21 research outputs found
The tadpole of Hypsiboas guentheri (Boulenger) (Anura: Hylidae)
No full textAlmeida-Silva, Diego, Neto, Antonio Mollo, Mendes, Humberto Fonseca, Verdade, Vanessa Kruth (2016): The tadpole of Hypsiboas guentheri (Boulenger) (Anura: Hylidae). Zootaxa 4179 (1): 139-143, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4179.1.1
Mauro Teixeira Jr, Francisco Dal Vechio, Pedro M. Sales Nunes, Antonio
No full textJr, Mauro Teixeira, Vechio, Francisco Dal, Sales Nunes, Pedro M., Neto, Antonio Mollo, Lobo, Luciana Moreira, Storti, Luis Fernando, Gaiga, Renato Augusto Junqueira, Dias, Pedro Henrique Freire, Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut (2013): Mauro Teixeira Jr, Francisco Dal Vechio, Pedro M. Sales Nunes, Antonio. Zootaxa 3646 (2): 200-200, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.1
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the western Brazilian Amazonia
No full textFIGURE 5. Detail of the forelimb of (A) Bachia scaea sp. nov. (MZUSP 103414), (B) B. dorbignyi (MZUSP 2063); (C) B. barbouri (MZUSP 46274); (D) B. trisanale abendrothii (MZUSP 3334); (E) B. t. vermiforme (MZUSP 46275); (F) B. peruana (MZUSP 51640); (G) B. bicolor (MZUSP 44957) (H) B. intermedia (MZUSP 40675).Published as part of Jr, Mauro Teixeira, Vechio, Francisco Dal, Sales Nunes, Pedro M., Neto, Antonio Mollo, Lobo, Luciana Moreira, Storti, Luis Fernando, Gaiga, Renato Augusto Junqueira, Dias, Pedro Henrique Freire & Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut, 2013, A new species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the western Brazilian Amazonia, pp. 401-420 in Zootaxa 3636 (3) on page 409, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22225
An Innovative Way to Add Value to Organizations: People Relationship Modeling
No full textPart IV: ICT and Emerging TechnologiesInternational audienceCommunications agencies are private organizations that have a fundamental role in marketing and communication markets. Following this perspective, this study, with the support of Social Network Analysis tools, the structure of an agency will be modeled with the purpose of identifying the most important actors and its relationships, and show its interdependence with the workflow of the production chain. To achieve compatible results with the organization goals, it is important that their areas or teams relate with one another so as to optimize their production processes. With support of the Ucinet® software and its integrated module NetDraw®, this paper describes through a case study, how to implement this innovative approach and follow the evolution of the network in order to improve their operational performance. The results pointed out an increase in productivity after the analysis and change in the organization’s internal communication
Bachia scaea Jr, Vechio, Nunes, Neto, Lobo, Storti, Gaiga, Dias & Rodrigues, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textBachia scaea sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Bachia flavescens Marçal et al. (2011: 262) Holotype: MZUSP 101586, an adult male from the left bank of Madeira River, (9 ° 26 ' 55.30 "S, 64 ° 50 ' 0.51 "W, 101 m a.s.l., SAD 69), Porto Velho municipality, state of Rondônia, Brazil, collected by the authors on 30 th September 2010. Field number H 828. Paratypes: MZUSP 103415, adult male and MZUSP 103414, juvenile; field numbers H 3133, H 3132, respectively (9 ° 35 ' 42.30 "S, 65 ° 3 ' 54.11 "W, 96 m a.s.l., SAD 69). MZUSP 100631, adult female; field number H 510 (9 ° 26 ' 16.18 "S, 64 ° 49 ' 58.22 "W, 123 m a.s.l., SAD 69). MZUSP 103408, adult female; field number H 2479 (9 ° 35 ' 4.53 "S, 65 ° 4 ' 9.40 "W, 129 m a.s.l., SAD 69). MZUSP 101735, MZUSP 101736, MZUSP 103413, adult females; field numbers SAME 1130, SAME 1661, MTR 21266 (approximately 09°07' S, 64 ° 30 '' W). All from Porto Velho municipality, state of Rondônia, Brazil. Etymology: The specific epithet scaea is derived from the Greek word “ skaios ” which means “on the left”, referring to its geographical position regarding the Madeira River, as it is found only on its left bank, while its putative sister species, B. dorbignyi, is found only at its right bank. Diagnosis: (1) A median-sized species of Bachia (maximum SVL= 69 mm); (2) prefrontals absent; (3) 5 supralabials; (3) supraoculars absent and 2 - 2 supraciliars; (4) femoral pores absent, 1 - 1 preanal pores in males; (5) 