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Replication Data for Quantifying Devotion: A Mixed-Methods Study of Pious Donation in the Nidaros Province, c. 1160–1540
No full textThis dataset was compiled for the PhD dissertation "Quantifying Devotion: A Mixed-Methods Study of Pious Donation in the Nidaros Province, c. 1160–1540". It contains observations representing all known charters of pious donation published in various source editions (Diplomatarium Norvegicum, the Akershus register, and others). Lubish benefactors are also included (Bruns's Bergenfahrer, Meyer's Lübecker Testamente, and others).Abstract:
"Just as time slips away and diminishes, so too do temporal actions fade from the memory of humankind, unless fortified by writings. Therefore, in the wise custom of foresight, one pre-empts the indeterminate hour of death and unpredictable outcomes of events through the arrangement of one’s goods and the testimony of written wills."1
King Magnus Lagabøte, emblematic of his era, was articulating sentiments that resonated widely during his time. Alongside the introduction of Christianity to what would later become the Nidaros province, a rise of book-and-parchment literacy using the Latin script had occurred. This had enabled detailed documentation of acts of piety, which could secure commemoration across generations. In adopting these practices, the benefactors of this province were continuing a tradition already upheld by their southern coreligionists for centuries.
This dissertation presents a quantitative analysis of pious donations documented in charters from the Nidaros province during the Middle Ages. As these documents have yet to be collected and researched as a distinct document category, the present project represents a pioneering work. Through a mixed methods research model, supplementing the quantitative results with more traditional, qualitative research methods, the study explores how the practice spread through elite society, and across time and space.
Furthermore, this dissertation examines the motivations behind the involvement in the practice of making and documenting pious donations. Throughout the dissertation, a comparative perspective is employed, in which the donations found in the wills of Lubish merchants residing in the town of Bergen are compared to those of the native text witnesses issued across the province. This comparative perspective enables the elucidation of the local peculiarities, as well as the universal traditions of pious donation practised in the Nidaros province. Among its many findings, the
research identifies an increase in laypeople’s involvement in pious donations by the last quarter of the thirteenth century and participation across a wider segment of society by c. 1300, marking a diversification of the practice which has been debated in previous scholarship.
Additionally, it demonstrates the ways in which the practice of pious donation not only expressed piety and a desire for salvation, but also served as a means to gain prestige and maintain social bonds and obligations. Among the latter, this study has noted a connection between inheritance, especially of land, and commemoration obtained through donations. The study thus sheds light on the significance of spiritual
aid within medieval society and the complex social and interpersonal dynamics it fostered.
1. "Quoniam sicut tempus labile labendo deficit, sic cum fuga temporis temporales deficiunt actiones a memoria hominum, nisi vigorem recipiant a testimonio litterarum: ideoque mortis incertum tempus dubiosque rerum eventus certa bonorum suorum ordinacione ac litterarum testamentalium testimonio, discretorum solet providencia prevenire." From the will of King Magnus VI Håkonsson Lagabøte. Diplomatarium Norvegicum IV, 3 (1277). Own translation.</p
Literacy as an Instrument of Female Religious Expression in the Medieval Scandinavian Catholic Orthodoxy, c. 1000 – 1400 A.D.
No full textDuring the early medieval period in Scandinavia, writing could be accomplished using one of two different writing systems. Runes had been in use since long before the Viking Age, and stayed in use until the late Middle Ages. The Latin alphabet was introduced to the area along with Christianity during the tenth and eleventh centuries, and eventually became the main writing system used by Scandinavians to this day. The production and transmission of texts by women, and in religious contexts, both in runes and in the Latin alphabet, have in this thesis been examined in order to shed light on how medieval Scandinavian women participated in different acts of writing, in connection to their religious expression. As much comparable research within the fields of history and Norse literature has so far been focused either on the literate activities of men, or on the roles of pre-Christian women in cultivated literature, this thesis seeks to identify women who expressed themselves within the context of pragmatic literature, and within the Scandinavian Catholic orthodoxy, using either one of the two available writing systems. The research has been conducted through close readings of three main sources, a runestone from the eleventh century, a charter issued in 1352, and a testament issued in the same year. Each case study has been placed in its own historical setting, and analysed with this context in mind. The thesis finds that women of a certain social standing had the opportunity to commission acts of carving or writing by others, and that they through these commissions show a certain awareness of the different purposes which the carved or written word could serve. Through involving themselves in literate processes, these women managed to significantly alter their own surroundings, whether through erecting monuments or influencing the actions of ecclesiastical institutions. Additionally, the last two chapters show that women could appropriate some of the social authority of Church officials in order to further their own spiritual, as well as practical, aspirations. The thesis concludes that women were not excluded from engaging in the production or transmission of texts, nor did they have to take on the social roles of men in order to actively participate in literacy. Instead, they seem to have employed mutually beneficial relations with literate professionals, and thus been able to actively participate in the creation of text through the role of commissioner
Quantifying Devotion : A Mixed-Methods Study of Pious Donation in the Nidaros Province, c. 1160–1540
Get PDF‘Slik tida glepp unna og forsvinn, falmar òg handlingar frå manns minne, om dei ikkje blir styrkte av skriftlege vitnesbyrd. Derfor, i framsynets kloke skikk, vernar ein seg mot dødens usikre time og uføresette hendingar ved å ordne sine ærend, og gjennom testamentet sitt skrivne vitnesbyrd.’*
Kong Magnus Lagabøte var emblematisk for tida han verka i, og gav her uttrykk for ei haldning som resonnerte i mellomaldersamfunnet. Med kristendomens inntog til det som seinare skulle bli Nidarosprovinsen, hadde det følgt skriftkompetanse med det latinske alfabetet, manuskript, og pergament. Denne kompetansen la til rette for detaljerte skriftfestingar av fromme handlingar, noko som kunne sikre åminning for sjela i fleire generasjonar. Slik heldt Kong Magnus og dei andre velgjerarane i Nidarosprovinsen fram med ein tradisjon som dei sørlege trusfellane deira allereie hadde opprettheldt i fleire hundre år.
