thickness (T:0.88, 1.76, 3.52 mm), joint width (W:10, 20, 30 mm), and overlap length (L:10, 20 mm). A polyurethane adhesive and carbon fiber composite adherends were used for the experimental activity. The experimental campaign was carried out to assess the effects of the SLJ geometry on the mechanical behavior of SLJ. Further, SLJ tests were used to estimate the fracture toughness in mode I and II by using Finite Element methods (FEM) coupled with optimization analysis. The results showed that all three parameters strongly change the load capacity of the joints. According to the Experiments, for every sample configuration, the higher the adherend thickness the higher the adhesive shear and the lower the substrate normal stresses. Moreover, the width showed negligible effect on adhesive shear and substrate normal stresses. Numerically, the effect of geometric parameters has been analyzed once at relative 25% of ultimate load and once at a fixed load for each sample. At 25% of ultimate load, it was observed that the increase in the joint width has nearly no significant effect on adhesive shear and peel stresses. However, at a fixed common load increasing L, W, and T resulted in a decrease in adhesive shear and peel stresses. A good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical results
An unusual cause of abdominal pain due to a psoas haematoma post stroke in a patient on anticoagulation
No full textIntroduction: psoas muscle haematoma is rare, and can be spontaneous, due to trauma, anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy or haematological disorders. We present the case of a patient with an ischaemic stroke and new atrial fibrillation, who was anticoagulated, fell and had a right sided hip fracture which was repaired, but then developed left sided abdominal | hip pain a few weeks later.Method: an 81-year-old male was admitted for a urinary tract infection and progressive right leg weakness. An MRI revealed acute ischaemia of the left corona radiata. He later suffered an unwitnessed fall, resulting in a right inter trochanteric femoral fracture, which was treated with internal fixation. Two weeks later his apxiaban had been restarted and was thought to have further urosepsis, but his white cell count and CRP did not improve despite intravenous antibiotics and there was a fall in haemoglobin.Results: a CT abdomen and pelvis was done to look for an intraabdominal collection. Somewhat surpisingly, an iliopsoas abnormality with multiple small sub-2cm rim-enhancing foci of fluid, thought to be an organised haematoma. Apixaban was stopped, he was transfused and treated with intravenous antibiotics and repeat imaging 2 weeks later revealed haematoma resorption. Antiphospholipid antibodies positive, anticardiolipin negative throught to be due to DOAC treatment.Conclusions: psoas haematoma is an unusual form of intra-abdominal haemorrhage, which in this case followed trauma and anticoagulation. Presentation is commonly with abdominal pain and bruising, but atypical symptoms can occur as in this case. Abdominopelvic imaging with CT|MRI can aid diagnosis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
A novel approach for damage assessment in adhesively bonded composite joints using backface strain technique
Full text linkIn this study, the backface strain (BFS) is measured by both digital image correlation (DIC) and fiber optic sensors (FOS) to detect the crack initiation and propagation in adhesively bonded composite single-lap joints (SLJ). BFS measures the resultant strain deriving from the positive strain, due to tensile load, and negative strain related to the bending moment. A point, called zero-strain point (ZSP), can be detected on the substrate surface of SLJ due to the concurrent effect of these positive and negative strains. The experimental activity shows that the value of the ZSP changes when the crack starts to propagate. Thus, this point can be used to monitor the service conditions of adhesive joints. The effect of joint dimensions on the position of the ZSP is investigated when the joint is subjected to quasi-static loading. In addition, the applicability of the method is investigated under a cyclic loading condition. The work shows that the ZSP can be used as an index to monitor joint healthiness. Furthermore, FOSs can be used for an in-situ monitoring of the joint
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rapid morphological changes in astrocytes are accompanied by redistribution but not by quantitative changes of cytoskeletal proteins
No full textAstrocytes have the potential to acquire very different morphologies, depending on their regional location in the CNS and on their functional interactions with other cell types. Morphological changes between a flat or a fibroblast-like and a stellate or process-bearing appearance, and vice versa, can occur rapidly, but very little is known as to whether morphological transformations are based on quantitative changes of cytoskeletal proteins in microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and/or microtubules. Using a cell culture of selective type 1 astrocytes, we compared the distribution and protein amounts of a number of cytoskeletal proteins both during primary process growth induced by specific media conditions and after secondary transformations induced by dBcAMP. Our data presented in this report support the idea that astrocytes can undergo dramatic changes in their morphology requiring subcellular redistribution of most cytoskeletal proteins but no quantitative modifications of the amount of the respective proteins. After pharmacological treatment with lysophosphatic acid and genistein we show that astrocytes can acquire intermediate morphologies reminiscent of both fibroblast and stellate-like cells. These experiments demonstrate that the recently described RhoA-mediated signaling cascade between the cell surface and cytoskeletal proteins is only one of several signaling pathways acting on the astrocytic cytoskeleton. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc
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