24–26 scales around midbody; (6) 51–54 dorsal rows of scales; (7) 40–43 ventral rows of scales; (8) 6–7 gulars; (9) 4 preanal shields; (10) no supralabials in contact with parietal; (11) dorsal scales hexagonal, imbricate, smooth; (12) fore and hindlimbs without clawed-digits; (13) first temporal present, separating fifth supralabial and parietal; (14) second chin shield not reaching oral border; (15) frontonasal present, reduced. Description of the holotype: Body elongate, with a slight cervical constriction on head, snout rounded, tail longer than body. Rostral small, barely visible from above, contacting first supralabial, nasal and frontonasal. Viewed from above the rostral is about twice as wide as high; on lateral view it projects not far from the anterior margin of jaw. Frontonasal trapezoidal, as wide as long, wider posteriorly, contacting rostral, nasal and frontal. Prefrontals absent. Frontal roughly pentagonal, longer than wide, with anterior margin slightly convex, broader than, and in contact with frontonasal, and nasal; lateral margins straight to slightly concave, in contact with loreal, first and second superciliaries; posteriorly angulose, broadly contacting parietals. Frontoparietals and interparietal absent. Parietals large, longer than wide, slightly longer and slightly narrower than frontal, roughly pentagonal; their anterior margin deeply indented and in broad contact with frontal, contacting the second superciliary, three upper temporals and the dorsals. Posterior borders of parietals and dorsals coincides with a very slight transverse cervical constriction in the occipital region. Supraoculars absent. Two superciliaries of about the same size. Nasal large, longer than high. Nostril in the anterior lower margin of the nasal, invading the upper border of first supralabial. Loreal roughly squared, in contact with nasal, frontal, first superciliary, a small irregular anterior subocular and second and third supralabials. Frenocular absent. Six supralabials; third, fourth and fifth under the orbital region, fifth the highest and largest, not contacting parietal; fourth the smallest. Three suboculars; second longest; third one contacting second superciliary and an elongate anterior temporal. Postocular absent. Eyelid present with an undivided semitransparent disc. A small temporal scale between fifth and sixth supralabials and first and second temporal scales. Second upper temporal enlarged, longer than wide, diagonally disposed over a smaller scale contacting sixth supralabial. These two scales are followed by a similarly disposed third pair of temporal scales where the upper scale is the largest. Ear opening absent; its position marked by a longitudinal series of smaller granules. All head scales smooth and juxtaposed. Mental roughly trapezoidal, wider than long, just broader than the ventral surface of rostral. Postmental roughly heptagonal; longer than wide. Two pairs of chin shields, both contacting infralabials; the anterior pair smaller, in broad contact at the midline; second pair in narrower contact at the midline, followed by three pairs of symmetric flat elongate pregulars, inner ones the largest. Five infralabials; first, second and third with about the same size. Gulars smooth, imbricate, rounded posteriorly, in seven transversal rows; scales of gular rows increasing gradually in size toward interbrachial region. Interbrachial region with two central, longer than wide central scales, emarginated at each side by a pair of two smaller scales, the lower one larger. Lateral scales of neck subrectangular, smooth, imbricate, slightly rounded posteriorly and longer than wide, disposed in regular transverse rows and becoming gradually similar to adjacent dorsal or ventral scales. Collar fold absent. Dorsal scales imbricate and disposed in regular transversal rows; smooth, subrectangular and wider in occipital region, becoming progressively narrower, more elongate and rounded towards the level of the forelimbs and then on longer, hexagonal, lanceolate, smooth, with lateral sides almost juxtaposed. Fifty-three transverse rows between interparietal and the level of hind limbs. Lateral scales about the same size as the dorsals but smooth and less acuminate; those closer to ventrals slightly wider. A distinctive area with granular scales surrounds the area of forelimbs insertion and the posterior part of hindlimbs insertion. Twenty five scales around