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Women Entrepreneurship Motivation and Challenges in the Context of Boko Haram Conflict in Northeast Nigeria
Get PDFViolent conflict induces hardship on every segment in society. Its impact on women is usually devastating. They particularly suffer heightened conflict-inflicted consequences compared to other segments in society. In women entrepreneurship research, the roles of women entrepreneurs in such a challenging environment have not received adequate attention. This is probably attributed to the difficulty to conduct empirical research involving hard-to-reach segment of population in the violent conflict context. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap. The research explores women entrepreneurship motivation and challenges in the context of Boko Haram conflict in Northeast Nigeria. It further investigates motivational factors and coping strategies of these entrepreneurs operating their business in the violent conflict context. The study employed an integrated approach in understanding the complex nature of the phenomenon under study. Institutional Theory and theories of motivation particularly Push-Pull Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory were engaged to guide the research. Participant observation and in-depth interview were used to obtain qualitative data for the research; thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Eighteen (18) displaced women entrepreneurs participated in this study. Overall, the findings of the study revealed that women entrepreneurs in the context of Boko Haram conflict were motivated by multifaceted factors and faced with challenges that require multifaceted approach in an effort to develop effective support system to assist them. The research found that a majority of these displaced women entrepreneurs who had previous entrepreneurial experiences were more resilience and demonstrated capability towards establishing new business ventures in the context of violent conflict. Further, two most important motivational factors – Individual Factor and Institutional/Environmental Factor – were found very important to affect the success of establishing business startup among these entrepreneurs in Post – Boko Haram conflict phase. The enabling factors that were found to contribute to resilience to the entrepreneurs under conflict contexts include: previous experience and skills, work-family balance, institutional and social supports, acceptance from host-community and perception on security. The research has made three important contributions to contribute to the women entrepreneurship field by giving focus on the violent conflict context. Firstly, this study extended the application of institutional theory by framing the research in two conflict phases – Pre-Boko Haram Conflict and Post-Boko Haram Conflict. This approach led to the discovery of in-depth “story” from the displaced women entrepreneurs with a fresh perspective to advance the women entrepreneurship knowledge. Secondly, the study contributed to advance knowledge with regards to exploring hard-to-reach segment of entrepreneurs thereby, permitted the study to contribute to the policy framework formulation towards developing support systems for women entrepreneurship under a violent conflict situation. Lastly, the research findings have practical contributions in areas related to handling women entrepreneurs in Boko Haram conflict context
Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurship in Violent-conflict Settings: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textEmpowering women through entrepreneurship in violent-conflict contexts not only improves socioeconomic welfare of women but also help in restoring peace and social inclusion in society. This paper aims at exploring the challenges and opportunities facing women empowerment through entrepreneurship in violent-conflict contexts. A qualitative research approach is employed for achieving the objective of the study. Data for the study were collected through an in-depth semi-structured interview and participant observation. A total number of twenty-three (23) participants were purposely selected from five different communities affected by Boko Haram insurgency in Northeast Nigeria. The major findings of the study revealed that the challenges facing women an entrepreneur in a violent-conflict context is multifaceted and efforts to curtail these challenges also require a comprehensive and all-inclusive approach. The study further revealed that apart from the numerous
challenges, violent-conflict environment also presents wide range of opportunities for exploitation. The study recommends that a more gender-sensitive entrepreneurship program is needed to achieve a sustainable peace in violent-conflict settings. Also, the need for adequate orientation for targeted beneficiaries towards achieving purposeful women empowerment programs
An Exploratory Study on Women Entrepreneurial Motivationin in the Context of Boko Haram Insurgency in North Eastern Nigeria
No full textThis paper aims to investigate the drivers for women entrepreneurship in the context of BokoHaram insurgency in North East Nigeria. It applies pull-push theory to women entrepreneurial motivation in a violent conflict context. A semi-structured interview was conducted with a total number of 12 women entrepreneurs who were purposely selected among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the region. The results revealed that majority of the women were driven by the urgent need for survival and livelihood which forms part of a push motivational factor. The finding also shows that previous business experience has contributed to the
successful business start-ups despite the challenges these displaced women are facing in the camp. Gender-related challenges were minimal but, the paper recommended for more
gender-specific programs in order to reduce the sufferings of the most vulnerable persons particularly women-headed households in post-conflict transition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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