119,114 research outputs found
Protection and Management of the Annunziata River Mouth Area (Italy)
No full textA better understanding and prediction of the dynamic processes that govern the coastal zone is the topic of the current paper; in particular, a deep investigation of the coastal processes that affect the shoreline dynamic and flood inundation risk is carried out at the Annunziata river mouth area (Italy). The Annunziata River is situated in the Northern part of Reggio Calabria city; it is, at the same time, a source of danger and an important environmental and hydrological resource for Reggio Calabria, since on the right side there is the city port and on the left side there is the public beach. The protection and management of coastal areas should be supported by a deep knowledge of the interaction between water motion and seabed topography, which affects the natural response of coastal systems to changes in external conditions and to human interferences. This work tries to analyze the coastal morphology through the use of some recent models based on spectral theory
Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol carbonates and carbamates as novel antiradical and antimicrobial agents: a chemo-enzymatic flow synthesis
No full textMost chemical and pharmaceutical industries aim at developing new synthetic strategies towards the concepts of eco-sustainability described by the twelve principles of green chemistry, reducing pollution, waste and hazardous effects on workers’ health. Food-derived phenolic compounds have recently been described as object of interest by nutraceutical, cosmetic and phamaceutical companies for their antioxidant, metal chelator, free radical scavenger, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties.1,2 However, their relevance as active ingredients is still limited due to metabolic/chemical instability, solubility and bioavailability issues.
Carbonate and carbamate chemical moieties play an important role in modern drug discovery and medicinal chemistry; thus, the development of environmentally friendly processes, exploiting no-toxic and biodegradable chemicals, is necessary. In this context, we developed a chemo- enzymatic continuous flow synthesis of tyrosol (Ty) and hydroxytyrosol (HTy) carbonates and carbamates. Starting from these natural molecules, a series of lipophilic derivatives were synthetized, increasing or leaving unaltered the antiradical and antimicrobial properties of the parent compounds. Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) was adopted as commercially available immobilized biocatalyst, suitably packed in a glass column reactor, and used in an unconventional organic medium as tert-amyl alcohol. A reproducible, efficient, safe, phosgene-free procedure to obtain carbonates has been set-up, followed by the nucleophilic attack using appropriate amines to obtain the desired carbamates (Scheme 1).3,4 Moreover, a telescoped two-step process was developed to reduce manual handling, time and costs.
Acknowledgment: The project was realized within the MUSA – Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action – project, funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) Mission 4 Component 2 Investment Line 1.5: Strenght- ening of research structures and creation of R&D “innovation ecosystems”, set up of “territorial leaders in R&D”.
1. Kumar, N.; Goel, N. Biotechnol. Rep. 2019, 24, e00370.
2. Cozier, A.; Jaganath, I.B.; Clifford, M.N. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2009, 26, 1001-1043.
3. Vicinanza, S.; Annunziata, F.; Pecora, D.; Pinto. A.; Tamborini, L. RCS Adv. 2023, 13, 22901-22904.
4. Vicinanza, S.; Mombelli L.; Annunziata F.; Donzella S., Contente M.L.; Borsari C.; Conti P.; Meroni G.;
Molinari F.; Martino P.A.; Pinto A.; Tamborini L. Sustain. Chem. Pharm. 2024, 39, 101542
Living Ring-Opening Homo- and Copolymerization of epsilon-Caprolactone and L- and D,L-Lactides by Dimethyl(salicylaldiminato)aluminum Compounds
No full textABSTRACT: The dimethylaluminum compounds {3-tBu-2-(O)C6H3CH=N-R}AlMe2 [R=C6H5 (1); 2,6- iPr2C6H3 (2); C6F5 (3)] were used as initiators in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-capro- lactone, L-lactide, and D,L-lactide. Compound 3, in combination with 1 equiv of methanol, exhibited a living behavior in the ROP of the cyclic esters. Such a feature allowed the preparation of poly(D,L-lactide-block- ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide-block-ε-caprolactone) copolymers. Random copolymers of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide and of ε-caprolactone and D,L-lactide were also synthesized by compound 3. NMR and DSC characterization confirmed a highly random structure of these copolymers, even in the absence of transesterification reactions. All the materials, characterized by GPC, showed high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distributions
La valorizzazione sostenibile delle produzioni agroalimentari di qualità
No full textIl contributo affronta il tema della centralità della società e del territorio nella definizione delle strategie di sviluppo.Tali entità, infatti, costituiscono una condizione essenziale per la sostenibilità delle imprese operanti nel settore agroalimentare. Infatti, l‟accresciuta sensibilità dei consumatori ai temi della salute, dell‟ambiente o dell‟equità e la relativa ricerca di un miglioramen-to del benessere e della qualità di vita, hanno stimolato un interesse crescente verso il complesso di attività da intraprendere al fine di orientare l‟impresa sempre più verso la società e di integrarla sul territorio e con il territorio.