the midbody. Ventral scales smooth, longitudinally imbricate, laterally juxtaposed, almost squared just after the interbrachial row, becoming gradually longer than wide, rounded posteriorly, those after midbody narrower; forty transverse rows between interbrachials and preanals. Four preanal shields, divided in three longitudinal rows, central one with two scales aligned longitudinally; one small scale on each side of anal plate. One preanal pore, femoral pores absent. Scales of tail similar to midbody dorsals, smooth, lanceolate, strongly imbricated, with 121 transverse rows. Fore limbs stiliform, covered by smooth and imbricate scales, ending by three apical scales with no claws. Hind limbs also rudimentary, very reduced in size. Background color of dorsal and lateral surfaces of body and tail dark brown with a pair of dorsolateral yellowish stripes extending from the lateral edge of parietals to the tip of the tail, and two paravertebral faded cream lines beginning at the fifth dorsal row, coalescing just after the hindlimb level and fading. Ventral parts of body and tail brown. Measurements of the holotype (mm): SVL= 62.2 mm; TL= 107.4 mm Variation: the sample is fairly homogeneous in scale counts and dorsal color pattern, however some variation in head scalation can be observed; in three specimens (MZUSP 103408, 103414– 15,) the first temporal is followed directly by the second temporal, whereas in the five other specimens (MZUSP 100631, 101586, 101735 –36, 103413), there is a small scale between the first and second temporals and the supralabials. Ontogenetic variation on dorsal pattern can also be observed, with the two paravertebral cream lines merging at the cloacal level and entering the tail, fading posteriorly in juveniles; in adults after merging at the cloacal level the line disappears, rendering the dorsal surface of tail dark brown. Comparison with other species (data from species in comparison are given in parentheses): the new species is a member of the Bachia dorbignyi group by having hexagonal, smooth, imbricate dorsal scales; quadrangular, juxtaposed ventral scales; supraoculars absent; interparietal and prefrontal absent; no femoral pores; 1 - 1 preanal pores; hindlimb stiliform and forelimbs ending in three fingers. These characters promptly distinguish B. scaea sp. nov. from all species of the B. bresslaui group (all with keeled dorsal scales, and supraoculars present), from the B. heteropa group (four digits on limbs and interparietal present) and from the B. flavescens group (quadrangular dorsal scales, supraoculars present). Among the species of the Bachia dorbignyi group (diagnostic features for species of B. dorbignyi group are summarized in Table 1), B. scaea sp. nov. can be promptly distinguished from all species by the absence of clawed fingers (Fig. 3) (2–4 clawed fingers in combination for all other species). Additionally it differs from B. bicolor, B. huallagana, B. peruana, B. talpa and B. trisanale by having 6 supralabials (5) and from B. huallagana and B. trisanale by having 5 infralabials (4). By the absence of contact between supralabial and parietal it differs from B. dorbignyi (in the 5 th), B. huallagana (3 rd), B. peruana (4 th), B. talpa (4 th) and B. trisanale (4 th). It also differs from B. dorbignyi, B. huallagana, B. peruana and B. trisanale by the presence of a first temporal (absent). By the absence of interparietal it differs from B. barbouri (present) and by the presence of a frontonasal it differs from B. trisanale (absent). The lower number of gulars, 6–7, distinguishes it from B. barbouri (8–10), B. bicolor, B. intermedia (both 7–9), B. talpa (9) and B. trisanale (7–8). By the lower number of scales around the body, 24–26, it can also be distinguished from B. barbouri (26–31), B. bicolor (27–31) and B. intermedia (28–35). By the number of dorsal scales, 51–54, it can also be distinguished from B. talpa (47–51). By the higher number of ventral scales, 42–45, it can be distinguished from B. barbouri (34–39), B. bicolor (34–40), B. intermedia (33–38) and B. talpa (36–38). Although information on the number of caudal scales is missing for most of the species, it can also be distinguished from B. dorbignyi by a higher number of rows, 111–121 (88–108). It can be further distinguished from B. bicolor, B. barbouri and B. talpa by the second chin shield not reaching the oral border (second chin shield reaches the oral