1,721,015 research outputs found
Does Parental Coping Buffer the Relationship Between Child Behavior Problems and Parental Reactions in Families of Children With ASD?
No full textParents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high levels of stress related to their children's symptoms and comorbid behavior problems. Positive parental coping is proposed to serve a buffering function; however, few studies have examined whether coping moderates the association between possible child stressors and parent outcomes in this population. These studies have focused on parent well-being as the main outcome variable but have not studied the extent to which the child-related stressors may impact parenting and contribute to dysfunctional parent-child interactions. The current study examined the degree to which positive parental coping may buffer parent reactions to child negative emotions against the potentially adverse effects of comorbid externalizing problems in 63 families of children with ASD. Parents reported on their children's externalizing problems, their own coping behavior, and their reactions to their children's negative emotions. The main effect between children's externalizing problem behaviors and parent reactions to child negative emotion was not significant. However, positive coping moderated the association between children's behavior problems and supportive parent reactions such that the parents of children with more externalizing problems reported less supportive reactions, but only when positive coping was low. This cross-sectional study is the first to examine the degree to which parent coping may buffer parenting quality against the effects of child problems.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.474820
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies, Cognitive Reappraisal and Mindfulness in Relation to Depression and Anxiety
Get PDFResearch has demonstrated that poor mood regulation is implicated in a wide variety of psychological dysfunction. Evidence also suggests that mindfulness practice — which involves sustained awareness of present events — promotes cognitive reappraisal of upsetting events as more positive, an effective mood regulation strategy. Individuals' generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation (NMRE), or their confidence in their capacity to alleviate negative moods, predict the success of reappraisal and mood regulation in general. Via the Internet, mindfulness practitioners (N = 160) reported on their NMRE, cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The results showed positive intercorrelations among NMRE, cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness, and all three were inversely correlated with symptoms. In simultaneous regression analyses, mindfulness independently predicted depression and anxiety, and NMRE mediated the relationship of min dfulness with depression. Cognitive reappraisal did not affect the relationship of mindfulness with symptoms, suggesting that participants benefited from mindfulness independent of reappraisal strategies. These findings suggest that practitioners of mindfu lness may utilize coping strategies other than cognitive reappraisal to lower depression and anxiety. In support of past research, NMRE were higher among those reporting more mindfulness, meaning more mindful people feel more confident that they can lessen their negative moods. Both mindfulness practice and higher NMRE are associated with less severe symptoms of pathology
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Male Variability In Person Thing Orientation
Get PDFFactor analyses of RIASEC personality inventories have indicated the importance of thing and person orientation in predicting individual fitness with certain career fields. Thing orientation has been associated with higher likelihood of pursuing STEM careers. On average, men score higher in thing orientation which predicts male overrepresentation in STEM fields. Male variability hypothesis suggests that men may also have greater variability in various attributes compared to women. The current research examined whether greater male orientation towards STEM is the result of greater male thing orientation or whether it is the result of greater male variability in thing orientation. To address this question, this study used archival data on male and female recall performance on assigned readings of STEM-related topics. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine patterns in skew, kurtosis, and variance in STEM recall performance and person/thing orientation for men and women. Results confirmed greater male variability in thing orientation, but positive skewness for women. Shapes of various statistical distributions for recall and person/thing orientation and their implications on gendered representation in STEM are analyzed. Potential origins of sex differences in person/thing orientation and future directions are also discussed.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.807639
Bisphenol A (BPA) Induces Sensory Processing Deficits in Zebrafish Larvae
Get PDFZebrafish larvae are particularly well-suited for neuroscience research. Their nervous system is similar to humans yet remains relatively simple; well-defined behavioral assays and their translucent nature make them ideal specimens for investigating neural function, allowing the use of confocal microscopy to connect behavioral outputs with neurological functioning. Bisphenol A (BPA) is heavily correlated with neurodevelopmental difficulties and the alarming increase in the trace amount of BPA in the human population has made understanding the effect of BPA exposure on fetal development of grave importance. Exploiting the anatomical advantages of zebrafish to investigate these effects is in part only made possible due to their ex utero development, which allows for more precise drug administration compared to traditional models. In this study, we have found that prolonged BPA exposure during the developmental period has led to deficits in sensory processing. This effect was demonstrated by a reduction in pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) and short-term habituation (STH) to auditory pulses.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.695079
Hormones, Health, and Social Support in Pregnancy
Get PDFChildbirth poses an exceptionally high mortality risk for human females compared to non-human primates. Assisted childbirth is, therefore, a ubiquitous feature of human populations, with assistance most often provided by other women. We propose that this feature likely played a critical role in shaping human sociality and may have been mediated by women's ability to detect and respond to the hormonal status of other women. To test this hypothesis, we designed a study in which we measured oxytocin response in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Participants were nine pregnant women, six paired with a close female friend and three paired with a female stranger. Participants provided information about their reproductive histories, social networks, their relationships with their study partner, and their current pregnancy, and participated in a childbirth education class practicing birth positions and support. Oxytocin was measured in saliva, obtained from all participants at four times during the study. Results suggest that while both pregnant and non-pregnant women exhibited an increase in oxytocin levels, the greatest increase was observed among pregnant women participating with a close friend. We also designed a survey study assessing the role of close female relationships on pregnancy, health, and wellbeing. Results suggest that female friendships had a unique effect on pregnant women's wellbeing in comparison to social support from others
The Female Orgasm: Testing an Evolutionary Adaptation for Pair-bonding Reinforcement in Potentially Conceptive and Non-conceptive Pairs
Get PDFThe human female orgasm, has often been a topic of debate in evolutionary scholarship. Some scholars argue that it evolved to aid in sperm selection of high quality males, others argue that it evolved as part of a pair-bond maintenance system, and some propose that it's simply a byproduct of the male orgasm. This study compares predictors of female orgasm based on mate qualities, between heterosexual and non-heterosexual women. We predict that if the female orgasm evolved to favor conception with genetically fit males, then female sexual response should be more sensitive to cues of genetic quality in male partners, predicting, to a greater extent, orgasm frequency among heterosexual women. Also, heterosexual women should be more likely to report deep orgasm and orgasms that produce an internal sucking sensation, as these are argued to enhance sperm retention. Also, if female orgasm evolved to reinforce pair-bonds, long-term investing and resource qualities in either male or female partners should predict orgasm frequency. We surveyed 93 heterosexual women and 20 non-heterosexual women, who were romantically and sexually involved with a partner. We found that partner's physical attractiveness predicted frequency to a greater extent in non-heterosexual women; orgasm centrality and presence of internal sucking sensation was not predicted by sexual orientation. Women experienced marginally more frequency with more compatible partners, and compatibility was marginally greater for heterosexual women. Partner's resources did not predict frequency in either group
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