1,721,061 research outputs found
Fisiopatologia della risposta immunitaria nel compartimento liquorale. XXXVII Congress of the Italian Neurological Society, Bari 14-18 October 2006.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis association: EBV has a primary or secondary role?
No full textGlatiramer Acetate in Multiple Sclerosis: a review
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be primarily an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Over the last 5 years, our view of the pathogenesis of MS has evolved considerably. The axonal damage was recognized as an early event in the disease process and as an important determinant of long-term disability. Therefore, the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective strategies are thought to represent promising approach to the therapy of MS. The therapeutic potential of glatiramer acetate (GA), a synthetic amino acid polymer composed of a mixture of L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-alanine, and L-tyrosine in defined proportions, in MS has been apparent for many years. GA has been shown to be effective in preventing and suppressing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. GA has been, therefore, evaluated in several clinical studies and found to alter the natural history of relapsing-remitting (RR)MS by reducing the relapse rate and affecting disability. These findings were confirmed in open-label follow-up trials covering more than 10 years of treatment. The trials demonstrated sustained efficacy for GA in slowing the progression of disability. The clinical therapeutic effect of GA is consistent with the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings from various clinical centers. At a daily standard dose of 20 mg, s.c., GA was generally well tolerated. The induction of GA-reactive T-helper 2-like regulatory suppressor cells is thought to be the main mechanism of the therapeutic action of this drug. In addition, it was recently shown that GA-reactive T cells produce neurotrophic factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) that protect neurons and axons in the area of injury
Pivotal Trials in Multiple Sclerosis: Similarities Prove Not to Be Useful
No full textWe present a commentary on the inclusion criteria and outcome measures of the major randomized trials on multiple sclerosis. A qualitative comparison of the characteristics of the enrolled patients is done. The objective is to stimulate a discussion about the need to improve research strategies. The discovery of new drugs studied without personalized criteria does not allow for useful advances in knowledge
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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