border). It can also be distinguished from B. bicolor, B. talpa and B. trisanale by the presence of four preanal shields (three). Also differences in the dorsal color pattern distinguish it from all other Bachia species of the B. dorbignyi group (see Fig. 4 for a summary of dorsal color patterns in the group, excluding B. talpa, for which we did not have data on its dorsal color). Hemipenial morphology: The left hemipenis of MZUSP 103414 (Fig. 5 A) is unilobed with the distal tip of the retractor muscle divided. The organ is relatively small, extending along approximately four subcaudal rows (4 mm). The hemipenial body is cylindrical, slightly divided in the distal tip, indicating possibly vestigial lobes. The sulcus spermaticus is a relatively broad channel, originating at the central region of the base of the organ, and proceeding in a straight line towards the apex. At the distal tip of the hemipenial body the sulcus is divided in two shallow branches. On the lobes, these branches run centrifugally ending at the external face of the tip. The full hemipenis is completely nude, with no evident plicae, papillae, ridges, calyces, mineralized spines or spinules in both faces (sulcate and asulcate), even after their immersion on Alizarin Red solution for 24 hours. The complete absence of evident hemipenial ornamentation on the genus Bachia is a common condition shared with other species, such as Bachia trisanale, B. intermedia (Presch 1978), B. oxyrhina (Rodrigues et al. 2008), B. heteropa alleni and B. bresslaui (Nunes 2011). The organ of B. dorbignyi (Fig. 5 B) is relatively similar with that of described above for B. scaea sp. nov., differing only in the shape of the hemipenial body, which is more globular, and in the width of sulcus spermaticus, wider than observed in the specimen of B. scaea sp. nov. Distribution and Natural history: despite our large sampling effort in both banks of Madeira River, specimens of Bachia scaea sp. nov. were found only on its left bank (Fig. 6). The additional specimens from Porto Velho municipality were also found at the left bank. In the literature specimens referred to as B. gr. dorbignyi (Avila-Pires 2009) are recorded from a close locality, Guajará-Mirim, at the right bank of Madeira River. We have not examined these specimens, however the dorsal coloration matches that of B. dorbignyi, nonetheless it will be important to examine these specimens to attest if they belong to the new one or B. dorbignyi. B. scaea B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. sp. nov. barbouri bicolor dorbignyi huallagana intermedia peruana talpa trisanale Caudals 111–121 ?? 88–108 ????? SL 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 IL 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 SL-P none 5 th none 5 th 4 th none 4 th 4 th 4 th 1 st temporal present absent present absent absent present absent absent absent Interparietal absent present absent absent absent absent absent absent absent Chin-oral no yes yes no no no no yes no Preanal shields 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 Hemipenis nude? flounced nude? nude?? nude Although no specimen was found active, one individual found during the day in a trail was supposed to be moving under the leaves. One individual was captured in a pitfall trap, while all others were found among the leaf litter and under rotten trunks and fallen logs, through active search. Although we managed to gather six specimens from the sampling areas, given the large effort, it seems to be rare. The environment where B. scaea sp. nov. is found is dominated by a varzea forest (seasonally flooded forest by white-water rivers, such as the Madeira River), in some places with 35m tall trees, with dense leaf litter, crossed by small streams (Fig. 7), with the canopy frequently open due clearings. The altitude is about 90–100m a.s.l., however some higher grounds are also found, reaching up to about 300m a.s.l. Almost nothing is known about its biology, but a pregnant female (MZUSP 101735) carrying two eggs, observed through ventral skin, was found during the rainy season (December or January). Phylogenetic relationships: The final standard deviation of split frequencies on the BA on the concatenate matrix had a very low value (0.002), and also for 16 S (0.004) and c-mos (0.006) indicating stationarity. The concatenate dataset recovered Bachia scaea sp. nov. as sister to B. dorbignyi, but the