10 research outputs found
Detection of Novel L-arginase Gene Sequences from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Soil and Sewage Samples
No full textBackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for its flexibility and importance as both a pathogen and a model organism for genetic studies. This investigation was conducted to detect L-arginase enzyme gene sequences from P. aeruginosa in soil and sewage samples.Methods: Soil and sewage samples were collected from different regions in Iraq for six months, from November 2022 to April 2023. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated by culturing samples on nutrient medium and McConkey agar medium. Gram stains and biochemical tests were performed to identify the isolates, and the VITEK 2 system was used to confirm the identity of P. aeruginosa. DNA was extracted from the P. aeruginosa isolates and used for molecular identification by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Also, the L-arginase gene sequences were amplified using the PARG1 and PARG2 primers.Results: Out of 52 soil and sewage samples, 33 isolates (63.5%) of P. aeruginosa were identified, including 15 (28.8%) from soil and 18 (34.6%) from sewage. Among these, 9 (60.0%) of the soil isolates and 12 (66.7%) of the sewage isolates produced L-arginase.Conclusion: The present study's findings revealed presence of the L-arginase enzyme from P. aeruginosa isolates derived from soil and wastewater samples. This research is considered a crucial step toward understanding the genetic structure and functions of L-arginase in P. aeruginosa, providing insights for future scientific investigations.Keywords: Gene sequences; L-arginase; PCR; Pseudomonas aeruginos
Temperature effects on growth of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans (An oval isolate from Iraqi soils)
No full textThe growth response of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans to changes in temperature was determined in vitro in nutrient yeast extract-sucrose medium. The minimum temperature at which P. agglomerans was able to grow was 4°C and the maximum temperature was 42°C. This study defines the range of environmental condition (Temperature) over which the bacteria may be developed for biocontrol of postharvest diseases
The Passive Environmental Effect of the Fungicide Benomyl on Soil Promoting Bacteria and Concentration of Some Important Soil Elements
No full textLoam examples were gathered through the 2020-2021 rising periods, and the following measurements were made: Viable bacterial count by reducing root colonization. The outcomes of reviewing the impact of the fungicide Benomyl on development and viable microflora count revealed that the highest microbial count was in Al-Madaein 80 ×103 CFU/mL was recorded ., and the lowest count was 60 ×103 CFU/mL for the Aushtar area, The microbial viable count values for the affected microorganisms with Benomyl were decrease to 27×103 and 65 × 103 CFU/mL respectively. Those consequences specify that Benomyl has a robust choosiness contrary to microflora, especially when compared to the benomyl effect as folded dose, the microflora l count decreases to 25 ×103 CFU /mL in the Aushtar area and increases to 60 ×103 CFU/mL in Al-Madaein area. Whereas the study estimated the level of eight elements in soil (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, NO3, P, K, and NH4) cultured with Cyperus rotundus L. Which mentioned the effect of benomyl on these levels after three days of treatment. Mn concentration ranged between 5.96 to 9.11 ppm, while after fungicide benomyl, it decreased to 5.63 -6.53 ppm similar results were observed for other elements. The highest affected element was Mn in the Aushtar area. Those consequences designate that Benomyl has a stout fussiness in contrast to soil nutrients. The greatness of benomyl impacts on loam ingredients and procedures were minor, qualified to impact on mycorrhizal root foundation (reduction through benomyl)
Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Nanocomposites:Preparation, Characterization, and Applications in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
No full textIn this study, a nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanofiller-reinforcement poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) matrix was prepared via the melt blending method. The flexibility of PLA was improved by blending the polymer with a PEG plasticizer as a second polymer. To enhance the electromagnetic interference shielding properties of the nanocomposite, different RGO wt % were combined with the PLA/PEG blend. Using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction, the structural, microstructure, and morphological properties of the polymer and the RGO/PLA/PEG nanocomposites were examined. These studies showed that the RGO addition did not considerably affect the crystallinity of the resulting nanomaterials. Thermal analysis (TGA) reveals that the addition of RGO highly improved the thermal stability of PLA/PEG nanocomposites. The dielectric properties and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the synthesized nanocomposites were calculated and showed a higher SE total value than the target value (20 dB). On the other hand, the results showed an increased power loss by increasing the frequency and conversely decreased with an increased percentage of filler.</p
Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across a groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories.Methods In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used dinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466-469, 470.0, 480-482.8, 483.0-483.9, 484.1-484.2, 484.6-484.7, and 487-489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4 B97.6, 109-115.8, J16 J16.9, J20-121.9, J91.0, P23.0 P23.4, and U04 U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23109 site-years of vital r *stration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian metaregression tool, to analyse age sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and daims and inpatient data. Additio y, we estimated age sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors.Findings Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240-275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217-248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1.30 million (95% UI 1.18-1.42) male deaths and 1.20 million (1.07-1.33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1.17 times (95% UI 1.16-1.18) and 1.31 times (95% UI 1.23-1.41) greater in males than in fe es in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126.0% [95% UI 121.4-131.1]) and deaths (100.0% [83.4-115.9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest dedine was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (-70.7% [-77.2 to 61.8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53.0% [95% UI 37.7-61.8] in males and 56.4% [40.7-65.1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5-14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26.0% [95% UI 16.6-35.5] for males and PAF 25.8% [16.3-35.4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20.4% (95% UI 15.4-25.2) in those aged 15-49 years, 305% (24.1-36. 9) in those aged 50-69 years, and 21.9% (16. 8-27. 3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21.1% (95% UI 14.5-27.9) in those aged 15-49 years and 18 " 2% (12.5-24.5) in those aged 50-69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11-7% (95% UI 8.2-15.8) of LRI deaths.Interpretation The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children you - than 5 years was dearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, induding promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities.Copyright 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
A remote-controlled global navigation satellite system based rover for accurate video-assisted cadastral surveys
No full textOne of the main tasks of a cadastral surveyor is to accurately determine property boundaries by measuring control points and calculating their coordinates. This paper proposes the development of a remotely-controlled tracking system to perform cadastral measurements. A Bluetooth-controlled rover was developed, including a Raspberry Pi Zero W module that acquires position data from a VBOX 3iSR global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, equipped with a specific modem to download real-time kinematic (RTK) corrections from the internet. Besides, the Raspberry board measures the rover speed with a hall sensor mounted on a track, adjusting the acquisition rate to collect data at a fixed distance. Position and inertial data are shared with a cloud platform, enabling their remote monitoring and storing. Besides, the power supply section was designed to power the different components included in the acquisition section, ensuring 2 hours of energy autonomy. Finally, a mobile application was developed to drive the rover and real-time monitor the travelled path. The tests indicated a good agreement between rover measurements and those obtained by a Trimble R10 GNSS receiver (+0.25% mean error) and proved the superiority of the presented system over a traditional metric wheel
Diferenças entre idade e sexo na carga global de infecções respiratórias inferiores e fatores de risco, 1990–2019: resultados do Estudo da Carga Global de Doenças de 2019
No full textHistórico: A carga global de infecções respiratórias inferiores (IRLs) e fatores de risco correspondentes em crianças
maiores de 5 anos e adultos não foi estudada de forma tão abrangente quanto em crianças menores de
5 anos. Avaliamos a carga e as tendências de IRLs e fatores de risco em todas as faixas etárias por sexo, para 204 países
e territórios.
Métodos: Nesta análise de dados para o Estudo de Carga Global de Doenças, Lesões e Fatores de Risco (GBD) 2019,
usamos pneumonia ou bronquiolite diagnosticada por médico como nossa definição de caso para IRLs. Incluímos os códigos 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7
e 487–489 da Classificação Internacional de Doenças da 9ª edição e os códigos A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8,
J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4 e U04–U04.9 da Classificação Internacional de Doenças da 10ª edição. Usamos a estratégia de modelagem Cause of Death Ensemble
para analisar 23.109 anos-local de dados de registro vital, 825 anos-local de dados de registro vital de amostra, 1.766 anos-local de
dados de autópsia verbal e 681 anos-local de dados de vigilância de mortalidade. Usamos o DisMod-MR 2.1, uma ferramenta de metarregressão bayesiana, para analisar dados de incidência e prevalência específicos de idade e sexo identificados por meio de revisões sistemáticas da
literatura, dados de pesquisas populacionais e dados de reivindicações e internação. Além disso, estimamos a mortalidade específica de idade e sexo
LRI que é atribuível aos efeitos independentes de 14 fatores de risco.
