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    Mechanism of thermal Z/E isomerization of aromatic azo compounds. Relation between rotation and inversion states

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    Ab initio calculations in a variation-perturbation scheme have been carried out on azobenzene and several substituted derivatives to clarify some mechanistic aspects of thermal Z/E isomerisation

    Crystallinity of polymers by x-ray diffraction: a new fitting approach

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    A new method for determining the crystallinity fraction of semi-crystalline polymers from X-ray powder diffraction measurements is presented. Using the scattering of an amorphous sample of the same material and a convenient expression for the disorder factor, the method can lead to precise separation of the crystalline and amorphous contributions by a fitting procedure. In this way, the crystallinity fraction and the disorder factor are automatically obtained. The method is applied to polyethylene terephthalate. © 1991

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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