support was not significantly high, in the 16 S results they are still recovered as sisters but although higher the support are also not significant; for the c-mos results B. scaea sp. nov. is recovered in a polytomy together with B. intermedia, B. m. monodactylus, B. m. parkeri, B. bicolor, B. barbouri, B. peruana, B. trisanale and B. panoplia, but the support for this polytomy is also low. In fact, the overall support for most of the branches in all topologies are low, although some well supported structure is also observed, such as in the lineage that includes B. huallagana, B. scolecoides and B. heteropa alleni (Fig. 8). Uncorrected p -distances ranged from 1 to 6 % for c-mos, and 4 to 12 % for 16 S among Bachia species (Table 2). Genetic distances between B. dorbignyi and B. scaea sp. nov. were 4 % for 16 S, and 2 % for c-mos. The description of Bachia scaea sp. nov. herein ends a long term stasis on the taxonomy of Amazonian Bachia species, especially in the B. dorbignyi group, which had its last species described by Dixon (1973) four decades ago. Avila-Pires (1995) in her comprehensive work on the lizards from the Brazilian Amazonia commented that some Bachia species deserved a more careful examination. Regarding B. peruana, she argued that in a series of specimens from northern Acre state (Cruzeiro do Sul region), Brazil, although some features were coincident with the typical form, there were also other features that overlapped with characters of other species, such as the contact between fifth supralabial and parietal, similar to B. dorbignyi, the absence of frontonasal, similar to B. trisanale (Avila-Pires 1995); and also the absence of clawed fingers, which would distinguish it from other known species of the B. dorbignyi group. Nonetheless, as she examined only a few specimens from that region, she could not evaluate this issue. We have also examined two of three specimens she mentioned, and compared them to the examined B. peruana and Dixon’s (1973) data, who analysed nearlly 40 specimens of this species, and we are positive that this Cruzeiro do Sul population do not represent B. peruana. Indeed they are morphologically intermediate between B. dorbignyi and B. scaea sp. nov. However, as only two specimens (one sub-adult and one juvenile) are available, and variation between them is considerable, such as the presence of frontoparietal in one (ZUEC 436), while it is absent in the other (ZUEC 435) we prefer to wait for additional material in order to decide on their taxonomic status. At that time it should be also important to examine the previously referred specimens from this area (Avila-Pires 2009; Bernarde et al. 2011; SpeciesLink 2011), all referred to as Bachia sp. in our map (Fig. 6). A few individuals from southern Acre (Rio Branco region) were also made available to us. This sample fully matched the diagnostic features of B. trisanale; a lower number of dorsal scales, frontonasal absent, presence of clawed-fingers, anal plate with three shields and the 4 th supralabial touching parietal. Although the list of Brazilian reptiles (Bernils & Costa 2012) and IUCN Red List (Lehr & Doan 2010) indicate the presence of B. trisanale in Brazil, they do not have specific data on its occurrence (R. Bernils and E. Lehr per. comm.), thus to our knowledge this is the first unequivocal record of B. trisanale in Brazil. The reported absence of clawed fingers in the northern Acre populations is also observed in all specimens of Bachia scaea sp. nov. In fact, clawed fingers are widespread among species of the B. dorbignyi group, thus its absence in B. scaea sp. nov. distinguishes it from all other species (Fig. 3), although its overall external morphology still resembles B. dorbignyi and B. peruana. Nonetheless, the molecular data is not conclusive on Bachia scaea sp. nov. relationship, as the mitochondrial data suggests a close relationship with B. dorbignyi and the nuclear data place it in a polytomy with several species; thus only further analyses using additional genetic markers may elucidate this question. If confirmed, its relationship with B. dorbignyi will lead to an interesting biogeographical scenario, as both are geographically separated by the Madeira River. This river has already been recognized as a geographical barrier among closely related lineages within several groups (Cracraft 1985; Ayres & Cluttonbrock 1992; Haffer 1992; Avila-Pires 1995; Fernandes