1,721,862 research outputs found
Trends in Rhinitis during the first 18 years of life: Findings from the 1989 Isle of Wight birth cohort
No full textDoes exposure to indoor allergens contribute to the development of asthma and allergy?
No full textCommon indoor allergens include house dust mite, cockroach, animal dander, and certain molds. In genetically susceptible children, exposure to these indoor allergens during the critical postnatal period may lead to sensitization in early childhood. Consistent evidence indicates that children sensitized to common indoor allergens are at several-fold higher risk of asthma and allergy. Due to conflicting evidence from prospective studies, some doubt remains regarding a direct and dose-response relationship between exposure and development of asthma. However, in recent years, evidence has accumulated that exposure to indoor allergen causes asthma and allergy, but this effect may depend on dose and type of allergen as well as the underlying genetic susceptibility of the child
No evidence that introduction of allergenic foods prior to 6 months of age increases reports of wheeze or eczema in young childhood
No full textImplications for practice and research: a delay in the introduction of solid foods beyond 6 months does not protect from allergic disease and should not be recommended. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the specific effect of early versus delayed introduction of solid foods is needed
Early drug treatment in childhood asthma
No full textChildhood asthma is an increasingly common problem. It is now known that asthma shares similar underlying inflammatory mechanisms to the other major atopic states (rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy). The notion of an 'allergic march' has been developed to describe the phenomenon by which an atopic individual may exhibit characteristically different atopic states as they grow older. As a result of such knowledge anti-inflammatory strategies have become central to attempts both to prevent as well as to treat asthma during childhood. In some studies children with early atopy such as atopic dermatitis were treated in an attempt to prevent later onset of asthma. It has been proposed that antihistamines might prove effective for this role and in the first part of this review the results of the recently concluded Early Treatment of the Atopic Child study are considered. In the second part, the efficacy and safety of an already widely employed anti-inflammatory strategy, the use of 'early' inhaled corticosteroids for treatment of asthma in children, is examined.</p
Generalized Bayesian kernel machine regression
No full text Kernel machine regression is a nonparametric regression method widely applied in biomedical and environmental health research. It employs a kernel function to measure the similarities between sample pairs, effectively identifying significant exposures and assessing their nonlinear impacts on outcomes. This article introduces an enhanced framework, the generalized Bayesian kernel machine regression. In comparison to traditional kernel machine regression, generalized Bayesian kernel machine regression provides substantial flexibility to accommodate a broader array of outcome variables, ranging from continuous to binary and count data. Simulations show generalized Bayesian kernel machine regression can successfully identify the nonlinear relationships between independent variables and outcomes of various types. In the real data analysis, we applied generalized Bayesian kernel machine regression to uncover cytosine phosphate guanine sites linked to health-related conditions such as asthma and smoking. The results identify crucial cytosine phosphate guanine sites and provide insights into their complex, nonlinear relationships with outcome variables.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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