1,720,953 research outputs found
STUDY ON CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER BALANCE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE ARAL SEA AREA
No full text咸海位于哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦交界处，在调节天气，工农业和生态供水方面发挥了重要作用。自 1960 年以来，在气候变化和人类不合理的土地利用活动影响下，咸海开始不断萎缩，削弱了其气候调节功能，导致了干旱化和盐尘暴频发。 因此，本研究试图回答咸海地区的水文和气候变化对咸海造成的影响，本研究考察了 1960-2016 年咸海和阿拉尔地区的气候变化（降水和温度），咸海的水文特征（水量，水位，盐度， 1960 年至 2014 年的水面面积）和水 1960-2014 年咸海（小型，大型咸水）与 1960 年至 2012 年咸海流域自然资源（水资源和土地资源）的平衡。本研究的主要内容和结果如下：1. 基于 1960-2016 年的气温和降水数据，使用 Mann-Kendall 准则（MK）和创新趋势分析法（ITAM）分析了咸海地区气候变化趋势。结果表明，最高温度上升，速度为 0.2°C/10a（P <0.01），最低温度以每十年 0.7°C 的速度上升。 Mann-Kendall 静态试验表明，平均温度趋势增加速度为 0.3°C /10 年（P <0.01）。 年降水的度显示没有显着的趋。 气温和降水之间的相关性为 r = 0.5。季节气候指标分析结果显示，该区域绝对最大气温的长期动态变化最小，主要在秋季和夏季增加。而且在较为寒冷的半年中，最低温度升高。 由于冷暖季气温升高，导致平均气温变化上升。 本研究通过 Braslavsky 和 Nurgaliev，Shulyakovsky 以及州水文研究所（SHI）的公式计算了 2002-2014 年的蒸发量。结果表明，在 1960-1987 年期间，咸海的蒸发量从 1960 年的 71.13 km3 减少到 1986 年的 41.24 km3。1987-2014 年，小咸海的年蒸发量平均为 3.32 km3， 大咸海的蒸发量平均为 24.65 km3。 以上研究结果将有助于更深入地了解咸海和阿拉尔地区的气候变化。2. 1960-2012 年， 咸海地区灌溉用水量平均为 91.6 km3 /a。 期间， 总入湖流量平均为 104 km3 /a。 1960-2010 年，乌兹别克斯坦的平均灌溉土地为 3676 千公顷，土库曼斯坦为 1203.6 万公顷，塔吉克斯坦为 643.17 千公顷，哈萨克斯坦为 492.9 千公顷，吉尔吉斯斯坦为 734.2 千公顷。 1950-2012 年，咸海地区的灌溉面积不断增加。在整个研究时段内，咸海地区的灌溉面积平均为 690 万公顷。因此，这一时期的用水量平均增加了 104.4 km3。3. 1987 年至 2014 年大型和小型咸海水文资料的比较显示，小型咸海的水量增加了6％，表面积增加了 4％，但大咸海的这两个指标减少了。 期间，大咸海的水位从 1987 年的 40m 减少到 2014 年的 26.5m，而小咸海的水位从 1987 年的 40.8 m 增加到 2014 年的43m。大咸海湖水的盐度持续增加，而在小咸海湖水的盐度降低。 阿姆河和锡尔河流入大咸海的年流量从 1987 年的 7 km3 减少到 2014 年的 3.4 km3，而小咸海的年流入量从 1987年的 1 km3 增加到 2014 年的 5 km3。 本研究采用水量平衡法， 分析了 1960-2014 年咸海水量平衡。观测期间咸海的水量平衡主要取决于河流、 降水和蒸发。总降水量趋势略有下降，而蒸发量呈增加趋势。 1987-2014 年，大咸海的平均平衡量为每年-15.93 km3，而小型咸海的平衡量为 2.53 km3
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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