et al. 2012; Ribas et al. 2012; Tsuji-Nishikido et al. 2012), and could be associated with the break on the distributional range of the ancestor of B. scaea sp. nov. and B. dorbignyi, leading to their differentiation. Nonetheless a more comprehensive phylogenetic work is still needed to address this matter. The upper Madeira River at the state of Rondônia crosses a lowland area that has been under a massive anthropic pressure. The varzea forests found at its right bank has been progressively anthropized, with the increasing of several destructive activities such as mining and pasturelands for cattle. Moreover, the installation of two hydroelectric dams, currently being built at the Madeira River, will probably transform drastically the landscape in the next few years. Fortunately, the left bank of Madeira River, where B. scaea sp. nov. is found, harbors more preserved forests, and also encompasses a National Park (Parque Nacional do Mapinguari) and higher lands, that will not be reached by the reservoirs, and hopefully some populations will not be affected. The results presented here indicates that the diversity of Bachia at the Brazilian Amazonia is far from being comprehensively known, and it is likely to change in the future through further taxonomic studies on widespread species, and more surveys on poorly sampled areas, which will certainly find that its richness is even higher than currently known.Published as part of Jr, Mauro Teixeira, Vechio, Francisco Dal, Sales Nunes, Pedro M., Neto, Antonio Mollo, Lobo, Luciana Moreira, Storti, Luis Fernando, Gaiga, Renato Augusto Junqueira, Dias, Pedro Henrique Freire & Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut, 2013, A new species of Bachia Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the western Brazilian Amazonia, pp. 401-420 in Zootaxa 3636 (3) on pages 403-416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22225
Diagnóstico preventivo de laminite em bovinos de leite
No full textThis research aimed to develop a Fuzzy inference based on expert system to help preventing lameness in dairy cattle. Hoof length, nutritional parameters and floor material properties (roughness) were used to build the Fuzzy inference system. The expert system architecture was defined using Unified Modelling Language (UML). Data were collected in a commercial dairy herd using two different subgroups (H-1 and H-2), in order to validate the Fuzzy inference functions. The numbers of True Positive (TP), False Positive (FP), True Negative (TN), and False Negative (FN) responses were used to build the classifier system up, after an established gold standard comparison. A Lesion Incidence Possibility (LIP) developed function indicates the chances of a cow becoming lame. The obtained lameness percentage in H-1 and H-2 was 8.40% and 1.77%, respectively. The system estimated a Lesion Incidence Possibility (LIP) of 5.00% and 2.00% in H-1 and H-2, respectively. The system simulation presented 3.40% difference from real cattle lameness data for H-1, while for H-2, it was 0.23%; indicating the system efficiency in decision-making.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema especialista baseado em inferência Fuzzy para prevenir a laminite em vacas leiteiras. O comprimento do casco, parâmetros nutricionais e propriedades do piso (rugosidade) foram utilizados para construir o sistema de inferência Fuzzy. A arquitetura do sistema especialista foi definida utilizando a Unified Modeling Language (UML). Os dados foram coletados em um rebanho leiteiro comercial, usando dois diferentes subgrupos (H1 e H2), a fim de validar as funções de inferência Fuzzy. O número de respostas Verdadeiro Positivo (TP), Falso Positivo (FP), Verdadeiro Negativo (TN) e Falso Negativo (FN) foram utilizados para a construção do classificador, contra um padrão-ouro estabelecido. A função da possibilidade de incidência da lesão (LIP) desenvolvida indica a chance de a vaca apresentar laminite. A percentagem de laminite obtida em H1 foi de 8,40%, e em H2 foi de 1,77%. Os resultados alcançados estimam uma Possibilidade de incidência de lesão (LIP) de 5,00% em H1, e de 2,00% em H2. A simulação utilizando o sistema em H1 apresentou a diferença de 3,40% a partir dos dados reais de incidência de laminite, enquanto em H2 a diferença entre a simulação e os dados reais foi de 0,23%, indicando a eficiência do sistema de tomada de decisão.Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Natureza e CulturaUniversidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia de Tup
Preventive diagnosis of dairy cow lameness
No full textThis research aimed to develop a Fuzzy inference based on expert system to help preventing lameness in dairy cattle. Hoof length, nutritional parameters and floor material properties (roughness) were used to build the Fuzzy inference system. The expert system architecture was defined using Unified Modelling Language (UML). Data were collected in a commercial dairy herd using two different subgroups (H1 and H2), in order to validate the Fuzzy inference functions. The numbers of True Positive (TP), False Positive (FP), True Negative (TN), and False Negative (FN) responses were used to build the classifier system up, after an established gold standard comparison. A Lesion Incidence Possibility (LIP) developed function indicates the chances of a cow becoming lame. The obtained lameness percentage in H1 and H2 was 8.40% and 1.77%, respectively. The system estimated a Lesion Incidence Possibility (LIP) of 5.00% and 2.00% in H1 and H2, respectively. The system simulation presented 3.40% difference from real cattle lameness data for H1, while for H2, it was 0.23%; indicating the system efficiency in decision-making.Universidade Estadual Paulista 'JÚlio de Mesquita Filho', UNESP, Câmpus de Tupã, SPUniversidade Paulista - UNIP -Câmpus Indianópolis, São Paulo - SPPesquisador da Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas - SPInstituto de Natureza e Cultura - INC da Universidade Federal, Do Amazonas - UFAM, Benjamin Constant - AMUniversidade Estadual Paulista 'JÚlio de Mesquita Filho', UNESP, Câmpus de Tupã, S
On the snake Siphlophis worontzowi (Prado, 1940): notes on its distribution, diet and morphological data
No full textWe provide geographic data for the poorly known dipsadid Siphlophis worontzowi including the first records to the Tocantins state and on the left bank of Madeira River at Rondônia State. Our data also extend its distribution on Mato Grosso State. We also provide new morphometric, meristic and ecological data to the knowledge of this species
The dialectics of fetish capital in Karl Marx
No full textThe present thesis has its turning point in the appropriation of dialectics as fundamental heuristic key for the elucidation of the peculiarity of the economic categories contained in Capital, that is, how Marx manages to transfer the dialectical method from the philosophical sphere to the economic sphere and operate a forceful critique of political economy. The dialectical appropriation of the metamorphoses that constitute capital has, in the abstract form of the commodity, its essential mediation for the apprehension of the concreteness of the capital system. Commodity fetishism unfolds in multiple forms to obliterate the surplus labor time as the foundation of value that appreciates itself. The elucidation of the capital fetish, which manifests as a sort of "automaton subject," has its turning point in investigating the commodity as an abstract form of manifestation of wealth in the capitalist mode of production. The analysis of specific moments from Capital's first and third books allows us to capture the peculiarity of the antediluvian forms of capital and the capillarity of capital metamorphoses (usurious, commercial, and industrial). The ontological analysis of the vicissitudes of the commodity, money, and industrial capital finds its crowning in interest-bearing capital as the perfect manifestation of the capital fetish. The dialectical investigation of the metamorphosis of the capital fetish primarily aims to reveal the limits of the system, which repeatedly requires the obliteration of its foundations and needs to incessantly recycle the mechanisms for suppressing its relationship with living labor through the encrustation of new theological tricks and old metaphysical subtleties. Interest-bearing Capital represents the apex of the completeness of the fetish expressed in productive capital, shaping itself as a form devoid of concept, with a unique ability to invert the actual movement of things and transform Capital into a kind of cause of itself. It solidifies the understanding that the interests emanate from the very property of the capital and not from the sharing of the surplus value resulting from production. The development of interest-bearing capital serves as essential