1,721,117 research outputs found
Infrastrutture di dati territoriali, web services, sistemi informativi diffusi…: convergenza tra evoluzioni tecnologiche e concettuali
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Workers' self-objectification and tendencies to conform to others
No full textRecent research showed that workers' self-objectification—their self-perception as objects rather than human beings—leads to detrimental intrapersonal consequences. In the present research, we explored whether this phenomenon may also affect interpersonal relations, by increasing workers' tendencies to conform. In a correlational study, Italian workers who perceived their work as more objectifying self-objectified more—self-attributed less human mental states and self-perceive as more instrument-like than human-like—and, in turn, were more inclined to conform with others. The second study experimentally confirmed this pattern, showing that British workers who recalled an objectifying (vs. a non-objectifying) work experience self-objectified more. Self-perception as instrument-like was associated, in turn, with an increased tendency to adapt to others' opinions. The implications for organizational and social psychology are discussed
Unscrambling Light Automatically on a Photonic Chip
Full text linkLight beams can get mixed by transmission through a scattering
system like a multimode channel. Separating beams
of the same wavelength and polarization would appear to be
very hard. Although the information carried by the beams is
not fundamentally lost, its recovery requires a coherent interferometric
reconstruction of the original signals, which have
been scrambled among the modes of the system.
In principle, a reconfigurable mesh of 2×2 interferometers
could perform the necessary unitary mathematical operation.1
In practice, however, use of such photonic meshes—the size
of which scales up quadratically with the number of modes—
has been hindered by the need for complex, time-consuming
procedures for calibration, control and configuration. Setting
up and stabilizing a complex network of interferometers can
be challenging, especially for interferometers buried inside
the mesh.
In work this year, we constructed a silicon photonics integrated
mesh that can self-configure automatically to unscramble
arbitrarily mixed optical beams, without any advance knowledge
of the scattering system.2 Our architecture integrates
six thermally controlled Mach-Zehnder interferometers that
are sequentially and automatically adjusted, without calculations,
to simultaneously reconstruct, separate (with a residual
crosstalk of less than –20 dB), and sort out four optical beams
that have been completely mixed in a multimode waveguide.
By keying each signal with a different pilot tone, built-in
transparent detectors3 monitor the evolution of each mode
along the mesh, allowing tuning and adaptive individual feedback
control of each interferometer with a simple, progressive
algorithm.4 The entire mesh, controlled by custom-designed
electronics, resets itself automatically after the mode mixing
is significantly perturbed, can completely reconfigure on a
time scale of a few seconds, and can track modes undergoing
time-varying mixing on a time scale of a few hundred
milliseconds.
Our calibration and control strategy enables scalability to
larger meshes (that is, to higher number of modes) without
substantially increasing control complexity. Further, the principle
of a self-configuring, self-resetting mesh can be extended
to different mesh topologies to implement nonunitary linear
operations4 and emerging programmable photonic processors,5
for applications in fields such as telecommunications, imaging,
sensing, secrecy and quantum information processing. This
work demonstrates that, despite the apparent challenges of
undoing complicated scattering and interferometric mixing
of optical beams, self-configuring and self-stabilizing optics
systems can automatically unscramble light in real time
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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