1,720,984 research outputs found
Locum physicians’ professional ethos: a qualitative interview study from Germany
Full text linkAbstract Background In contrast to other countries, the appearance of locum physicians as independent contractors constitutes a rather new phenomenon in the German health care system and emerged out of a growing economization and shortage of medical staff in the hospital sector. Locums are a special type of self-employed professionals who are only temporally embedded in organisational contexts of hospitals, and this might have consequences for their professional practice. Therefore, questions arise regarding how locums perceive their ethical duties as medical professionals. Methods In this first qualitative study on German locum physicians, the locums’ own perspective is complemented by the viewpoint of permanently employed physician colleagues. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2014 to explore the professional practice of locum physicians from both groups’ perspectives with respect to doctor-patient-relationship, cooperation with colleagues and physicians’ role in society. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, including a deductive application and an inductive development of codes. The results were related to key tenets of medical professionalism with respect to the question: how far do locums fulfil their ethical duties towards patients, colleagues and the society? Results The study indicates that although ethical requirements are met broadly, difficulties remain with respect to close doctor–patient contact and the sustainability of hiring locums as a remedy in times of staff shortage. Conclusions Further qualitative and quantitative research on locum physicians’ professional practice, including patient perspectives and economic health care system analyses, is needed to better understand the ethical impact of hiring independent contractors in the hospital sector
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Informal networks and risk coping strategies in temporary organizations: the case of media production in Germany
No full textDie Erosion interner Arbeitsmärkte und der Bedeutungsgewinn flexibler Arbeitsformen vergrößern die Unsicherheit in Rekrutierungsprozessen, bei der Koordination der Arbeit, vor allem aber in Bezug auf die Beschäftigungs-, Einkommens- und Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, ob und welche alternativen Formen der Stabilisierung in diesem flexiblen Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktkontext existieren, und welche individuellen Strategien der Unsicherheitsreduktion genutzt werden. Die empirische Grundlage stellen qualitative teilstrukturierte Interviews in der deutschen Film- und Fernsehindustrie dar, die zunächst auf Einzelfallebene und dann vergleichend hinsichtlich der Erwerbsverläufe, Rekrutierungserfahrungen und Netzwerkeinbindung der Projektbeschäftigten ausgewertet wurden. Es wird argumentiert, dass der institutionelle und strukturelle Kontext diese individuellen Strategien entscheidend beeinflusst.
Der Artikel beabsichtigt, zu einem besseren Verständnis der dynamischen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Netzwerken und Biografien sowie zwischen verschiedenen Formen des Umgangs mit Unsicherheit beizutragen.The erosion of internal labor markets, together with the rise of flexible forms of work such as projects, increases uncertainty regarding the coordination of work and labor market transactions, and it makes employment, income and career perspectives less predictable. This paper addresses the questions of what, if any, kinds of institutional and social-structural conditions are able to provide stability in the absence of the open-ended employment relationship, and which individual certainty strategies are used. On the basis of qualitative, semi-structured interviews with experts and project workers in the German television and film industry, it is argued that the institutional and social-structural context matters crucially for individual strategies to reduce uncertainty. More specifically, this paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interrelationship between networks and biographies, and of the interaction between networking and other forms of coping with risks and uncertainty.La erosión de los mercados laborales internos, junto con el aumento de las formas flexibles de trabajo, tales como los proyectos, incrementa la incertidumbre con respecto a la coordinación del trabajo y las transacciones del mercado laboral y esto hace que el empleo, ingresos y perspectivas de carrera sean menos predecibles. Este artículo aborda las preguntas de lo que, en sí, son los tipos de instituciones y las condiciones socio-estructurales capaces de proveer estabilidad en la ausencia de una relación establecida de trabajo y cuales estrategias de certidumbre individual se utilizan. Basándose en entrevistas semi-estructuradas cualitativas con expertos y encargados de proyecto en la televisión alemana y la industria cinematográfica, se argumenta que la estructura contextual social e institucional importa crucialmente en las estrategias individuales para reducir la incertidumbre. Específicamente, este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de la interrelación entre las redes y las biografías y de la interacción entre la creación de redes y otras formas de enfrentar los riesgos y la incertidumbre
