1,720,955 research outputs found
Antifungal Activity of Green and Chemically Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles against Alternaria citri, the Causal Agent Citrus Black Rot
Get PDFCitrus black rot is a serious disease of citrus plants caused by Alternaria citri. The current study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by chemically or green method and investigate their anti -fungal activity against A. citri. The sizes of synthesized as measured by transmission electron microscope of ZnO-NPs were 88 and 65 nm for chemical and green methods, respectively. The studied prepared ZnO-NPs were applied, in vitro and in situ, at different concen-trations (500, 1,000, and 2,000 & mu;g/ml) in post-harvest treatment on navel orange fruits to verify the possible control effect against A. citri. Results of in vitro assay demonstrated that, at concentration 2,000 & mu;g/ml, the green ZnO-NPs was able to inhibit about 61% of the fungal growth followed by 52% of chemical ZnO-NPs. In addition, scanning electron microscopy of A. citri treated in vitro with green ZnO-NPs showed swelling and deformation of conidia. Results showed also that, using a chemically and green ZnO-NPs at 2,000 & mu;g/ml in situ in post-harvest treatment of orange, artificially -infected with A. citri, has reduced the disease severity to 6.92% and 9.23%, respectively, compared to 23.84% of positive control (non-treated fruits) after 20 days of storage. The out findings of this study may contribute to the development of a natural, effective, and eco-friendly strategy for eradicating harmful phytopatho-genic fungi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Biocontrol effect of ginger glycoprotein and essential oil against Vicia faba damping-off caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani
Get PDFThe Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani are destructive soil-borne pathogens worldwide, significantly impacting crop yields and quality. Synthetic fungicides are usually used for their control despite their adverse environmental and human health impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in discovering natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ginger glycoprotein and essential oil (EO) as antifungal agents against R. solani and F. solani, correlated with diseases that cause root decay and wilt in Vicia faba L. An in vitro trial assessed the antifungal efficacy of ginger EO and glycoprotein singularly (at 10 and 25 μg/mL) compared to Rizolex-T 50 WP (at 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL) against F. solani and R. solani mycelium growth. Whereas, the in vivo trial evaluated the efficacy of ginger EO and glycoprotein at 50 and 100 μg/mL, compared to Rizolex-T 50 WP at 50 μg/mL, in reducing pre- and post-emergence damping-off percentages. Sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and particle size distribution were carried out to characterize seed glycoprotein. SDS-PAGE of the glycoprotein indicated two bands corresponding to 35 and 29 KDa. An HPLC examination of the glycoprotein carbohydrate component identified glucose, mannose, and fructose. GC-MS analysis of the components of EO identified 28 majors’ substances. R. solani and F. solani mycelial proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by both EO and glycoprotein. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), used for investigating eventually morphological changes in tested fungi after treatment. In the in vivo test, it was seen that both EO and glycoprotein at 50 and 100 μg/mL made the symptoms caused by the tested fungi a lot less severe compared to the control. The results showed that ginger glycoprotein and essential oil might be able to be used instead of synthetic fungicides to treat V. faba damping off
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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