In particolare, i profondi mutamenti che nel passaggio al nuovo secolo hanno interessato i sistemi socio-economici e culturali hanno contribuito a ridisegnare il quadro di riferimento dell‟agroalimentare, ridefinendone la centralità nel perseguimento di uno sviluppo bilanciato, competitivo e sostenibile dei sistemi territoriali. I nuovi e sempre più complessi scenari globali e locali, in particolare, hanno fatto emergere la responsabilità delle imprese agroalimentari e dei relativi sistemi territoriali rispetto alle istanze sociali della salute, del benessere, dell‟alimentazione, della sostenibilità ambientale e complessivamente del miglioramento della qualità della vita
Symptomatic cranial neuralgias in multiple sclerosis: Clinical features and treatment
No full textIn multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain is a frequent condition, negatively influencing the overall quality of life. Cranial neuralgias, including trigeminal, glossopharyngeal neuralgias, as well as occipital neuralgia, are typical expression of neuropathic pain. Neuralgias are characterised by paroxysmal painful attacks of electric shock-like sensation, occurring spontaneously or evoked by innocuous stimuli in specific trigger areas. In multiple sclerosis, demyelination in the centrally myelinated part of the cranial nerve roots plays an important role in the origin of neuralgic pain. These painful syndromes arising in multiple sclerosis are therefore considered "symptomatic", in contrast to classic cranial neuralgias, in which no cause other than a neurovascular contact is identified. At this time, the evidence on the management of symptomatic cranial neuralgias in multiple sclerosis is fragmentary and a comprehensive review addressing this topic is still lacking. For that reason, treatment is often based on personal clinical experience as well as on anecdotal reports. The aim of this review is to critically summarise the latest findings regarding the pathogenesis, the diagnosis, the instrumental evaluation and the medical as well as neurosurgical treatment of symptomatic trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and occipital neuralgia in multiple sclerosis, providing useful insights for neurologists and neurosurgeons and a broad range of specialists potentially involved in the treatment of these painful syndromes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V
Synthesis of New Enantiomerically Pure Macrocycles Containing Phenanthroline Subunits
No full textNew enantiomerically pure macrocycles have been prepared by combining 1,10-phenanthroline 2,9-dicarboxylic acid and two -amino-acids linked through spacers. Different diamine linkers have been employed in order to modify the dimensions and the properties of the macrocycles whose structures have been studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The ability of the (L)-valine containing macrocycles to bind metal ions and phenolic molecules has been investigated by 1H NMR experiments and Molecular Mechanics calculations
Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia Annunziata & Cavalcanti & Santos & Pinheiro 2019, n. sp.
No full textClathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp. (Figs 2,3; Table 1) Type locality: Brazil, Maranhão State, Tutóia Municipality, Tutóia beach, Brazil. Type specimen: Holotype: UFPEPOR 2351, Tutóia beach (02º45’13.000” S, 42º17’16.977” W), Tutóia Municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil, coll. B. Annunziata, R. A. Silva, L. H. O. Souza, 24 July 2017. Diagnosis. Bush sponge with flattened branches emerging at encrusting base, styles (167–522 / 3–10 µm), subtylostyles (171–488 / 3–10 µm), and palmate isochelae (10–19 µm); toxa absent. External morphology. Bush sponge emerging at encrusting base, with flattened branches measuring 6.25 x 0.53 cm (7.0– 5.5 cm x 0.8– 0.3 cm) (Fig. 2A). Oscula inconspicuous, hispid surface and soft consistency. Orange color in life, and dark gray in 80% ethanol (Fig. 2B). Skeleton (Fig. 2C). Choanosomal skeleton with differentiated axial and extra-axial regions: axial skeleton compressed and ascending, extra-axial skeleton plumo-reticulate or confused. Ectosomal skeleton produced by spicules from the extra-axial skeleton forming discrete bouquets of subtylostyles. Styles placed at the axial skeleton and subtylostyles protruding into extra-axial skeleton at acute angles. Palmate isochelae dispersed within choanosome. Spicules. Megascleres: Styles (167– 396.4 –522 / 3– 7 – 10 µm): smooth, slender straight to slightly curved, with rounded base (Fig. 3A,C); Subtylostyles (171– 354.9 –488 / 3– 5.5 – 10 µm): straight with microspined base, and pointed or mucronate points (Fig. 3B,D); Microscleres: palmate isochelae (10– 15.1 – 19 µm): normal shaft to slightly curved “V”-shaped shaft and short alae (Fig. 3E). Distribution and ecology. The specimen was found in Tutóia Channel, about 9.5 km from the shore and was collected dragged by fishing nets, in Tutóia beach, Tutóia municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil. Etymology. From Latin “ aurantius ” referring to its vivid orange color in life. Remarks. Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp. as well as C. (A.) papillata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013, and C. (A.) riosae Van Soest, 2017 differ from other C. (Axosuberites) species by the absence of toxas. However, the new species has smooth styles and one category of subtylostyles versus microspined styles in C. (A.) papillata and two size categories of subtylostyles in C. (A.) riosae (see Table 1). The main difference between C. (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp. and C. (A.) pachyaxia (Lévi, 1960) and C. (A.) georgiaensis Hooper, 1996 is the presence of toxas. In addition, there are some differences in the categories of their spicule arrangements and geographic distributions making specificity unlikely (see Table 1). Species of Axosuberites that have more than two categories of megascleres are: C. (A.) benguelaensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005, Clathria (A.) canaliculata (Whitelegge, 1906), C. (A.) cylindrica (Ridley & Dendy, 1886), C. (A.) flabellata (Topsent, 1916), C. (A.) nidificata (Kirkpatrick, 1907), C. (A.) patula (Hooper, 1996), and C. (A.) thetidis (Hallmann, 1920). Species with much larger isochelae and stout styles are C. (A.) fromontae Hooper, 1996, C. (A.) macrotoxa (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988), C. (A.) marplatensis (Cuartas, 1992) and C. (A.) multitoxaformis (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988). Furthermore, two species show larger megascleres when compared to Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp.: Clathria (A.) ramea (Koltun, 1964) and C. (A.) rosita Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012.Published as part of Annunziata, Bruno B., Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Santos, George Garcia & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2019, Two new Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 500-510 in Zootaxa 4671 (4) on pages 502-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/345046
L'évolution du tourisme en Campanie et ses relations à l'industrialisation (XVIII-XX siècles)
No full textCommento agli artt. 91, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 113, 118, 133, 198 e 199
No full textCommento agli artt. 91, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 113, 118, 133, 198 e 199 del TU
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