1,721,070 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to explore craving in daily life : influence of conditioned stimuli and relationship with substance use
No full textLe craving est considéré comme une composante centrale de l’addiction, potentiellement impliquée dans les processus de rechute, et influencée par de nombreux facteurs. Les études ayant examiné le lien entre craving et rechute montrent cependant des résultats contradictoires. Ces divergences pourraient s’expliquer par les limites méthodologiques rencontrées pour évaluer le craving de façon rétrospective ou pour l’induire expérimentalement en laboratoire. La méthode EMA (Ecological Momentary Assessment) utilise des technologies mobiles afin d’évaluer les sujets dans leur environnement naturel et de récolter des données en temps réel. Cette approche est particulièrement intéressante pour étudier les fluctuations rapides du craving, capturer l’influence des variables environnementales, ainsi que pour examiner le lien prospectif entre plusieurs variables. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’utiliser la méthode EMA afin d’examiner en vie quotidienne le craving, ses modérateurs, et son lien avec l’usage de substances chez des sujets dépendants débutant une prise en charge pour une addiction à une substance. L’analyse de la littérature révèle que la majorité des études EMA examinant le craving concerne le tabac et l’alcool, et que peu d’études ont examiné ce phénomène pour des substances illégales. La partie expérimentale de cette thèse a permis de 1) démontrer la faisabilité et la validité de la méthode EMA chez des sujets dépendants, quelle que soit la substance de dépendance (tabac, alcool, cannabis ou opiacés), 2) montrer un lien prospectif unidirectionnel entre l’intensité du craving et l’usage de substances pour les 4 groupes de substances, et 3) mettre en évidence une augmentation du craving face à des stimuli conditionnés (cues) rencontrés en vie quotidienne, augmentation d’autant plus importante qu’il s’agissait de cues individuels (personnels à chaque sujet). Cette étude démontre l’intérêt de la méthode EMA dans l’étude des addictions, souligne le rôle du craving dans les processus de rechute, et encourage le développement de protocoles d’extinction de la réactivité aux cues centrés sur des cues individuels propres à chaque sujet.Craving is a central component of addiction, involved in relapse process and under the influence of many factors. However, studies examining the link between craving and relapse have revealed some contradictory results. These inconsistencies could be due to limits encountered to assess craving in laboratory or clinical settings. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods use mobile technologies to assess subjects in their daily life, and collect data in real time. EMA is particularly well suited to assess fluctuations of craving, capture influence of environmental moderators, and examine prospective link between variables. The objective of this thesis was to use EMA to examine craving, its moderators, and its link with substance use in daily life among substance-dependent outpatients evaluated at treatment intake. Review of the literature revealed that majority of EMA studies examining craving concerned tobacco and alcohol, but only few examined illegal substances. The experimental part of this thesis 1) demonstrated that EMA methods are feasible and provide valid data in individuals with dependence for different types of substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opiates), 2) showed a prospective unidirectional association between craving and subsequent substance use in the 4 groups of substances, and 3) confirmed that conditioned stimuli (cues) encountered in daily life are associated with an increase of craving intensity, and showed that individual personalized cues elicit a more robust effect on craving compared to standard cues. These results highlight the relevance of using EMA methods to study addiction, suggest that craving has a key place in the relapse process, and encourage to develop tailorised extinction protocols centered on individual cues rather than standard non-specific cues
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Le craving : un marqueur précoce et prédictif de l'addiction au tabac, à l'alcool et au cannabis
No full textIntroduction : L’addiction, ou trouble de l’usage (TU), est caractérisé par une dérégulation du contrôle de l’usage de substances renforçantes qui se traduit par la persistance de l’usage en dépit des conséquences négatives. Le craving, défini comme une envie irrépressible de consommer, est à la fois un critère diagnostique parmi les 11 critères du DSM-5 et un phénomène fluctuant dont les variations journalières en vie quotidienne explorées avec la méthode Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) ont été prospectivement associées à l’usage, lui donnant ainsi une valeur pronostique et étiologique potentielle. La présence du craving chez des sujets avec une addiction légère suggère qu'il pourrait être un marqueur précoce. Par ailleurs, si le craving est un puissant prédicteur d’usage et de rechute, à court et moyen terme (1 an), l’impact à long terme (5 ans et plus) de ses fluctuations est inconnu. Le paradigme de réactivité aux cues entraînerait à la fois du craving et des modifications de l'activité cérébrale et autonome, suggérant que ces changements pourraient constituer l’expression physiologique du craving. Le but de cette thèse était d’étudier le rôle du craving dans le développement de l’addiction ; son impact sur la rechute à long terme et ses corrélats physiologiques.Méthode : Un total de 1528 sujets présentant une addiction ou un usage de différentes substances, en soin ou hors soin ont été inclus dans différents protocoles. Le craving a été évalué soit en tant que critère diagnostique (un trait, présence ou absence), soit en tant que phénomène fluctuant (un état, intensité variable). Les critères diagnostiques du DSM-5 ont permis d’établir un réseau de symptômes chez des patients en traitement et d’explorer le rôle prédictif du craving sur l’addiction dans une étude longitudinale en population générale. L’EMA a permis la récolte du craving et un capteur portable la collection de données physiologiques en vie quotidienne pendant 14 jours. Des modèles multiniveaux ont examiné les fluctuations du craving et son impact sur la sévérité et la rechute ; puis des algorithmes de machine learning nous a permis d’explorer ses corrélats physiologiques.Résultats : Nos résultats montrent, pour différentes substances, que le craving était le critère le plus central dans les analyses en réseau et qu’une relation dose-réponse du craving et de sa persistance pendant 12 mois était associée au nombre de critères diagnostiques d’addiction présents. De manière dynamique, les variations d’intensité du craving pendant les 14 premiers jours de traitement montraient une diminution plus lente pour les personnes en rechute de l’addiction à plus de 5 ans. Enfin, nous avons pu établir un pattern physiologique capable de distinguer le craving du non-craving.Conclusion : Dans cette thèse, nous confirmons la place majeure du craving dans l’addiction en tant que critère central de l’expression de l’addiction et nous mettons en évidence qu’il est un critère précoce et prédictif dans le développement et la sévérité de celle-ci. Nous montrons que les fluctuations d’intensité du craving en début de traitement pourraient constituer un marqueur prédictif de rechute à long terme, c’est-à-dire de réponse au traitement à long terme et qu’un pattern physiologique permettait de distinguer le craving du non-craving envie quotidienne. Ces résultats soulignent que le craving pourrait constituer un marqueur de l’addiction et ouvre la voie des biomarqueurs du craving, offrant de nouvelles perspectives sur ses mécanismes sous-jacents et de nouvelles méthodes de repérage et de traitement.Introduction: Addiction, or substance use disorder (SUD), can be characterized by deregulation of control over the use of reinforcing substances, resulting in persistent use despite negative consequences. Craving, defined as an intense urge to use, is both a diagnostic criterion among the 11 DSM-5 criteria and a fluctuating phenomenon whose daily variations in everyday life explored with the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method have been prospectively associated with use, giving it a potential prognostic and etiological value. The presence of craving in subjects with mild addiction suggests that it could be an early marker. On the other hand, while craving is a powerful predictor of use and relapse in the short and medium term (1 year), the long-term impact (5 years and more) of its fluctuations is unknown. The cue-reactivity paradigm would lead to both craving and changes in brain and autonomic activity, suggesting that these changes could be the physiological expression of craving. The aim of this PhD project was to investigate the role of craving in the development of addiction, its impact on long-term relapse and its physiological correlates.Method: A total of 1,528 subjects with addiction or use of different substances, in or out of treatment, were included in different protocols. Craving was assessed either as a diagnostic criterion (a trait, presence or absence), or as a fluctuating phenomenon (a state, of variable intensity). DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were used to establish a network of symptoms in patients requestingf treatment, and to explore the predictive role of craving on addiction in a longitudinal general population study. The EMA was used to collect craving data, while a wearable sensor was used to collect physiological data over a 14-day period. Multilevel models examined craving fluctuations and their impact on severity and relapse; then machine learning algorithms enabled exploration of its physiological correlates.Results: Our results show that, for different substances, craving was the most central criterion in the network analyses, and that a dose-response relationship for craving and its persistence over 12 months was associated with the number of SUD diagnostic criteria present. Dynamically, variations in craving intensity during the first 14 days of treatment showed a slower decline for people relapsing to addiction after 5 years or more. Finally, we were able to establish a physiological pattern distinguishing craving from no-craving episodes.Conclusion: In this PhD project, we confirm the major role of craving as a central criterion for the expression of addiction, and document that it is an early and predictive criterion in the development and severity of addiction. We show that fluctuations in craving intensity at the start of treatment could be a predictive marker of long-term relapse, i.e., long-term response to treatment, and that a physiological pattern could distinguish craving from no-craving episodes in daily life. These results underline the potential of craving as a marker of addiction and pave the way for biomarkers of craving, offering new insights into its underlying mechanisms and new methods of identification and treatment
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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