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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Host-parasite interaction : mechanism of inhibition of human protein synthesis by the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum, malaria’s agent
No full textAu cours de ma thèse, je ne suis intéressée à l’étude de l’influence de l’interaction hôte-parasite sur la synthèse protéique de l’Homme et de Plasmodium falciparum (parasite responsable du paludisme), respectivement. J’ai développé deux aspects : (i) l’étude de l’étape d’aminoacylation des ARN de transfert (ARNt) en comparant les systèmes de l’Homme et du parasite et (ii) l’élucidation d’un mécanisme d’inhibition de la synthèse protéique chez l’Homme par une protéine de surface secrétée par le parasite lors de l’infection des hépatocytes. Chez Plasmodium falciparum, la Tyrosyl-ARNt synthétase (TyrRS) cytosolique est “classique “ du point de vue organisation structurale. Elle est constituée de deux modules fonctionnels, un domaine catalytique et un domaine de liaison à l’ARNt. Les caractéristiques cinétiques d’aminoacylation (KM, Kcat et plateau) de l’enzyme ont été déterminées. J’ai montré que la TyrRs du parasite aminoacyle avec la même efficacité les transcrits d’ARNtTyr de Plasmodium et de l’Homme. En revanche, seulement une fraction d’ARNt modifiés humains sont chargeables par l’enzyme du parasite, indiquant que les réactions d’aminoacylation “croisées “ entre les systèmes du parasite et de l’Homme sont possibles,
mais que leur efficacité varie d’un système à l’autre.
Contrairement à la TyrRS cytosolique, la TyrRS apicoplastique du parasite est caractérisée par la présence de deux insertions. Ces insertions sont caractéristiques des protéines du parasite et sont appelées LCR (Low Complexity Region). La présence de ces LCR dans la TyrRS apicoplastique, mais aussi dans la majorité des autres protéines de Plasmodium est une contrainte pour leur expression dans un organisme hétérologue. Cette difficulté est une limite considérable dans l’étude de Plasmodium. Au cours de mon travail de thèse, j’ai participé à l’élaboration d’une théorie quant à la fonction de
ces LCR et à leur importance pour la production des protéines solubles. Ces LCR seraient impliquées dans le processus de repliement co-traductionnel des protéines du parasite. Enfin, la plus grande partie de mon travail a consisté à étudier une l’effet de l’interaction hôte-pathogène sur la synthèse protéine dans les cellules du foie humain au cours de la phase hépatique de l’infection. Les sporozoïtes qui infectent le foie
présentent à leur surface une protéine membranaire appelée la protéine circumsporozoïte (CSP). Des résultats antérieurs
datant de 1997 montrent que la CSP est sécrété, elle se localise au niveau du réticulum endoplasmique et inhibe la
traduction dans la cellule hôte. j’ai démontré in vitro, en utilisant des réticulocytes de lapin, que la CSP inhibe la
traduction très efficacement, que cette inhibition prend place au niveau de la formation du complexe d’initiation 48 S et que c’est le résultat de l’interaction directe de la CSP sur la petite sous-unité ribosomale 40 S humaine.
L’ensemble de ce travail montre pour la première fois que, comme les virus, les parasites peuvent agir directement sur la synthèse protéique de leur hôte. En replaçant mon étude dans le cadre du travail de l’équipe, je discute du rôle éventuel de cette inhibition sur le développement du parasite.During my PhD, i was concerned by the study of the host-parasite interaction and its consequences on protein synthesis in human and Plasmodium falciparum (parasite responsible of the malaria) respectively. I have developed two major aspects: (i) The study of the aminoacylation reaction of transfer RNA and thus by comparison of human and parasite systems and (ii) the understanding of the mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis in human by the Circumsporozoite protein of the parasite, a transmembrane protein which is secreted during the parasite infection of host hepatocytes. The plasmodial cytosolic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a classical synthetase concerning its structural organization. It possesses two functional domains, catalytic domain and tRNA binding one. The kinetic characteristics of the aminocylation reaction (Km, Kcat and plateau) were determined. I have clearly shown that plasmodial TyrRS animoacylates both transcripts of plasmodial and human tRNATyr with the same efficiency. On the other hand, only a small fraction of modified human tRNATyr was aminoacylated by the parasite enzyme. These results indicate that crossaminoacylation reactions between the parasite and human are possible, but their efficiency varies from one system to another. Concerning the apicoplastic TyrRS, this enzyme, at the opposite of the cytosolic one, it presents two insertions. These insertions are characteristic of some parasite proteins and are called LCR (Low Complexity Region). The presence of such sequences in the apicoplastic TyrRS but also in other parasite proteins makes their expression in heterologous
systems a difficult obstacle in the study of the parasite. During my PhD work, I did participate to the collaboration of a new hypothese concerning the function and the role of these insertions in the production of soluble proteins. These LCRs play a key role in the co-translational folding of the parasite proteins. Finally, the big part of my work concerns the study of consequence of the host-parasite interactions on protein synthesis in human liver cells during the hepatic stage of the infection. During this stage, the parasite is covered by a transmembrane protein called the Circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Previous study in 1997 showed that CSP is secreted by the parasite, and co-localizes with endoplasmique reticulum where it does probably inhibit host translation. I have demonstrated by using rabbit reticulocytes lysate, that CSP inhibits efficiently translation and that by inhibiting the
formation of pre-initiation complex 48 S. This inhibition involves a direct interaction between the CSP and the small
ribosomal particle 40 S. This work shows for the first time that parasites, like some virus, could affect directly host protein synthesis. My work is part of large project concerning the study of hepatic stage of the infection; in this manuscript I will discuss the role and the consequences of such translation inhibition on the parasite life cycle
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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