Denne avhandlinga er først og fremst ei kvantitativ analyse av fromme gåver dokumentert i diplom frå Nidarosprovinsen i løpet av mellomalderen. Det at ingen har samla desse dokumenta og forska på dei under eitt før, gjer dette til eit nybrotsarbeid. Gjennom ei metodetriangulering der ein meir tradisjonell, kvalitativ historisk metode supplerer dei kvantitative resultata, undersøkjer avhandlinga korleis donasjonspraksisen spreidde seg gjennom samfunnet, over geografiske distrikt, og over tid.
Vidare undersøkjer avhandlinga motivasjonane til dei som involverte seg i donasjonar og dokumentasjonen av desse. Avhandlinga har eit gjennomgåande komparativt perspektiv, der donasjonane i testamenta til dei lybske Hansakjøpmennene som virka på Bryggen i Bergen samanliknast med donasjonane i diplom utferda av innanlandske velgjerarar som donerte over heile fastlandskyrkjeprovinsen. Slik har det vore mogleg å avdekkja både lokale kjenneteikn og universale trendar i donasjonspraksisen frå Nidarosprovinsen i løpet av mellomalderen.
I tillegg til dei mange meir spreidde funna som omhandlar detaljane i praksisen, har dette forskingsprosjektet identifisert ei auke i lekmannsdonasjonar innan det siste kvartalet av tolvhundretalet, og involvering av eit noko breiare segment av befolkninga innan ca. 1300. Dette representerer ei tidfesting av ei mangfaldiggjering som har vore diskutert i tidlegare forsking på emnet. I tillegg demonstrerer studien at deltaking i donasjonspraksisen kunne vere ei måte å uttrykkje fromheit og eit ønskje om frelse, men også ei måte å skaffa seg prestisje og oppretthalde sosiale band og obligasjonar på. Blant dei sistnemnde har avhandlinga påvist ein tydeleg samanheng mellom arv, då spesielt av jordeigedom, og åminning skaffa ved hjelp av donasjonar. Avhandlinga set difor søkjelys på kor vesentleg sjelehjelp var i mellomaldersamfunnet, og på dei komplekse samfunnsmessige og mellommenneskelege dynamikkane som sjelegåver og sjelehjelp fostra.
* ‘Quoniam sicut tempus labile labendo deficit, sic cum fuga temporis temporales deficiunt actiones a memoria hominum, nisi vigorem recipiant a testimonio litterarum: ideoque mortis incertum tempus dubiosque rerum eventus certa bonorum suorum ordinacione ac litterarum testamentalium testimonio, discretorum solet providencia prevenire.’ Frå Kong Magnus VI Håkonsson Lagabøtes testamente. DN IV, 3 (1277). Alle omsetjingar er forfattarens eigne, med mindre noko anna er spesifisert i fotnotar eller liknande.‘Just as time slips away and diminishes, so too do temporal actions fade from the memory of humankind, unless fortified by writings. Therefore, in the wise custom of foresight, one pre-empts the indeterminate hour of death and unpredictable outcomes of events through the arrangement of one’s goods and the testimony of written wills.’*
King Magnus Lagabøte, emblematic of his era, was articulating sentiments that resonated widely during his time. Alongside the introduction of Christianity to what would later become the Nidaros province, a rise of book-and-parchment literacy using the Latin script had occurred. This had enabled detailed documentation of acts of piety, which could secure commemoration across generations. In adopting these practices, the benefactors of this province were continuing a tradition already upheld by their southern coreligionists for centuries.
This dissertation presents a quantitative analysis of pious donations documented in charters from the Nidaros province during the Middle Ages. As these documents have yet to be collected and researched as a distinct document category, the present project represents a pioneering work. Through a mixed methods research model, supplementing the quantitative results with more traditional, qualitative research methods, the study explores how the practice spread through elite society, and across time and space.
Furthermore, this dissertation examines the motivations behind the involvement in the practice of making and documenting pious donations. Throughout the dissertation, a comparative perspective is employed, in which the donations found in the wills of Lubish merchants residing in the town of Bergen are compared to those of the native text witnesses issued across the province. This comparative perspective enables the elucidation of the local peculiarities, as well as the universal traditions of pious donation practised in the Nidaros province. Among its many findings, the research identifies an increase in laypeople’s involvement in pious donations by the last quarter of the thirteenth century and participation across a wider segment of society by c. 1300, marking a diversification of the practice which has been debated in previous scholarship.
Additionally, it demonstrates the ways in which the practice of pious donation not only expressed piety and a desire for salvation, but also served as a means to gain prestige and maintain social bonds and obligations. Among the latter, this study has noted a connection between inheritance, especially of land, and commemoration obtained through donations. The study thus sheds light on the significance of spiritual aid within medieval society and the complex social and interpersonal dynamics it fostered.
* ‘Quoniam sicut tempus labile labendo deficit, sic cum fuga temporis temporales deficiunt actiones a memoria hominum, nisi vigorem recipiant a testimonio litterarum: ideoque mortis incertum tempus dubiosque rerum eventus certa bonorum suorum ordinacione ac litterarum testamentalium testimonio, discretorum solet providencia prevenire.’ From the will of King Magnus VI Håkonsson Lagabøte. DN IV, 3 (1277). All translations are the author’s unless otherwise noted.Doktorgradsavhandlin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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