Descobertas: Globalmente, em 2019, estimamos que houve 257 milhões (intervalo de incerteza de 95% [UI] 240–275) de episódios de incidentes de LRI
em homens e 232 milhões (217–248) em mulheres. No mesmo ano, os LRIs foram responsáveis por 1,30 milhões (95% UI 1,18–1,42) mortes masculinas e 1,20 milhões (1,07–1,33) mortes femininas. As taxas de incidência e mortalidade padronizadas por idade foram 1,17 vezes (95% UI 1,16–1,18) e 1,31 vezes (95% UI 1,23–1,41) maiores em homens do que em mulheres em 2019. Entre 1990 e 2019, as taxas de incidência e mortalidade de LRI diminuíram em taxas diferentes entre as faixas etárias e um aumento nos episódios de LRI e mortes foi estimado entre todas as faixas etárias adultas, com homens com 70 anos ou mais tendo o maior aumento em episódios de LRI (126,0% [95% UI 121,4–131,1]) e mortes (100,0% [83,4–115,9]). Durante o mesmo período, os episódios de LRI e mortes em crianças menores de 15 anos foram estimados como
diminuídos, e o maior declínio foi observado para mortes por LRI em homens menores de 5 anos (–70,7%
[–77,2 a –61,8]). Os principais fatores de risco para mortalidade por LRI variaram entre faixas etárias e sexo. Mais da metade das
mortes globais por LRI em crianças menores de 5 anos foram atribuídas ao emagrecimento infantil (fração atribuível à população
[PAF] 53,0% [95% UI 37,7–61,8] em homens e 56,4% [40,7–65,1] em mulheres), e mais de um quarto das
mortes por LRI entre aqueles com idades entre 5 e 14 anos foram atribuídas à poluição do ar doméstico (PAF 26,0% [95% UI 16,6–35,5]
para homens e PAF 25,8% [16,3–35,4] para mulheres). PAFs de mortes de homens LRI atribuídas ao tabagismo foram de 20,4%
(95% UI 15,4–25,2) em pessoas de 15 a 49 anos, 30,5% (24,1–36,9) em pessoas de 50 a 69 anos e 21,9% (16,8–27,3)
em pessoas com 70 anos ou mais. PAFs de mortes de mulheres LRI atribuídas à poluição do ar doméstico foram de 21,1%
(95% UI 14,5–27,9) em pessoas de 15 a 49 anos e 18,2% (12,5–24,5) em pessoas de 50 a 69 anos. Para mulheres com
70 anos ou mais, o principal fator de risco, material particulado ambiental, foi responsável por 11,7% (95% UI 8,2–15,8)
das mortes por LRI.
Interpretação: Os padrões e o progresso na redução da carga de LRIs e os principais fatores de risco para mortalidade variaram
entre as faixas etárias e os sexos. O progresso observado em crianças menores de 5 anos foi claramente resultado de
intervenções direcionadas, como vacinação e redução da exposição a fatores de risco. Intervenções semelhantes para outras faixas etárias
poderiam contribuir para a realização de várias metas dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, incluindo a promoção
do bem-estar em todas as idades e a redução das desigualdades em saúde. Intervenções, incluindo o enfrentamento de fatores de risco como
emagrecimento infantil, tabagismo, poluição por material particulado ambiental e poluição do ar doméstico, evitariam mortes e
reduziriam as disparidades em saúdeBackground: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children
older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than
5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries
and territories.
Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we
used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International
Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7,
and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8,
J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy
to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of
verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian metaregression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the
literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific
LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors.
Findings: Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI
incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million
(95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and
mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in
females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age
groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged
70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4–131·1]) and deaths (100·0%
[83·4–115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to
have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (–70·7%
[–77·2 to –61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of
global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction
[PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7–61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7–65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI
deaths among those aged 5–14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6–35·5]
for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3–35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4%
(95% UI 15·4–25·2) in those aged 15–49 years, 30·5% (24·1–36·9) in those aged 50–69 years, and 21·9% (16·8–27·3)
in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1%
(95% UI 14·5–27·9) in those aged 15–49 years and 18·2% (12·5–24·5) in those aged 50–69 years. For females aged
70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2–15·8)
of LRI deaths.
Interpretation: The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied
across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted
interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups
could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting
wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child
wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and
reduce health disparitie
Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textAge–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 201
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Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textSummary
Background
The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories.
Methods
In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7, and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8, J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors.
Findings
Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4–131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4–115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (–70·7% [–77·2 to –61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7–61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7–65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5–14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6–35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3–35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4–25·2) in those aged 15–49 years, 30·5% (24·1–36·9) in those aged 50–69 years, and 21·9% (16·8–27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5–27·9) in those aged 15–49 years and 18·2% (12·5–24·5) in those aged 50–69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2–15·8) of LRI deaths.
Interpretation
The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities
