1,720,983 research outputs found
Efectividad de intervenciones de ejercicio físico en adolescentes con hipertensión y obesidad: Revisión sistemática
No full textObjetive: To identify interventions of the physical exercise directed to decrease values of the blood pressure in adolescents with hypertension and obesity
Materials and Method: systematic review of the randomized clinical trials and studies quasi-experimental under the PRISMA guidelines, consulted in PubMed, EBSCO (Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Elite, academic source, Medic Latina), Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane Library y Scopus.
Results: Three published studies in adolescents are included of 14 to 19 years old. Two of them were applied aerobic exercise with 50 minutes daily sessions in a four to six months course. In the third study, it was combined aerobic exercise and muscular endurance with 60 minutes sessions, three days a week for three months. In three interventions, there was a meaningful decrease of blood pressure values; however the intervention that combined aerobic exercise with muscular endurance showed more decrease of the arterial pressure values
Conclusions: The combination of aerobic exercise and muscular endurance exercise seems to be promising for the prevention and treatment in adolescents with hypertension and obesity. More studies are needed to confirm these results, the number of items found is limited
Effect of Mindfulness on the Stress–Recovery Balance in Professional Soccer Players during the Competitive Season
No full textProfessional athletes are subjected to constant stress that often leads them to exceed their capacities and lose their homeostasis, which without a proper recovery program can lead to injury, chronic fatigue, and overtraining. This work examines the effect of six weeks of a psychological intervention called Mindful Sports Performance Enhancement (MSPE), on the stress–recovery balance in professional soccer players during a competitive season. Methods: The RESTQ-76 Sport psychometric questionnaire and heart rate variability (HRV) were used as psychometric and physiological evaluation methods. Under a longitudinal case–control study and having complied with bioethical procedures, 42 professional soccer players (22 control without treatment and 20 experimental), age 17 ± 1 year, weight 63 ± 11 kg, and height 172 ± 7 cm, were analyzed. Results: RESTQ-76 Sport increased the stress–recovery balance and global recovery (p < 0.5), but decreased global stress. The stress–recovery balance values measured by the nonlinear indicators of the HRV: SD1, SD2, SS, and S:PS, were not modified. Conclusions: Six weeks of MSPE improves the stress–recovery balance in third-division professional soccer players during the competitive season, reduces stress, and increases recovery. These positive effects were not observed in the nonlinear indicators of the HRV: SD1, SD2, SS, and S:PS
Respuesta de creatina quinasa a un ejercicio anaerobio supramaximo en genotipos de ACTN3
No full textEl objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar las diferencias en la actividad de la enzima Creatina Quinasa (CK) en pre y post ejercicio anaerobio supramáximo (EASM) en portadores de los genotipos del gen de la alfa-actinina-3 (ACTN3). Se reclutaron 39 hombres sanos físicamente activos (18-35 años) y se sometieron a un EASM de 30 s (Wingate). El gen ACTN3 se determinó a partir del ADN de glóbulos blancos en sangre periférica y se evaluó la actividad de la CK en muestras sanguíneas en condiciones basales, a las 24 y 48 h post EASM. Los portadores del genotipo XX vs RR presentaron 1,4 veces menor actividad de CK en condiciones basales (p<0,05) y una mayor actividad de CK a las 24 h post ejercicio (p<0,05). Una serie de EASM fue capaz de causar un incremento significativo de la actividad de CK a las 24 h en los portadores del genotipo XX
Alimentación funcional para corregir desórdenes gastrointestinales asociados a trastornos del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática
No full textAntecedentes: los trastornos gastrointestinales (TGI) son comorbilidades comunes en los pacientes con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA);
los tratamientos con dietas libres de gluten y caseína (LGLC) o suplementos de prebióticos/probióticos podrían reducir la severidad de los TGI.
Objetivo: integrar y discutir la evidencia sobre la efectividad de las terapias con dietas LGLC y suplementos de prebióticos/probióticos sobre
los TGI en pacientes con TEA.
Metodología: se utilizaron las guías para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis (PRISMA). Se analizaron las características
de los participantes, las intervenciones dietéticas, la administración de suplementos de prebióticos/prebióticos, los efectos de las intervenciones
sobre los TGI, el riesgo de sesgo de los estudios y la seguridad de los tratamientos.
Resultados: se analizaron quince investigaciones; la prevalencia de los TGI entre los pacientes con TEA fue alta (58 %; rango, 27-83 %). En más
del 20 % de los pacientes intervenidos con dietas LGLC o suplementos disminuyó la severidad de los TGI (principalmente estreñimiento, diarrea
y dolor abdominal). Se reportaron aumentos en los conteos de bacterias benéficas y una disminución de la proporción de bacterias patógenas
tras el uso de los suplementos. Sin embargo, todas estas investigaciones presentaron sesgos metodológicos importantes.
Conclusiones: aunque se han encontrado reducciones en la frecuencia y severidad de algunos TGI, la efectividad de estos tratamientos aún
no se ha comprobado. Dadas las diferencias metodológicas de las investigaciones, se justifica el diseño de estudios rigurosos para evaluar los
efectos terapéuticos de estos tratamientos sobre la salud gastrointestinal en pacientes con TE
Food Selectivity and Its Implications Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
No full textFood selectivity (FS) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is common, and its impact on a nutritional level is known. However, the etiology of gastrointestinal disorders (GID) related to alterations in the intestinal microbiota in children with ASD remains unclear. This article provides a narrative review of the literature on FS from the last 15 years, and its relationship with GID in children with ASD. Sensory aversion in ASD leads to food elimination, based on consistencies, preferences, and other sensory issues. The restriction of food groups that modulate the gut microbiota, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as the fibers of some cereals, triggers an intestinal dysbiosis with increased abundance in Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella Escherichia/Shigella, and Clostridium XIVa, which, together with an aberrant immune response and a leaky gut, may trigger GID. It is observed that FS can be the product of previous GID. GID could provide information to generate a hypothesis of the bidirectional relationship between FS and GID. Emphasis is placed on the need for more studies with methodological rigor in selecting children with ASD, the need for homogeneous criteria in the evaluation of GID, and the adequate classification of FS in children with ASD
Uso del mindfulness sobre indicadores de estrés en deportistas durante la etapa competitiva: Revisión sistemática
Get PDFMindfulness is a meditative practice that has proven to reduce psycho-physiological stress. Purpose: Analyze if mindfulness is effective to reduce psycho-physiological stress in athletes during their competitive season. Clinical studies that included different meditative techniques for stress reduction in athletes during the competitive phase was searched for in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (1985 to August 10, 2019), using the combinations of the words mindfulness, meditation, yoga, sport, athlete, intervention, stress, and cortisol. Only seven papers were located, three of them with a quantitative design, one as quantitative and three with mixed methodology. In the seven studies found (153 subjects; 134 men and 19 women) their authors mention that mindfulness was effective for reducing stress in athletes during the competitive season
Systematic Physical Exercise and Spirulina maxima Supplementation Improves Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profile: Correlations of a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
No full textCardiovascular diseases are part of the highly preventable chronic diseases associated with changes in lifestyle. Within them, physical activity, low-fat and high-fiber diets are distinguished as the main support for prevention, even when supplementation with nutraceuticals has become a very common practice. Fifty-two young sedentary men with excess body weight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg·m−2) were enrolled in a randomized-crossover controlled trial [six weeks of a systematic physical exercise with Spirulina maxima or placebo supplementation (4.5 g·day−1)]. Body composition, blood lipid profile, and maximal oxygen uptake were determined pre/post intervention. Pairwise comparisons showed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) on blood lipid profile in the group of exercise plus Spirulina maxima. Moreover, correlations of absolute changes of BMI, body fat percentage, blood lipids and maximal oxygen uptake were statistically significant (p < 0.01). These results indicate that the Spirulina maxima supplementation could be acting in a synergistic way with exercise due to the enhanced effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood lipid profile. This phenomenon should be considered to reduce risk of cardiovascular disorders
Acute Exercise Effect on Glomerular Filtration in the Elderly
No full textIntroduction: There is a decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in older adults and the exercise practice may lead to changes in renal function. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different intensities of acute exercise on
elderly population GFR. Methods: 20 apparently healthy older adults (69,8 ± 4 years) performed 3 exercise tests a week apart: one maximal and 2 submaximal (80% and 60%). Blood samples were collected to determine serum creatinine and to estimate GFR, before and after each exercise test. Results: A significant post-exercise decline in GFR, estimated from serum creatinine values, was observed in the maximal and submaximal 80% tests (p <0,05). Conclusion: Maximum and sub-maximum acute physical exercise at 80% intensity causes a decrease in glomerular filtration in apparently healthy older
adults
Relación entre el tipo de ejercicio físico y la fatiga cuantificada mediante VFC, CK y el lactato en sangre
No full textLos atletas son expuestos a cargas de alta intensidad en la búsqueda del rendimiento deportivo, sin embargo, sus efectos no se evalúan apropiadamente. El presente estudio analiza los efectos de cuatro diferentes tipos de ejercicios sobre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC), diagrama de Poincaré (SD1: desviación estándar 1 y SD2: desviación estándar 2), así como la Creatina Cinasa (CK) y las concentraciones de lactato en sangre como marcadores de fatiga. Para lograr el objetivo, participaron 10 voluntarios sanos quienes se expusieron a fatiga mediante protocolos de ejercicio isotónicos, isométricos, aeróbicos y anaeróbicos. Se tomaron muestras de la SD1 y de la SD2 para posteriormente probar el comportamiento de la fatiga mediante el índice de estrés (SS) como parámetro simpático, y el índice simpático/parasimpático (S/PS), además se midió la raíz cuadrada media de las diferencias sucesivas (rMSSD) como indicadores parasimpáticos. Se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas al comienzo y al final de cada uno de los tipos de ejercicio para determinar los niveles de CK y lactato. La SD1 disminuye en cada protocolo de ejercicio, mientras que el SS y el S/PS incrementan. Lactato y CK incrementan al final de cada protocolo y correlacionan positivamente con el SD1 y S/PS. La VFC, CK y lactato son marcadores sensibles para la detección de fatiga, son sensibles tanto al tipo, duración e intensidad del ejercicio, siendo la VFC un marcador no invasivo y novedoso, simple y útil para los entrenadores y atletas. Palabras clave: Rendimiento deportivo, biomarcadores de estrés físico, pruebas de ejercicio físico
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