mediation for the exponential growth of fictitious capital. One will observe how the relationship of fictitious capital with productive capital tends to fray due to the dynamic of expansion and incessant accumulation of the capital system. The surplus value emanating from production cannot return to production and needs to go to the illusory, speculative, and parasitic forms expressed in the futures market, commodities market, stock market, and public debt. In an attempt to carry out the immanent reading of Capital, the thesis author resorted to valuable loans from thinkers such as István Mészáros (2006), G. Lukács (2012), Herbert Marcuse (1978), Rosdolsky (2001), Carlos Prado Eleutério (2011), Jesus Ranieri (2000), Jadir Antunes (2018; 2006), Jorge Grespan (2019), Marcelo Carcanholo (2011), José Chasin (1988), Marilda Iamamoto (2008), Luiz Gonzaga Belluzzo (2013), Maria de Lourdes Rollemberg Mollo (2011), Hector Benoit (2008), M. Sabatini (2023), Boccega (2007; 2020), Reinaldo Carcanholo (2003; 2013), Enrique Dussel (2012), Marxhausen (1988), Freire (2021), Monfardini (2011) etc.A presente tese tem seu ponto de inflexão na apropriação da dialética como chave heurística fundamental para a elucidação da peculiaridade das categorias econômicas contidas em O capital, ou seja, como Marx consegue transportar o método dialético da esfera filosófica para a esfera econômica e operar uma crítica contundente à economia política. A apropriação dialética das metamorfoses que constituem o capital tem na forma abstrata da mercadoria sua mediação essencial para a apreensão da concretude do sistema do capital. O fetichismo da mercadoria desdobra-se em múltiplas formas na perspectiva de obliterar o tempo de trabalho excedente como fundamento do valor que se valoriza. A elucidação do capital fetiche, que se manifesta como uma espécie de “sujeito autômato”, tem seu ponto de inflexão na investigação da mercadoria, como forma abstrata de manifestação da riqueza no modo de produção capitalista. A análise de determinados momentos específicos do primeiro e do terceiro livros de O capital permite capturar a peculiaridade das formas antediluvianas do capital e a capilaridade das metamorfoses do capital (usurário, comercial e industrial). A análise ontológica das vicissitudes da mercadoria, do dinheiro e do capital industrial encontra seu coroamento no capital portador de juros, como forma perfeita de manifestação do capital fetiche. Já a investigação dialética da metamorfose do capital fetiche tem como vetor primordial a revelação dos limites do sistema, que carece reiteradamente da obliteração de seus fundamentos e que necessita reciclar incessantemente os mecanismos de supressão de sua relação com o trabalho vivo, mediante a incrustação de novas manhas teológicas e velhas sutilezas metafísicas. O capital portador de juros representa o ápice da completude do fetiche expresso no capital produtivo, plasmando-se como uma espécie de forma destituída de conceito, com capacidade sui generis de inverter o movimento efetivo das coisas e transformar o capital numa espécie de causa sui. Solidifica, assim, o entendimento de que os juros emanam da própria propriedade do capital e não da partilha do maisvalor decorrente da produção. O desenvolvimento do capital portador de juros funciona como mediação essencial para o crescimento exponencial do capital fictício. Observar-se-á como a relação do capital fictício com o capital produtivo tende a esgarçar-se pela própria dinâmica de expansão e acumulação incessante do sistema do capital. O mais-valor emanado da produção não pode retornar à produção e precisa ser deslocado para as formas ilusórias, especulativas e parasitárias expressas no mercado de futuros, no mercado de commodities, no mercado bursátil e na dívida pública. Na tentativa de realização da leitura imanente de O capital, o autor da tese recorreu aos empréstimos valiosos de pensadores como István Mészáros (2006), G. Lukács (2012), Herbert Marcuse (1978), Rosdolsky (2001), Carlos Prado Eleutério (2011), Jesus Ranieri (2000), Jadir Antunes (2018; 2006), Jorge Grespan (1999; 2019), Marcelo Carcanholo (2011), José Chasin (1988), Marilda Iamamoto (2008), Luiz Gonzaga Belluzzo (2013), Maria de Lourdes Rollemberg Mollo (2011), Hector Benoit (2008), M. Sabatini (2023), Boccega (2007; 2020), Reinaldo Carcanholo (2003; 2013), Enrique Dussel (2012), Marxhausen (1988), Freire (2021), Monfardini (2011) etc