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Unternehmensnetzwerke und soziale Einbettung: begriffliche Bestimmungen, Funktionen und Entstehungsbedingungen
Full text link"Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Perspektiven auf das Phänomen der Netzwerkorganisation und vergleicht wirtschaftssoziologische, neoinstitutionalistische und industriesoziologische Ansätze zu ihren Aussagen bezüglich der Definitionen, Funktionen und Entstehungsbedingungen von Interorganisationsnetzwerken. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird vorgeschlagen, zwischen verschiedenen Ebenen und Dimensionen der Einbettung von Unternehmensnetwerken zu unterscheiden und damit die spezifischen Entstehungs- und Wirkungsbedingungen der organisationalen Vernetzung auf Ebene der interpersonellen Beziehungen und ihrer organisationalen Prägung sowie des weiteren regionalen, politischen und institutionellen Kontextes systematisch zu berücksichtigen." (Autorenreferat
Wie persönliche Netzwerke funktionieren: Individuelle Marktanpassung und kollektives Handeln in flexiblen Arbeitsmärkten
No full textIn the context of a growing detachment of workers from organizations and from traditional forms of interest representation, social networks are considered as an important means of individual risk-coping and for union strategies to improve working conditions and organize workers’ interests. To contribute to a better understanding of industrial relations in flexible labour markets, this paper studies the forms and functions of personal networks in the German film and television industry. The findings of this qualitative study provide insights into the institutional and organizational conditions under which networks facilitate individual strategies, the collective organization or fragmentation of the workforce. Particularly important here are not only the strength of ties, but also vertical versus horizontal relations, and interactions between individual and collective strategies of using personal networks.Im Kontext der zunehmenden Lockerung der Bindung zwischen Beschäftigten und Unternehmen wie auch traditionellen Mitbestimmungsformen werden Netzwerke als wichtige Möglichkeit der individuellen Risikobewältigung gesehen. Ebenso wird ihnen das Potenzial zugeschrieben, die Interessen temporär Beschäftigter zu organisieren und ihre Arbeitsbedingungen zu verbessern. Dieser Beitrag zielt mit einer Untersuchung der Formen und Funktionen persönlicher Netzwerke in der deutschen Film- und Fernsehwirtschaft auf ein besseres Verständnis der Arbeitsbeziehungen in flexiblen Arbeitsmärkten. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Untersuchung zeigen organisationale und institutionelle Bedingungen auf, unter denen Netzwerke zum individuellen Interessenhandeln, zu einer Organisierung oder auch zu einer Fragmentierung der Beschäftigteninteressen beitragen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hier die Unterscheidung nicht nur nach der Stärke sozialer Beziehungen, sondern auch zwischen vertikalen und horizontalen Beziehungen, sowie die Interaktionen zwischen individuellen und kollektiven Strategien der Netzwerknutzung
Skills and Recruitment in Flexible Work Settings
Full text linkOver recent decades, we have witnessed profound changes in labour markets with an increase in flexible forms of work and employment, driven by organizational restructuring and institutional change at the macro- and at the sectoral level. In order to understand transformations of employment it is central to grasp the interrelations between the organisation of work, recruitment practices, and labour market institutions. Yet, despite the growing interest in flexible work practices and the growing number of in-depth case studies in industries seen as forerunners of flexibilisation, labour market theory and research into new forms of work are not well coordinated. Therefore it is difficult to generalize findings and to anticipate outcomes of institutional changes in training, industrial relations and labour law, or of organizational restructuring such as the externalization of employment or a shift towards temporary cooperation in projects. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of flexible work arrangements. With this in mind it situates research on extreme cases of flexibilisation in labour market theory and the analysis of work control and suggests a conceptual extension, and it empirically compares two highly flexible, yet differently regulated labour market segments in Germany. The comparison of work organisation and recruitment practices in labour market segments with different degrees of professionalization allows estimating how organizations and labour market institutions shape skill demand and recognition. On this basis, the paper conceptualises the skill demand that results from personal forms of control and specifies the conditions under which networks are used for hiring
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